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Finance and Economics Discussion Series: 2009-39 Screen Reader version

Credit Card Redlining Revisited: Figure Data


Figure 1: Change in AVAILCREDIT Resulting from Cohen-Cole's Method of
Calculating Balances (with 95 Percent Confidence Interval)
Panel A: Change in AVAILCREDIT by Level of AVAILCREDIT Using Consistent Account Definition

Available Credit on Revolving Accounts ($000s)Change in AVAILCREDIT ($000s)
Point Estimate
Change in AVAILCREDIT ($000s)
95% Confidence Interval Upper Bound
Change in AVAILCREDIT ($000s)
95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound
-0.170999990.015106280.0438979-0.0682929
2.79914280.186439160.206570.1153601
5.76928560.342418780.36527890.2772752
8.73942840.492602440.52140820.4276352
11.7095710.648675450.68535920.5796493
14.6797140.825365640.87214920.7497872
17.6498571.00583731.0613750.9224746
20.621.17859311.2436211.086923
23.5901421.36265351.4375221.262645
26.5602851.55603821.6409621.447923
29.5304281.77200141.8673041.656151
32.5005711.99804052.1047811.874792
35.4707142.22440672.3434452.094119
38.4408562.43080582.5642722.293753
41.4109992.65975482.8091522.516022
44.3811422.94854763.1145862.797997
47.3512853.30887333.4930653.151746
50.3214283.7022373.9076693.539163
53.291574.07039874.2999713.901986
56.2617134.43803344.6928194.265125
59.2318564.80401065.0845464.627914
62.2019995.07277875.3815364.895582
65.1721425.32543555.6622185.150828
68.1422845.66517546.0354875.496211
71.1124276.09749746.5035565.928825
74.082576.56696877.0108366.398181
77.0527137.10940837.5920226.940158
80.0228567.47996618.0056887.311704
82.9929987.61253638.1874797.44624
85.9631417.74537698.3821567.577956
88.9332848.13524518.8545537.967237
91.9034278.91222979.7118318.744446
94.873579.705949710.584369.539452
97.84371210.40684311.3676510.24285
100.8138610.7694711.8178410.60645
103.78410.85403511.9804710.69071
106.7541410.97456912.162210.8106
109.7242811.36755412.6255511.20291
112.6944312.02402713.358311.8589
115.6645712.97064614.3978912.80567
118.6347113.53242915.0603613.36895
121.6048513.76273915.3760213.60295
124.57513.91906915.6621313.76331
127.5451414.23819416.1305814.07178
130.5152815.00432317.0330714.8241
133.4854316.01041718.1481115.81163
136.4555716.29632918.5480616.07512
139.4257115.85603718.518215.6078
142.3958514.01834817.8292913.73733
145.36612.14066618.9086811.81943
Return to Figure 1

Panel B: Change in AVAILCREDIT by Neighborhood Racial Composition (PCT_BLACK)

Neighborhood Racial Composition (PCT_BLACK)Change in AVAILCREDIT ($000s)
Point Estimate
Change in AVAILCREDIT ($000s)
95% Confidence Interval Upper Bound
Change in AVAILCREDIT ($000s)
95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound
02.37358312.4569822.290184
0.020408162.26911252.3401922.198034
0.040816332.1686922.2338352.103549
0.061224492.07179162.1367592.006824
0.081632651.9781932.0472191.909167
0.102040821.88967481.9652531.814096
0.122448981.80863731.8921.725275
0.142857141.73169991.823371.640029
0.163265311.65989881.7599071.559891
0.183673471.5901621.6982771.482047
0.204081631.52345711.6393081.407606
0.22448981.45943831.5826861.33619
0.244897961.3993011.5295891.269013
0.265306121.3423031.4793551.205251
0.285714291.29135591.4350881.147623
0.306122451.25464671.4051971.104096
0.326530611.22762841.3847561.070501
0.346938781.19706351.3601381.033989
0.367346941.1684231.3368361.00001
0.38775511.13856721.3114760.9656585
0.408163271.10776971.2838660.9316733
0.428571431.07855441.2557510.9013576
0.448979591.05271291.227320.8781056
0.469387761.02954351.1985080.8605791
0.489795921.00611831.174790.8374465
0.510204080.983166661.1519540.814379
0.530612240.96212561.1313760.7928753
0.551020410.943527441.111790.7752651
0.571428570.923226111.0895220.7569301
0.591836730.902260461.0696810.7348397
0.61224490.880674881.0486820.7126673
0.632653060.859660551.0274450.6918764
0.653061220.832928370.9994260.6664307
0.673469390.803839820.96783340.6398462
0.693877550.772701920.9357250.6096788
0.714285710.747144580.9104730.5838162
0.734693880.726435260.89040570.5624648
0.755102040.705934270.87057950.541289
0.77551020.684648740.84977890.5195186
0.795918370.657992430.82297020.4930147
0.816326530.628148850.79162290.4646748
0.836734690.594885010.75467160.4350984
0.857142860.559981580.71574320.4042199
0.877551020.525993910.69241210.3595757
0.897959180.493920770.67414770.3136939
0.918367350.4571280.65591410.2583419
0.938775510.416133120.63734010.1949261
0.959183670.368382180.61662070.1201437
0.979591840.302581080.58359980.0215624
10.237892950.5591276-0.0833417
Return to Figure 1

Figure 2 Description

Figure 2 is entitled "Geographic Coordinates from the Credit Bureau and Census Block Group Internal Points in the Outer Banks, North Carolina." This figure shows a map of the Outer Banks area of North Carolina. Specifically, the internal points and boundaries for 84 Census block groups are depicted. In all but two cases, the internal points (which are supplied by the Census Bureau as longitude and latitude coordinates) fall within the portion of the block group that is covered by land (the remainder of the block group is covered by water). The two cases where this does not occur are the block groups beyond the coast that cover only ocean.

The graph also shows the longitude and latitude coordinates from the 2003 and 2004 credit bureau data. There are 72 points depicted from the 2003 data and 71 points for 2004 (each point can correspond to multiple individuals in the data). Each of these points is depicted as the center of a circle with a 1-mile radius, representing the distance beyond which individuals are not assigned to block groups (that is, the neighborhood characteristics for these people are all coded as missing values if the internal point for a block group does not fall within the area covered by the circle).

Of the points from the 72 points from the 2003 data, 22 have points that fall within the portion of the block group that is covered by water. Of these 22, 16 (or approximately 73%) are more than 1 mile away from the nearest internal point, meaning that they were assigned missing values for all neighborhood characteristics. None of the 71 points for the 2004 data fell within the areas covered by water.

Of the points that fall on land, the figure shows that in block groups covering smaller geographic areas, where the 1-mile radius around each point from the credit bureau covers a larger portion of the block group, the internal point from the Census Bureau is more likely to fall within this radius. In the larger block groups depicted, where the 1-mile-radius circles represent a smaller portion of the block group's area, the internal point falls outside of the circle in most of the cases.
Return to Figure 2

Figure 3: Mean Credit Score by Neighborhood Racial Composition
(with 95% Confidence Interval)

Neighborhood Racial Composition (PCT_BLACK)Credit Score
Point Estimate
Credit Score
95% Confidence Interval Upper Bound
Credit Score
95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound
0683.27181684.0778682.4659
0.02040816672.57726673.1667671.9878
0.04081633662.64594663.2243662.0676
0.06122449653.54962654.2195652.8798
0.08163265645.36582646.1484644.5833
0.10204082637.88008638.7734636.9868
0.12244898631.36536632.3653630.3654
0.14285714625.83027626.9357624.7248
0.16326531620.72663621.9412619.5121
0.18367347616.09028617.4249614.7556
0.20408163611.63562613.0873610.1839
0.2244898607.18218608.7434605.6209
0.24489796603.09576604.761601.4305
0.26530612599.13352600.8997597.3674
0.28571429595.55263597.4172593.6881
0.30612245591.97775593.9399590.0156
0.32653061588.26016590.3234586.197
0.34693878584.37168586.5293582.2141
0.36734694580.78558583.0349578.5363
0.3877551577.5772579.9122575.2422
0.40816327574.54144576.9626572.1202
0.42857143571.64096574.1437569.1382
0.44897959568.69013571.2783566.102
0.46938776565.46565568.1489562.7825
0.48979592562.20019564.9736559.4268
0.51020408558.80854561.6668555.9503
0.53061224555.43745558.3679552.507
0.55102041551.9486554.9451548.9521
0.57142857548.281551.3414545.2206
0.59183673544.77981547.8995541.6602
0.6122449541.4378544.6132538.2624
0.63265306538.12207541.344534.9001
0.65306122535.00663538.2829531.7303
0.67346939532.20881535.5363528.8813
0.69387755529.56105532.9269526.1951
0.71428571526.92944530.3302523.5287
0.73469388524.3991527.8256520.9726
0.75510204522.25221525.6888518.8156
0.7755102519.80533523.2586516.3521
0.79591837517.41686520.8813513.9524
0.81632653515.09731518.5628511.6318
0.83673469512.86765516.3233509.412
0.85714286510.62592514.0435507.2083
0.87755102508.13962511.5083504.771
0.89795918505.4725508.8835502.0615
0.91836735502.58588506.2039498.9678
0.93877551499.16151503.2664495.0567
0.95918367495.0948500.1689490.0207
0.97959184490.74157497.6112483.8719
1485.24536495.261475.2297
Return to Figure 3

Figure 4 (Panel a): Estimated Race Penalty for AVAILCREDIT and LIMIT
(with 95 Percent Confidence Interval)

PCT_BLACKReplicated Sample
AVAILCREDIT Race Penalty (000s)
Point Estimate
Replicated Sample
AVAILCREDIT Race Penalty (000s)
95% Confidence Interval Upper Bound
Replicated Sample
AVAILCREDIT Race Penalty (000s)
95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound
00.0299750.0472780.013148
0.0101010.0350840.0559390.014862
0.0202020.0407990.0657390.016681
0.0303030.047760.0778180.018738
0.0404040.0577370.0952280.021674
0.0505050.0756740.126730.026747
0.0606060.0978010.166250.031722
0.0707070.115710.199460.033865
0.0808080.131440.230750.034461
0.0909090.145910.261020.03402
0.101010.158580.288770.033549
0.111110.170080.315180.031842
0.121210.180150.339590.027839
0.131310.19020.363990.023621
0.141410.200480.388480.019536
0.151520.209930.411990.014691
0.161620.220070.436190.010436
0.171720.228260.458010.0048164
0.181820.233750.47669-0.0036037
0.191920.238680.49463-0.012432
0.202020.243050.51265-0.021812
0.212120.247630.53054-0.03085
0.222220.249380.54506-0.041017
0.232320.254330.56285-0.048975
0.242420.261680.58352-0.055947
0.252530.268480.60372-0.063774
0.262630.278330.62736-0.068002
0.272730.283920.64639-0.077112
0.282830.280160.65501-0.095242
0.292930.273890.66066-0.1132
0.303030.265840.66445-0.13542
0.313130.258150.66806-0.15717
0.323230.245130.66734-0.18565
0.333330.233650.66784-0.21264
0.343430.225380.67294-0.23616
0.353540.2150.67642-0.26212
0.363640.211380.68637-0.28059
0.373740.209030.69846-0.29718
0.383840.205680.70887-0.31452
0.393940.195230.71221-0.33956
0.404040.173290.70491-0.37296
0.414140.150160.69708-0.40814
0.424240.125110.68079-0.44841
0.434340.103040.66768-0.48834
0.444440.0770740.65651-0.53274
0.454550.0553580.64911-0.56935
0.464650.0438890.64898-0.59305
0.474750.0386990.65559-0.61081
0.484850.049840.68053-0.61395
0.494950.0619570.70743-0.61713
0.505050.0660420.72522-0.62787
0.515150.0649050.73778-0.64306
0.525250.0473650.73146-0.67278
0.535350.00910370.70223-0.72147
0.54545-0.0426540.66039-0.78906
0.55556-0.0872660.63068-0.84954
0.56566-0.131340.60271-0.90938
0.57576-0.17290.57597-0.96386
0.58586-0.20960.55438-1.0145
0.59596-0.242710.53656-1.0644
0.60606-0.270790.52267-1.1081
0.61616-0.295240.51331-1.1464
0.62626-0.32070.50272-1.1871
0.63636-0.356510.4819-1.2412
0.64646-0.389560.46313-1.2857
0.65657-0.414210.45235-1.3224
0.66667-0.433360.44737-1.3548
0.67677-0.43240.46132-1.3684
0.68687-0.423560.48304-1.3751
0.69697-0.425420.49473-1.3918
0.70707-0.441230.49346-1.4216
0.71717-0.494230.45709-1.486
0.72727-0.534540.43202-1.5378
0.73737-0.569760.41112-1.5857
0.74747-0.622490.36576-1.6513
0.75758-0.684390.31483-1.7234
0.76768-0.742270.27577-1.7931
0.77778-0.8090.23132-1.8783
0.78788-0.874930.18572-1.9653
0.79798-0.935240.13866-2.046
0.80808-0.979380.10877-2.1093
0.81818-1.01480.087196-2.1599
0.82828-1.04210.073176-2.2001
0.83838-1.06060.066835-2.2309
0.84848-1.08260.057-2.2649
0.85859-1.11180.040115-2.306
0.86869-1.16250.0020882-2.3676
0.87879-1.2252-0.045786-2.4407
0.88889-1.2955-0.10376-2.5266
0.89899-1.3798-0.17694-2.6339
0.90909-1.4593-0.24442-2.7261
0.91919-1.5331-0.30614-2.8127
0.92929-1.6032-0.36352-2.8972
0.93939-1.6625-0.41047-2.9753
0.94949-1.7-0.43627-3.0266
0.9596-1.7281-0.45607-3.0654
0.9697-1.7631-0.48459-3.1102
0.9798-1.7894-0.5042-3.1447
0.9899-1.7926-0.50264-3.1528
1-1.7823-0.48822-3.1457


Figure 4 (Panel b): Estimated Race Penalty for AVAILCREDIT and LIMIT
(with 95 Percent Confidence Interval)

PCT_BLACKModified Sample with Income
AVAILCREDIT Race Penalty (000s)
Point Estimate
Modified Sample with Income
AVAILCREDIT Race Penalty (000s)
95% Confidence Interval Upper Bound
Modified Sample with Income
AVAILCREDIT Race Penalty (000s)
95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound
00.00208440.013201-0.0098362
0.0101010.00122740.014617-0.013238
0.020202-0.00018960.01582-0.017589
0.030303-0.00241070.017119-0.023569
0.040404-0.00606740.018686-0.03287
0.050505-0.0132830.021223-0.05051
0.060606-0.0253740.02143-0.075881
0.070707-0.0397490.017757-0.10213
0.080808-0.0563840.01144-0.13025
0.090909-0.0751530.0029124-0.16019
0.10101-0.095501-0.0066385-0.19138
0.11111-0.11789-0.018413-0.22448
0.12121-0.14143-0.032207-0.2586
0.13131-0.16522-0.046149-0.29308
0.14141-0.18967-0.060838-0.32811
0.15152-0.21621-0.077291-0.3643
0.16162-0.24427-0.094892-0.40179
0.17172-0.27313-0.11366-0.44091
0.18182-0.29987-0.13065-0.4776
0.19192-0.3246-0.14611-0.5121
0.20202-0.34901-0.16187-0.54639
0.21212-0.37883-0.18337-0.58627
0.22222-0.41189-0.20809-0.62892
0.23232-0.44329-0.22906-0.67014
0.24242-0.47515-0.2505-0.71174
0.25253-0.50971-0.27452-0.75588
0.26263-0.55018-0.30395-0.80602
0.27273-0.59929-0.34327-0.86465
0.28283-0.64874-0.38449-0.92286
0.29293-0.69945-0.42718-0.9823
0.30303-0.74435-0.46366-1.0364
0.31313-0.78441-0.49522-1.0857
0.32323-0.83406-0.53555-1.1442
0.33333-0.88349-0.57474-1.2025
0.34343-0.93042-0.61174-1.2586
0.35354-0.97049-0.64302-1.308
0.36364-1.0061-0.66982-1.353
0.37374-1.0534-0.70741-1.4096
0.38384-1.109-0.75321-1.4729
0.39394-1.1762-0.81061-1.5469
0.40404-1.2405-0.86965-1.6187
0.41414-1.3049-0.92838-1.6909
0.42424-1.3755-0.99367-1.77
0.43434-1.4488-1.061-1.8519
0.44444-1.5195-1.1226-1.9319
0.45455-1.5695-1.1633-1.9911
0.46465-1.6051-1.1898-2.036
0.47475-1.6391-1.2151-2.0792
0.48485-1.6724-1.2395-2.1217
0.49495-1.7137-1.2717-2.172
0.50505-1.76-1.3088-2.2275
0.51515-1.82-1.3597-2.2965
0.52525-1.8785-1.4096-2.3639
0.53535-1.9494-1.4717-2.4437
0.54545-2.0361-1.5496-2.5384
0.55556-2.1332-1.638-2.6425
0.56566-2.2447-1.7374-2.7607
0.57576-2.3407-1.8268-2.8642
0.58586-2.4276-1.9051-2.9604
0.59596-2.5303-1.9987-3.0779
0.60606-2.6248-2.0842-3.1814
0.61616-2.7207-2.1712-3.2861
0.62626-2.8056-2.2473-3.3798
0.63636-2.8697-2.3026-3.4529
0.64646-2.9142-2.338-3.5067
0.65657-2.9486-2.3634-3.5504
0.66667-2.9871-2.3929-3.5982
0.67677-3.0098-2.4065-3.6304
0.68687-3.0366-2.4239-3.667
0.69697-3.1056-2.4839-3.7452
0.70707-3.2096-2.579-3.8579
0.71717-3.3153-2.6762-3.9724
0.72727-3.442-2.7924-4.1065
0.73737-3.5582-2.8936-4.2306
0.74747-3.6776-3.0009-4.3582
0.75758-3.7873-3.0986-4.4765
0.76768-3.9055-3.2045-4.6033
0.77778-4.0039-3.2912-4.7108
0.78788-4.1002-3.3757-4.8167
0.79798-4.1853-3.4496-4.911
0.80808-4.2817-3.5345-5.0165
0.81818-4.3199-3.5638-5.0643
0.82828-4.3706-3.6053-5.1243
0.83838-4.4137-3.6398-5.1762
0.84848-4.461-3.6784-5.2323
0.85859-4.5157-3.7239-5.2959
0.86869-4.5866-3.7848-5.3757
0.87879-4.6533-3.8413-5.4517
0.88889-4.7343-3.9115-5.5419
0.89899-4.8374-4.0025-5.6548
0.90909-4.9699-4.1217-5.7973
0.91919-5.0746-4.2146-5.9093
0.92929-5.2023-4.3292-6.0459
0.93939-5.3342-4.4478-6.1867
0.94949-5.4515-4.5599-6.3108
0.9596-5.5486-4.6525-6.4129
0.9697-5.6322-4.7274-6.5007
0.9798-5.701-4.7923-6.573
0.9899-5.7378-4.8256-6.6132
1-5.7677-4.8524-6.646


Figure 4 (Panel c): Estimated Race Penalty for AVAILCREDIT and LIMIT
(with 95 Percent Confidence Interval)

PCT_BLACKReplicated Sample
LIMIT Race Penalty (000s)
Point Estimate
Replicated Sample
LIMIT Race Penalty (000s)
95% Confidence Interval Upper Bound
Replicated Sample
LIMIT Race Penalty (000s)
95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound
00.0281770.0459390.011698
0.0101010.0330370.05450.013202
0.0202020.0384420.0641720.014512
0.0303030.0449640.0759050.016072
0.0404040.0542130.0926360.018126
0.0505050.0707520.122940.021633
0.0606060.0906850.160790.024584
0.0707070.106470.192990.02505
0.0808080.120010.221690.023821
0.0909090.132260.249410.021256
0.101010.143160.275520.017587
0.111110.153140.300710.013149
0.121210.162260.324490.0086789
0.131310.170820.347880.0029217
0.141410.178630.37032-0.0034166
0.151520.185410.39159-0.010692
0.161620.192710.41338-0.017188
0.171720.198570.43393-0.024443
0.181820.202610.45246-0.033132
0.191920.205940.47011-0.042301
0.202020.209120.48759-0.051582
0.212120.212650.50555-0.060676
0.222220.215120.52257-0.070785
0.232320.219390.54042-0.079412
0.242420.223840.55838-0.088031
0.252530.228270.57642-0.096938
0.262630.233340.59518-0.10499
0.272730.233390.60791-0.11748
0.282830.227930.61437-0.1348
0.292930.220930.62025-0.15324
0.303030.212510.62469-0.17302
0.313130.204780.62997-0.19227
0.323230.194640.63302-0.215
0.333330.184490.63626-0.23956
0.343430.173480.63852-0.26516
0.353540.163520.64118-0.28952
0.363640.157580.64722-0.30944
0.373740.148860.65207-0.33184
0.383840.139350.65664-0.35245
0.393940.125750.65749-0.37591
0.404040.105350.64879-0.40701
0.414140.083350.64043-0.44764
0.424240.0634960.63588-0.48107
0.434340.0418690.62656-0.51515
0.444440.0110260.60597-0.55807
0.45455-0.0145730.59406-0.5956
0.46465-0.0315180.59112-0.62424
0.47475-0.0405860.59528-0.64505
0.48485-0.0414910.60747-0.65839
0.49495-0.0375570.62502-0.66789
0.50505-0.0330880.64334-0.67712
0.51515-0.0315710.65864-0.68895
0.52525-0.0310890.67274-0.70156
0.53535-0.0481320.6706-0.73114
0.54545-0.0808160.6534-0.77534
0.55556-0.116140.63322-0.82159
0.56566-0.153390.61113-0.86865
0.57576-0.186830.5933-0.9086
0.58586-0.223680.57044-0.95665
0.59596-0.257920.54877-1.0061
0.60606-0.290450.52719-1.0537
0.61616-0.325250.50661-1.1035
0.62626-0.350220.49496-1.1432
0.63636-0.377470.48045-1.1849
0.64646-0.403850.46728-1.2251
0.65657-0.436720.44796-1.2723
0.66667-0.46410.43456-1.3141
0.67677-0.470740.44128-1.3333
0.68687-0.463130.46238-1.3376
0.69697-0.451850.48724-1.3381
0.70707-0.4590.49441-1.3588
0.71717-0.488650.47952-1.4037
0.72727-0.510930.47125-1.4401
0.73737-0.538910.45684-1.4821
0.74747-0.587210.42221-1.5466
0.75758-0.659760.36191-1.6365
0.76768-0.729110.29691-1.7207
0.77778-0.79140.24124-1.8
0.78788-0.841540.2012-1.8665
0.79798-0.868890.18711-1.9088
0.80808-0.88630.18396-1.9409
0.81818-0.889880.19493-1.9578
0.82828-0.885760.21349-1.9661
0.83838-0.892970.21916-1.9856
0.84848-0.91470.20965-2.0207
0.85859-0.958140.17756-2.0792
0.86869-1.01740.12958-2.1562
0.87879-1.07980.088108-2.2349
0.88889-1.14760.044087-2.3205
0.89899-1.2214-0.0051026-2.4125
0.90909-1.2929-0.054931-2.5015
0.91919-1.3556-0.10299-2.5812
0.92929-1.4106-0.14285-2.6533
0.93939-1.4588-0.17589-2.7182
0.94949-1.4964-0.20166-2.7688
0.9596-1.5266-0.22262-2.8091
0.9697-1.5561-0.24467-2.8473
0.9798-1.5758-0.25795-2.874
0.9899-1.5815-0.25865-2.8846
1-1.5802-0.25288-2.8873


Figure 4 (Panel d): Estimated Race Penalty for AVAILCREDIT and LIMIT
(with 95 Percent Confidence Interval)

PCT_BLACKModified Sample with Income
LIMIT Race Penalty (000s)
Point Estimate
Modified Sample with Income
LIMIT Race Penalty (000s)
95% Confidence Interval Upper Bound
Modified Sample with Income
LIMIT Race Penalty (000s)
95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound
0-0.035739-0.019186-0.052893
0.010101-0.044174-0.024177-0.064927
0.020202-0.054272-0.030264-0.079123
0.030303-0.067354-0.038242-0.097322
0.040404-0.086955-0.050308-0.12446
0.050505-0.12375-0.073044-0.17533
0.060606-0.17239-0.10408-0.24274
0.070707-0.21806-0.13385-0.30471
0.080808-0.2641-0.1647-0.3659
0.090909-0.31145-0.19695-0.42819
0.10101-0.35895-0.22979-0.49011
0.11111-0.40751-0.26385-0.5528
0.12121-0.45653-0.29854-0.61651
0.13131-0.50607-0.33358-0.68099
0.14141-0.55579-0.36894-0.74497
0.15152-0.60676-0.4059-0.80875
0.16162-0.65874-0.4434-0.87401
0.17172-0.70982-0.4809-0.93921
0.18182-0.75856-0.51643-1.002
0.19192-0.80543-0.55029-1.0626
0.20202-0.85249-0.58416-1.1235
0.21212-0.90357-0.62196-1.1889
0.22222-0.95695-0.66207-1.2553
0.23232-1.0098-0.70134-1.3212
0.24242-1.0628-0.74084-1.3871
0.25253-1.1172-0.78202-1.4542
0.26263-1.1759-0.82431-1.5272
0.27273-1.24-0.8785-1.6033
0.28283-1.3042-0.92866-1.6794
0.29293-1.3688-0.9781-1.7557
0.30303-1.4299-1.0263-1.829
0.31313-1.4874-1.0698-1.8992
0.32323-1.5511-1.1207-1.9773
0.33333-1.6147-1.1737-2.0552
0.34343-1.6774-1.2242-2.1325
0.35354-1.7361-1.2697-2.2051
0.36364-1.791-1.3116-2.273
0.37374-1.8529-1.3613-2.3459
0.38384-1.9196-1.4156-2.4226
0.39394-1.9939-1.4758-2.5057
0.40404-2.0661-1.5337-2.5869
0.41414-2.1395-1.5951-2.6698
0.42424-2.2177-1.6611-2.7575
0.43434-2.2973-1.7284-2.8484
0.44444-2.3753-1.7926-2.9379
0.45455-2.4402-1.8438-3.0155
0.46465-2.495-1.8853-3.0831
0.47475-2.548-1.9253-3.1485
0.48485-2.6006-1.9649-3.2137
0.49495-2.6594-2.0102-3.2851
0.50505-2.7215-2.0588-3.3598
0.51515-2.7919-2.1154-3.4458
0.52525-2.8601-2.1693-3.53
0.53535-2.9372-2.2335-3.6187
0.54545-3.0245-2.3073-3.7156
0.55556-3.118-2.389-3.8181
0.56566-3.2217-2.4772-3.9354
0.57576-3.316-2.5526-4.0389
0.58586-3.4042-2.623-4.1368
0.59596-3.503-2.7024-4.2442
0.60606-3.596-2.7792-4.3461
0.61616-3.6894-2.8565-4.4485
0.62626-3.7755-2.9271-4.5457
0.63636-3.8481-2.9852-4.6311
0.64646-3.9085-3.032-4.704
0.65657-3.9625-3.0728-4.77
0.66667-4.019-3.1159-4.8388
0.67677-4.0654-3.1498-4.897
0.68687-4.1158-3.1868-4.9618
0.69697-4.1922-3.2484-5.0493
0.70707-4.2908-3.3311-5.162
0.71717-4.3893-3.4173-5.2744
0.72727-4.5002-3.5136-5.3992
0.73737-4.6047-3.599-5.5177
0.74747-4.7116-3.6863-5.6386
0.75758-4.8138-3.7707-5.7551
0.76768-4.9213-3.862-5.8771
0.77778-5.0173-3.9432-5.9874
0.78788-5.1135-4.024-6.0984
0.79798-5.2012-4.0969-6.1992
0.80808-5.2958-4.1768-6.3052
0.81818-5.3531-4.2198-6.3762
0.82828-5.4177-4.2704-6.4535
0.83838-5.4758-4.3152-6.5241
0.84848-5.5366-4.3626-6.5971
0.85859-5.6026-4.415-6.6751
0.86869-5.6795-4.478-6.7638
0.87879-5.7549-4.539-6.8517
0.88889-5.8396-4.6091-6.9484
0.89899-5.9397-4.6949-7.0602
0.90909-6.0575-4.8067-7.188
0.91919-6.1573-4.8918-7.3012
0.92929-6.2725-4.9899-7.4403
0.93939-6.3902-5.0983-7.5803
0.94949-6.4915-5.1912-7.6972
0.9596-6.5733-5.2624-7.7884
0.9697-6.6432-5.3234-7.8662
0.9798-6.7011-5.3737-7.9307
0.9899-6.7369-5.4037-7.9717
1-6.7666-5.4285-8.0059
Return to Figure 4

Figure 5 Description

Figure 5 is entitled "Example of Instrument Creation for a Borrower Living in Boston." This figure is centered around the geographic location of a hypothetical borrower living in Boston (whose location is depicted by a house shape). A circle with a 1-mile radius is depicted, and within this circle fall 16 internal points from the Census Bureau. Each of these points is labeled with a black dot signifying that the point was included in the calculation of mean income.

The figure also shows a larger circle, again centered around the same point representing the geographic location of the hypothetical borrower, with a radius of four miles. Points with this circle, but outside of the inner circle with 1-mile radius, are labeled as blue dots or blue crosses. These points (whether dots or crosses correspond to block groups whose internal points fall within the 1 to 4 miles of the hypothetical borrower. There are 37 blue dots, signifying that these block groups were included in the calculation of GTagginc4, meaning that their mean income was greater than or equal to the mean income of the points in the inner circle. There are 416 blue crosses, signifying census block groups that were within 1-4 miles of the borrower but that were excluded from the calculation of GTagginc4 because the mean income of each of these block groups is above the mean income of innermost circle.

Finally, a wider circle is shown that is centered around the same borrower but with a radius of 40 miles. Internal points for block groups within this circle (but outside of the two inner circles describe above) are depicted as red dots or crosses. There are 195 red dots indicating that these block groups were included in the calculation of GTagginc20 and 1,625 red crosses indicating that these block groups were excluded from the calculation of GTagginc20.
Return to Figure 5

Figure 6: Instrument Values as a Function of Mean Neighborhood Income

Mean Neighborhood Income (in thousands of dollars)Instrument Value (in thousands of dollars)
GTagginc4
Instrument Value (in thousands of dollars)
GTagginc20
02430
12430
22430
32430
42430
52430
62430
72430
82430
92530
102530
112630
122731
132831
142931
153031
163132
173232
183432
193433
203533
213634
223835
233935
244036
254137
264238
274339
284440
294641
304743
314844
324845
334946
345047
355248
365249
375350
385451
395653
405653
415855
425856
436057
446158
456258
466459
476460
486661
496762
506763
516864
526965
536966
546966
556967
567168
577469
587470
597872
607873
617874
627875
637976
647976
658078
668179
678279
688280
698282
708382
718483
728785
738786
748787
758788
768988
778991
789191
799292
809293
819693
829696
839998
849998
8510499
86104102
87104102
88104102
89104102
90108102
91108102
92108102
93108105
94108105
95110105
96110105
97110107
98119107
99119107
100119107
101119109
102119117
103119117
104119117
105119117
106119117
107119117
108119117
109119117
110119117
111119117
112119117
113119123
114119123
115119123
116119123
117119123
118119123
119 123
120 123
121 123
122 123
123  
124  
125  
126  
127  
128  
129  
130  
131  
132  
133  
134  
135  
136  
137  
138  
139  
140  
141  
142  
143  
144  
145  
146  
147  
148  
149  
150  
Return to Figure 6

Figure 7 Description

Figure 7 is entitled "Cohen-Cole's (2008) Figure 2 and My Replication." Panel A of this figure is entitled "Reproduced Graph from Cohen-Cole (2008)." This figure shows a graph with credit score on the x-axis and available credit given on the y-axis. The scale of the x-axis runs from 300 to 894. The scale of the y-axis runs from 0 to 180. The graph shows two lines, labeled "white" and "black". The white line, which starts at roughly 45 at a credit score of 300 increases almost linearly (though it is slightly convex) reaching a level of approximately 155 at the highest credit score. The black line begins at around 50 and increases at a slower rate initially, though with a much more pronounced convex shape, and reaches a level of around 105 at the highest credit score. These two curves intersect at a credit score of approximately 320 where the level of available credit is slightly higher than 50.

Panel B of this graph is entitled "Replicated Graph." This graph shows credit score on the x-axis and credit limit (expressed in thousands) on the y-axis. The x-axis runs from 200 to 1000, though the lines depicted only cover scores from 270 to 912. The y-axis covers values from -20 to 70. The graph shows two lines, one labeled "All Black Neighborhood" and the other labeled "All White Neighborhood." The line for the all black neighborhood, which has a constant slope, starts from 28.7 at the lowest credit score level and increases to about 32.4 at the highest credit score level. The all white neighborhood line runs from -11.4 to 64.0. The two curves intersect at a credit score of approximately 629 and a credit limit of 30.8.
Return to Figure 7


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