Finance and Economics Discussion Series: Data for paper 2011-11
♣
How Useful are Estimated DSGE Model Forecasts
Rochelle M. Edge and Refet S. Gurkaynak
Figure 1: Relative Forecast RMSEs
|
DSGE Model Relative to GB |
DSGE Model Relative to BVAR |
DSGE Model Relative to GB |
DSGE Model Relative to BVAR |
1 |
1.22 |
0.94 |
0.96 |
0.87 |
2 |
1.01 |
0.86 |
0.86 |
0.75 |
3 |
1.04 |
0.76 |
0.82 |
0.75 |
4 |
0.99 |
0.66 |
0.85 |
0.78 |
5 |
0.95 |
0.61 |
0.81 |
0.78 |
6 |
0.91 |
0.57 |
0.80 |
0.82 |
7 |
0.95 |
0.59 |
0.87 |
0.94 |
8 |
0.93 |
0.58 |
0.81 |
0.94 |
Figure 2: Realized and Four-quarter Ahead DSGE In flation and Real GDP Growth Forecast
Realized Inflation |
DSGE Model Forecast of Inflation |
Realized GDP growth |
DSGE Model Forecast of GDP growth |
0.56 |
0.46 |
1.16 |
1.24 |
0.56 |
0.49 |
1.16 |
0.94 |
0.87 |
0.73 |
0.18 |
0.76 |
0.87 |
0.71 |
0.18 |
0.90 |
0.58 |
0.53 |
0.47 |
1.11 |
0.58 |
0.58 |
0.47 |
1.22 |
0.37 |
0.52 |
0.71 |
1.06 |
0.37 |
0.51 |
0.71 |
1.21 |
0.34 |
0.65 |
1.70 |
1.27 |
0.34 |
0.66 |
1.70 |
1.20 |
0.63 |
0.64 |
0.84 |
1.14 |
0.63 |
0.60 |
0.84 |
1.17 |
0.74 |
0.47 |
1.01 |
1.40 |
0.74 |
0.52 |
1.01 |
1.40 |
0.52 |
0.59 |
1.00 |
1.15 |
0.52 |
0.63 |
1.00 |
1.06 |
0.30 |
0.56 |
1.24 |
1.18 |
0.30 |
0.62 |
1.24 |
1.17 |
0.49 |
0.80 |
0.67 |
0.83 |
0.49 |
0.68 |
0.67 |
0.93 |
0.43 |
0.56 |
0.32 |
0.77 |
0.43 |
0.58 |
0.32 |
0.68 |
0.59 |
0.44 |
0.80 |
0.94 |
0.59 |
0.50 |
0.80 |
-1.08 |
0.45 |
0.59 |
0.12 |
0.82 |
0.45 |
0.53 |
0.12 |
0.86 |
0.52 |
0.61 |
0.53 |
0.94 |
0.52 |
0.63 |
0.53 |
1.02 |
0.44 |
0.49 |
1.15 |
0.85 |
0.44 |
0.48 |
1.15 |
0.85 |
0.42 |
0.45 |
0.52 |
1.01 |
0.42 |
0.46 |
0.52 |
0.94 |
0.37 |
0.40 |
0.94 |
1.16 |
0.37 |
0.41 |
0.94 |
1.19 |
0.55 |
0.43 |
1.45 |
1.34 |
0.55 |
0.40 |
1.45 |
1.29 |
0.45 |
0.46 |
0.82 |
1.08 |
0.45 |
0.48 |
0.82 |
1.04 |
0.36 |
0.52 |
0.76 |
1.14 |
0.36 |
0.48 |
0.76 |
1.14 |
0.35 |
0.49 |
0.91 |
1.16 |
0.35 |
0.47 |
0.91 |
1.13 |
0.28 |
0.67 |
1.31 |
0.85 |
0.28 |
0.62 |
1.31 |
0.99 |
0.22 |
0.34 |
0.45 |
1.32 |
0.22 |
0.38 |
0.45 |
1.33 |
0.25 |
0.35 |
0.91 |
1.37 |
0.25 |
0.38 |
0.91 |
1.36 |
0.21 |
0.48 |
1.47 |
1.30 |
0.21 |
0.45 |
1.47 |
1.16 |
0.40 |
0.46 |
1.07 |
1.46 |
0.40 |
0.44 |
1.07 |
1.39 |
0.33 |
0.39 |
0.40 |
1.18 |
0.33 |
0.42 |
0.40 |
1.15 |
0.27 |
0.35 |
1.39 |
1.14 |
0.27 |
0.31 |
1.39 |
1.24 |
0.48 |
0.37 |
1.77 |
1.16 |
0.48 |
0.35 |
1.77 |
1.19 |
0.75 |
0.47 |
1.34 |
0.81 |
0.75 |
0.60 |
1.34 |
0.86 |
0.59 |
0.49 |
1.38 |
0.94 |
0.59 |
0.45 |
1.38 |
0.98 |
0.40 |
0.55 |
0.54 |
0.93 |
0.40 |
0.45 |
0.54 |
0.97 |
0.49 |
0.50 |
0.26 |
0.86 |
0.49 |
0.46 |
0.26 |
0.85 |
0.80 |
0.60 |
0.31 |
0.59 |
0.80 |
0.52 |
0.31 |
0.73 |
0.52 |
0.47 |
0.08 |
0.69 |
0.52 |
0.47 |
0.08 |
0.75 |
0.56 |
0.50 |
-0.34 |
0.78 |
0.56 |
0.52 |
-0.34 |
0.76 |
-0.03 |
0.58 |
0.41 |
0.67 |
-0.03 |
0.58 |
0.41 |
0.67 |
0.31 |
0.70 |
1.50 |
0.64 |
0.31 |
0.73 |
1.50 |
0.45 |
0.31 |
0.63 |
0.31 |
0.72 |
0.31 |
0.61 |
0.31 |
0.74 |
0.25 |
0.57 |
0.99 |
0.93 |
0.25 |
0.60 |
0.99 |
0.96 |
0.44 |
0.36 |
0.34 |
1.20 |
0.44 |
0.28 |
0.34 |
1.18 |
0.58 |
0.38 |
0.36 |
1.78 |
0.58 |
0.41 |
0.36 |
1.91 |
0.26 |
0.34 |
0.81 |
1.22 |
0.26 |
0.38 |
0.81 |
1.27 |
0.40 |
0.39 |
1.99 |
1.27 |
0.40 |
0.43 |
1.99 |
1.17 |
0.37 |
0.50 |
1.02 |
1.15 |
0.37 |
0.58 |
1.02 |
1.19 |
0.71 |
0.64 |
0.96 |
0.70 |
0.71 |
0.44 |
0.96 |
0.69 |
0.79 |
0.29 |
0.82 |
1.38 |
0.79 |
0.39 |
0.82 |
1.25 |
0.36 |
0.43 |
0.99 |
1.25 |
0.36 |
0.38 |
0.99 |
1.30 |
0.57 |
0.36 |
0.95 |
1.32 |
0.57 |
0.36 |
0.95 |
1.51 |
0.71 |
0.49 |
0.93 |
1.08 |
0.71 |
0.61 |
0.93 |
1.03 |
0.65 |
0.68 |
0.82 |
1.10 |
0.65 |
0.61 |
0.82 |
1.11 |
0.81 |
0.54 |
1.02 |
1.47 |
0.81 |
0.52 |
1.02 |
1.49 |
Figure 3: RSMEs of Alternative Forecasts
|
DSGE |
BVAR |
GB |
Random Walk |
Constant |
DSGE |
BVAR |
GB |
Random Walk |
Constant |
DSGE |
BVAR |
GB |
Random Walk |
Constant |
1 |
0.18 |
0.20 |
0.15 |
0.22 |
0.18 |
0.58 |
0.67 |
0.61 |
0.63 |
0.47 |
0.11 |
0.09 |
0.02 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
2 |
0.21 |
0.25 |
0.21 |
0.24 |
0.18 |
0.55 |
0.73 |
0.64 |
0.65 |
0.47 |
0.11 |
0.10 |
0.08 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
3 |
0.21 |
0.28 |
0.20 |
0.22 |
0.18 |
0.53 |
0.71 |
0.65 |
0.70 |
0.47 |
0.11 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
4 |
0.20 |
0.30 |
0.20 |
0.25 |
0.18 |
0.55 |
0.71 |
0.65 |
0.69 |
0.47 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
5 |
0.21 |
0.35 |
0.22 |
0.27 |
0.19 |
0.53 |
0.67 |
0.65 |
0.72 |
0.47 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
6 |
0.22 |
0.39 |
0.24 |
0.30 |
0.19 |
0.51 |
0.63 |
0.64 |
0.73 |
0.47 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
7 |
0.25 |
0.42 |
0.26 |
0.31 |
0.19 |
0.56 |
0.59 |
0.64 |
0.79 |
0.47 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
8 |
0.24 |
0.42 |
0.26 |
0.25 |
0.19 |
0.51 |
0.54 |
0.63 |
0.89 |
0.49 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
Figure 4: A Short History of Inflation
|
Inflation |
1964q2 |
0.59 |
1964q3 |
0.48 |
1964q4 |
0.63 |
1965q1 |
1.10 |
1965q2 |
0.38 |
1965q3 |
0.55 |
1965q4 |
0.60 |
1966q1 |
1.06 |
1966q2 |
1.01 |
1966q3 |
0.64 |
1966q4 |
1.26 |
1967q1 |
0.56 |
1967q2 |
0.33 |
1967q3 |
0.90 |
1967q4 |
1.21 |
1968q1 |
1.50 |
1968q2 |
1.18 |
1968q3 |
1.26 |
1968q4 |
1.28 |
1969q1 |
1.05 |
1969q2 |
1.28 |
1969q3 |
1.51 |
1969q4 |
1.08 |
1970q1 |
1.40 |
1970q2 |
1.86 |
1970q3 |
0.59 |
1970q4 |
1.09 |
1971q1 |
1.67 |
1971q2 |
1.48 |
1971q3 |
1.20 |
1971q4 |
0.78 |
1972q1 |
1.61 |
1972q2 |
1.06 |
1972q3 |
0.98 |
1972q4 |
1.60 |
1973q1 |
1.27 |
1973q2 |
1.81 |
1973q3 |
1.85 |
1973q4 |
2.35 |
1974q1 |
1.62 |
1974q2 |
2.07 |
1974q3 |
2.97 |
1974q4 |
2.41 |
1975q1 |
2.85 |
1975q2 |
1.36 |
1975q3 |
2.09 |
1975q4 |
1.68 |
1976q1 |
1.29 |
1976q2 |
1.28 |
1976q3 |
1.55 |
1976q4 |
1.72 |
1977q1 |
1.35 |
1977q2 |
2.04 |
1977q3 |
1.74 |
1977q4 |
1.76 |
1978q1 |
1.41 |
1978q2 |
2.59 |
1978q3 |
1.94 |
1978q4 |
2.17 |
1979q1 |
1.96 |
1979q2 |
2.14 |
1979q3 |
2.20 |
1979q4 |
1.99 |
1980q1 |
2.30 |
1980q2 |
2.36 |
1980q3 |
2.27 |
1980q4 |
2.62 |
1981q1 |
2.81 |
1981q2 |
1.75 |
1981q3 |
2.33 |
1981q4 |
2.14 |
1982q1 |
1.13 |
1982q2 |
1.31 |
1982q3 |
1.01 |
1982q4 |
0.83 |
1983q1 |
1.22 |
1983q2 |
0.70 |
1983q3 |
0.98 |
1983q4 |
1.05 |
1984q1 |
1.41 |
1984q2 |
1.04 |
1984q3 |
1.14 |
1984q4 |
0.66 |
1985q1 |
1.16 |
1985q2 |
0.67 |
1985q3 |
0.70 |
1985q4 |
0.98 |
1986q1 |
0.49 |
1986q2 |
0.45 |
1986q3 |
0.80 |
1986q4 |
0.75 |
1987q1 |
0.90 |
1987q2 |
0.71 |
1987q3 |
0.76 |
1987q4 |
0.92 |
1988q1 |
0.83 |
1988q2 |
1.12 |
1988q3 |
1.21 |
1988q4 |
1.00 |
1989q1 |
1.24 |
1989q2 |
1.05 |
1989q3 |
0.85 |
1989q4 |
0.90 |
1990q1 |
1.09 |
1990q2 |
1.11 |
1990q3 |
1.13 |
1990q4 |
0.75 |
1991q1 |
1.21 |
1991q2 |
0.79 |
1991q3 |
0.54 |
1991q4 |
0.40 |
1992q1 |
0.73 |
1992q2 |
0.68 |
1992q3 |
0.44 |
1992q4 |
0.56 |
1993q1 |
0.87 |
1993q2 |
0.58 |
1993q3 |
0.37 |
1993q4 |
0.34 |
1994q1 |
0.63 |
1994q2 |
0.74 |
1994q3 |
0.52 |
1994q4 |
0.30 |
1995q1 |
0.49 |
1995q2 |
0.43 |
1995q3 |
0.59 |
1995q4 |
0.45 |
1996q1 |
0.52 |
1996q2 |
0.44 |
1996q3 |
0.42 |
1996q4 |
0.37 |
1997q1 |
0.55 |
1997q2 |
0.45 |
1997q3 |
0.36 |
1997q4 |
0.35 |
1998q1 |
0.28 |
1998q2 |
0.22 |
1998q3 |
0.25 |
1998q4 |
0.21 |
1999q1 |
0.40 |
1999q2 |
0.33 |
1999q3 |
0.27 |
1999q4 |
0.48 |
2000q1 |
0.75 |
2000q2 |
0.59 |
2000q3 |
0.40 |
2000q4 |
0.49 |
2001q1 |
0.80 |
2001q2 |
0.52 |
2001q3 |
0.56 |
2001q4 |
-0.03 |
2002q1 |
0.31 |
2002q2 |
0.31 |
2002q3 |
0.25 |
2002q4 |
0.44 |
2003q1 |
0.58 |
2003q2 |
0.26 |
2003q3 |
0.40 |
2003q4 |
0.37 |
2004q1 |
0.71 |
2004q2 |
0.79 |
2004q3 |
0.36 |
2004q4 |
0.57 |
2005q1 |
0.71 |
2005q2 |
0.65 |
2005q3 |
0.81 |
2005q4 |
0.86 |
2006q1 |
0.77 |
2006q2 |
0.81 |
2006q3 |
0.46 |
Figure 5: Non-overlapping Four-quarter Ahead Forecast Errors
|
DSGE Inflation Forecast Error |
Upper dashed line |
Lower dashed line |
DSGE GDP Growth Forecast Error |
Upper dashed line |
Lower dashed line |
1993 |
0.16 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
-0.73 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
1994 |
-0.02 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
-0.33 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
1995 |
-0.27 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
0.04 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
1996 |
-0.13 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
-0.23 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
1997 |
0.10 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
0.28 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
1998 |
-0.30 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
0.33 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
1999 |
-0.06 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
-0.23 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
2000 |
0.34 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
0.54 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
2001 |
0.23 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
-0.36 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
2002 |
-0.35 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
0.94 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
2003 |
0.21 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
-1.46 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
2004 |
0.18 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
0.25 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
2005 |
0.19 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
-0.16 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
2006 |
0.12 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
0.49 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
2007 |
0.34 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
-0.81 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
2008 |
0.04 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
-0.05 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
2009 |
0.11 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
-1.98 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
2010 |
-0.19 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
-0.05 |
0.25 |
-0.25 |
Figure 6: Three-year Rolling Average of Four-quarter Ahead RMSEs
|
DSGE |
BVAR |
BC |
DSGE |
BVAR |
BC |
1993 |
0.18 |
0.33 |
0.25 |
0.43 |
0.63 |
0.45 |
1994 |
0.18 |
0.35 |
0.25 |
0.49 |
0.58 |
0.42 |
1995 |
0.14 |
0.31 |
0.24 |
0.40 |
0.38 |
0.32 |
1996 |
0.12 |
0.28 |
0.24 |
0.42 |
0.35 |
0.42 |
1997 |
0.19 |
0.31 |
0.26 |
0.43 |
0.41 |
0.53 |
1998 |
0.20 |
0.30 |
0.24 |
0.49 |
0.50 |
0.66 |
1999 |
0.21 |
0.28 |
0.23 |
0.54 |
0.62 |
0.68 |
2000 |
0.23 |
0.27 |
0.20 |
0.58 |
0.65 |
0.72 |
2001 |
0.28 |
0.31 |
0.21 |
0.63 |
0.79 |
0.64 |
2002 |
0.28 |
0.33 |
0.20 |
0.75 |
1.06 |
0.63 |
2003 |
0.25 |
0.26 |
0.20 |
0.67 |
1.08 |
0.46 |
2004 |
0.22 |
0.20 |
0.24 |
0.60 |
1.02 |
0.38 |
2005 |
0.22 |
0.23 |
0.26 |
0.42 |
0.66 |
0.24 |
2006 |
0.23 |
0.23 |
0.25 |
0.52 |
0.67 |
0.37 |
2007 |
0.28 |
0.32 |
0.26 |
0.94 |
1.07 |
0.76 |
2008 |
0.33 |
0.37 |
0.29 |
1.14 |
1.29 |
0.96 |
2009 |
0.36 |
0.43 |
0.29 |
1.26 |
1.42 |
1.06 |
Figure 7: Forecasts of Inflation during the Crisis
|
DSGE |
BVAR |
BC |
Actual |
DSGE |
BVAR |
BC |
Actual |
DSGE |
BVAR |
BC |
Actual |
2007Q1A |
0.55 |
0.58 |
0.51 |
0.60 |
0.52 |
0.44 |
0.51 |
0.96 |
0.58 |
0.61 |
0.60 |
0.69 |
2007Q1B |
0.61 |
0.58 |
0.50 |
0.60 |
0.41 |
0.44 |
0.50 |
0.96 |
0.66 |
0.63 |
0.60 |
0.69 |
2007Q1C |
0.60 |
0.58 |
0.51 |
0.60 |
0.45 |
0.46 |
0.50 |
0.96 |
0.67 |
0.65 |
0.63 |
0.69 |
2007Q2A |
0.65 |
0.87 |
0.52 |
0.60 |
0.54 |
0.63 |
0.51 |
0.96 |
0.46 |
0.40 |
0.62 |
0.69 |
2007Q2B |
0.75 |
0.90 |
0.53 |
0.60 |
0.57 |
0.66 |
0.56 |
0.96 |
0.47 |
0.43 |
0.61 |
0.69 |
2007Q2C |
0.75 |
0.92 |
0.51 |
0.60 |
0.54 |
0.63 |
0.59 |
0.96 |
0.46 |
0.45 |
0.54 |
0.69 |
2007Q3A |
0.64 |
0.69 |
0.52 |
0.60 |
0.57 |
0.57 |
0.61 |
0.96 |
0.68 |
0.78 |
0.47 |
0.69 |
2007Q3B |
0.66 |
0.68 |
0.49 |
0.60 |
0.65 |
0.59 |
0.66 |
0.96 |
0.61 |
0.75 |
0.37 |
0.69 |
2007Q3C |
0.45 |
0.40 |
0.48 |
0.60 |
0.63 |
0.60 |
0.71 |
0.96 |
0.57 |
0.72 |
0.24 |
0.69 |
2007Q4A |
0.35 |
0.33 |
0.52 |
0.60 |
0.37 |
0.31 |
0.74 |
0.96 |
0.09 |
-0.07 |
0.23 |
0.69 |
2007Q4B |
0.31 |
0.33 |
0.53 |
0.60 |
0.37 |
0.34 |
0.82 |
0.96 |
0.24 |
0.09 |
0.24 |
0.69 |
2007Q4C |
0.32 |
0.35 |
0.58 |
0.60 |
0.39 |
0.39 |
0.89 |
0.96 |
0.52 |
0.75 |
0.35 |
0.69 |
Figure 8: Forecasts of GDP Growth during the Crisis
|
DSGE |
BVAR |
BC |
Actual |
DSGE |
BVAR |
BC |
Actual |
DSGE |
BVAR |
BC |
Actual |
2007Q1A |
0.88 |
1.17 |
0.76 |
0.14 |
1.04 |
1.09 |
0.64 |
-0.13 |
0.58 |
0.72 |
0.48 |
-1.40 |
2007Q1B |
0.91 |
1.19 |
0.76 |
0.14 |
1.06 |
1.09 |
0.60 |
-0.13 |
0.53 |
0.72 |
0.47 |
-1.40 |
2007Q1C |
0.91 |
1.19 |
0.74 |
0.14 |
1.05 |
1.31 |
0.58 |
-0.13 |
0.58 |
0.73 |
0.36 |
-1.40 |
2007Q2A |
0.69 |
0.90 |
0.73 |
0.14 |
0.92 |
1.25 |
0.57 |
-0.13 |
0.76 |
0.96 |
0.27 |
-1.40 |
2007Q2B |
0.58 |
0.90 |
0.71 |
0.14 |
0.89 |
1.30 |
0.60 |
-0.13 |
0.75 |
1.03 |
0.27 |
-1.40 |
2007Q2C |
0.67 |
0.89 |
0.70 |
0.14 |
0.89 |
1.30 |
0.53 |
-0.13 |
0.68 |
0.75 |
-0.03 |
-1.40 |
2007Q3A |
0.74 |
1.06 |
0.67 |
0.14 |
0.70 |
1.02 |
0.42 |
-0.13 |
0.52 |
0.71 |
-0.37 |
-1.40 |
2007Q3B |
0.71 |
1.05 |
0.53 |
0.14 |
0.77 |
1.01 |
0.37 |
-0.13 |
0.61 |
0.68 |
-0.60 |
-1.40 |
2007Q3C |
0.86 |
1.04 |
0.45 |
0.14 |
0.66 |
1.00 |
0.33 |
-0.13 |
0.62 |
0.68 |
-0.83 |
-1.40 |
2007Q4A |
0.72 |
1.14 |
0.42 |
0.14 |
1.12 |
1.21 |
0.30 |
-0.13 |
-0.12 |
-0.32 |
-1.25 |
-1.40 |
2007Q4B |
0.75 |
1.12 |
0.21 |
0.14 |
1.13 |
1.48 |
0.24 |
-0.13 |
-0.29 |
-0.74 |
-1.35 |
-1.40 |
2007Q4C |
0.78 |
1.00 |
0.32 |
0.14 |
1.07 |
1.14 |
-0.08 |
-0.13 |
-0.78 |
-0.69 |
-1.29 |
-1.40 |