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Finance and Economics Discussion Series: Data for paper 001124

Misallocation and Financial Market Frictions: Some Direct Evidence from the Dispersion in Borrowing Costs

Simon Gilchrist, Jae W. Sim, and Egon Zakrajsek

Figure 1: Growth of Real Sales in U.S. Manufacturing

Date Access to bond mrkt growth rate All growth rate
1985-04-01 3.3978359926703 0.591713039601949
1985-07-01 -3.25485983787033 0.048927574611568
1985-10-01 3.92670279658525 3.70190973391527
1986-01-01 -1.80981956136375 -5.20060759417476
1986-04-01 -0.137875176591251 -3.19709038597296
1986-07-01 -2.53266554215461 0.576428348175462
1986-10-01 1.02686259730991 0.923372638076536
1987-01-01 4.66558497368226 1.71897408438539
1987-04-01 1.53256594749109 2.96395826273876
1987-07-01 7.14976182220255 3.08749691391377
1987-10-01 1.4484220225599 0.638675508041331
1988-01-01 2.17658678491883 4.3341805224248
1988-04-01 -0.686869501200071 2.24747715801161
1988-07-01 3.07850531681169 -0.938196688688997
1988-10-01 0.183232349233897 1.98081044309681
1989-01-01 0.637891538020696 1.4852813119365
1989-04-01 3.35552753010546 1.46141712138483
1989-07-01 -3.13941960169934 -2.25967869217474
1989-10-01 -1.85684264237107 0.409890396093182
1990-01-01 5.17681129907999 2.2291221495669
1990-04-01 1.85693689941129 -0.0506160376005482
1990-07-01 4.16965686924229 3.1067524075949
1990-10-01 8.44684711835804 1.85285963913913
1991-01-01 -10.6488403096645 -7.06204085568096
1991-04-01 -1.97827020936021 -1.6299896185199
1991-07-01 1.5350299482817 0.104633235350882
1991-10-01 5.82265153009747 0.980555969346497
1992-01-01 -5.71192803929765 0.0145948146967001
1992-04-01 7.89813625761724 1.75368197361596
1992-07-01 -1.83551722417139 2.06074789373982
1992-10-01 -8.50061005745832 -2.1559208781003
1993-01-01 6.34754065462602 -0.25555227917593
1993-04-01 7.23468451476386 1.71256737131618
1993-07-01 -8.54886554053564 -1.46469528122406
1993-10-01 -2.05818514382727 0.906077886536139
1994-01-01 6.85607924652487 2.41872847116458
1994-04-01 -0.17943540568357 2.55707705417212
1994-07-01 6.80160223041355 3.04872907846025
1994-10-01 3.46682017930586 2.1576922634118
1995-01-01 1.44904180663836 3.06977217693181
1995-04-01 -4.30285315851489 0.609178560569568
1995-07-01 5.06782542984023 -0.119425053980393
1995-10-01 9.01342696827232 0.52040895085792
1996-01-01 0.138752619139559 2.95695124484219
1996-04-01 -4.64661409983567 2.40224233418243
1996-07-01 4.9411041085353 0.679059067312515
1996-10-01 -0.0707926890004984 3.6588831438106
1997-01-01 -1.6560778821054 -2.24096513048426
1997-04-01 -0.170537774845769 -1.44063581713354
1997-07-01 -2.68610668205103 0.300147144830554
1997-10-01 4.06386043722051 3.19757655934279
1998-01-01 -2.47458692535059 -2.10069733151848
1998-04-01 4.93028557610877 -2.40775873226617
1998-07-01 2.4621662552228 5.63371008211622
1998-10-01 -0.16862033532643 -5.04065871605874
1999-01-01 -0.635263350113036 -0.849280926892071
1999-04-01 -0.213961363020587 2.80278767132032
1999-07-01 6.9409444804494 4.10360838145589
1999-10-01 -2.3554185190271 2.46583120801258
2000-01-01 13.2761369670137 2.98241859683301
2000-04-01 -3.89320441434542 -0.23316152430457
2000-07-01 -1.20494156220232 -0.567213188435289
2000-10-01 -4.05475426598727 -4.77596879503253
2001-01-01 -3.35486641607652 -0.0585995268519213
2001-04-01 -2.92904796236382 -2.59757628625223
2001-07-01 -0.330478092413067 -7.61117755432466
2001-10-01 -12.5474095601382 -2.69615677494066
2002-01-01 6.0625104406629 -1.82190111776777
2002-04-01 9.89572152932841 4.07352015357443
2002-07-01 -7.70902564422524 0.0285515701001771
2002-10-01 7.28419297749721 2.72705943233404
2003-01-01 4.15951569916686 1.04729477592773
2003-04-01 1.9195442165671 -0.937942007200832
2003-07-01 2.00523510257167 3.62255539508425
2003-10-01 4.29692258736392 3.42717022803871
2004-01-01 4.61136538205658 4.96342967307086
2004-04-01 2.72199914453903 0.945532266771032
2004-07-01 0.671053375724107 1.83152370622981
2004-10-01 8.14542753074718 2.77225305611477
2005-01-01 -7.75176335851011 1.14959131388552
2005-04-01 2.73411101113457 1.30476078940926
2005-07-01 -1.23610879359646 0.619484011007643
2005-10-01 -5.32621111051341 0.391655214680142
2006-01-01 5.34015597265185 0.324901484871098
2006-04-01 3.1973389925934 -0.294271905182519
2006-07-01 -2.07242872574156 0.283790824468433
2006-10-01 2.94617843845053 -0.527366148026331
2007-01-01 -1.75124159039939 0.384530566149444
2007-04-01 1.39655501580869 1.37477560723376
2007-07-01 3.93651656626712 0.432701869344676
2007-10-01 6.0390572994395 4.91536822717151
2008-01-01 9.47311497365639 6.08124427026784
2008-04-01 -0.823789242996043 2.52328820185213
2008-07-01 -7.48047836188377 -3.17819950093003
2008-10-01 -14.7327138064473 -21.0816168847726
2009-01-01 -19.9132717142211 -10.2501865924602
2009-04-01 7.34172780399298 -3.71292712558287
2009-07-01 6.75595349179527 7.23610994018298
2009-10-01 4.82149214887251 4.89603703455455
2010-01-01 3.8161126548145 5.30730746122057
2010-04-01 0.651406727869563 -0.564422767126871
2010-07-01 1.57255085888348 0.147641409542665
2010-10-01 4.89192041987199 5.23481581419123

Figure 2: Distribution of Firm-Level Borrowing Costs

Credit spread
2.88278498433679
0.858198788316451
0.911645668960992
1.12232130962163
3.79003986871777
1.11326912773736
0.882876976151359
5.03129117755388
4.94717707309426
1.72021520037894
7.43113670761118
3.12654107495541
1.26058200765943
1.42228119465287
3.26714110801561
2.1814989332125
1.74688458116882
2.02767953234142
5.96424629326453
1.24101640100692
6.23406126178018
2.24703344519629
1.14481951981917
4.08373335562528
1.64361600053599
1.546916692326
3.38721750368266
1.40566731678739
1.20308885068967
2.39461115891884
2.36591271141674
1.47147024990039
1.71886339863645
0.68748758761161
6.23027867370339
6.78844667602118
2.1056848995263
1.99646892686632
1.2086260198199
2.50503511313409
3.80964273698412
0.906484722061353
1.30901239890447
6.50207471222036
0.924347846917277
1.0382295419333
1.17497342662776
1.87616065280169
3.78585743389837
2.11717738769532
2.1719140978202
5.9113220638701
3.92006671363785
4.43185956292372
1.03115581337642
2.53144717127407
3.56186956478334
2.30795012902673
2.47264255555013
5.20071207939991
5.24925714553226
4.32493196944676
1.69666996312477
1.60560506703879
3.56928285497595
1.16598517715434
5.93240520159874
7.89525039215792
1.00612813685298
5.11962971835495
1.74220076421056
1.64408481487207
3.43771923376863
1.7114496237182
6.60995769749423
1.28655307440655
4.24682907547873
1.17403710311321
1.87302309459903
2.21500578555706
3.65059117176896
4.87548967367744
2.72066579410504
2.7762477756775
2.46386874868649
3.56793305816469
3.63201940775656
3.96051176488162
2.26257696646538
5.24600954185036
4.63709469614204
2.79975824441298
5.6490288077457
3.36270051145934
3.18460544323911
3.49347594856723
3.61459913905518
4.59426938178551
2.70803497612861
4.10735706773428
3.97531940316531
3.89528960178815
3.76411220774675
8.52395979608945
2.70074668374894
2.47803218806709
2.60054409886775
3.75934551082453
5.1950025624025
5.97275219322126
3.38607451204469
3.53594598421095
5.95894719770318
3.19877193728607
5.3014377889497
3.82256158504918
4.14512475603011
5.38503224506114
8.61826729466446
0.714482380729051
0.598783154226433
0.839892091700027
0.757524105228903
1.18030935747549
2.47275291298114
2.09319123118407
1.36574159895699
0.939022552818825
0.498431982957076
0.427597818465323
0.946217803653399
3.51722501962161
2.28954376220781
1.23741646267604
1.61267332001604
0.730850345819292
1.17963104836214
0.977041958303896
2.67587943148494
2.81249337769598
0.982718696136534
0.87164668270284
1.32731938589063
3.07258803366267
1.34789183996755
0.898906034747236
1.86388755999777
1.03515481728401
2.4918449850999
2.81117390669308
0.803473699750964
1.01760408710222
2.35378529625996
1.95002541126315
0.764587088183583
2.24124287898348
0.743099860460319
1.1360727745641
2.10836973869075
1.00001850268985
5.30922172355206
1.17022336097487
1.43636083488467
1.06724555698088
2.25574656881507
1.46157799415308
2.53154432231237
0.85836585960601
1.34440887633249
0.60300922613665
0.871538614913569
0.765573434615726
1.1820960765879
0.743883464746846
1.9487110285441
1.35421522397789
1.62053033878255
0.769950695163902
3.50102657324507
5.09061682525835
3.0984171577194
1.34379373554968
2.31590507069042
1.14810772753649
1.88030454247262
0.974078154990473
1.23828534795018
1.51939035944817
1.57150785069058
0.999627626056309
1.1521771515553
0.422767773310638
0.805980723844441
1.82870818330158
1.01297679062397
2.25249718990266
0.780461469084619
4.14401335954298
4.01299158315534
0.362332429615693
1.37647853939154
9.18112384951969
2.92016171101378
1.88313344711595
0.678219127383119
3.12625038372713
2.43185604653226
1.50918018232931
4.6414715339927
0.774688275964521
0.343045954140842
1.02382697111062
1.72733773765052
1.11999301583277
2.59496794320024
0.521670898821809
2.36561192035152
1.60293868173788
3.77616057471551
1.935120731247
1.56777108891291
0.842427721417945
1.00174678152161
1.18323614200298
1.10246069401217
2.83795474478986
0.936451270594747
2.3401589332374
0.933312417376395
1.04697532782637
0.701220685544559
1.74195580549282
1.13586277857452
1.16458358745365
1.92379750223601
1.14579003955089
2.98976484259127
0.628675868994835
0.917136859812436
4.2560427362758
3.71700561520811
2.47038533604858
0.71524592902754
1.12031804264377
1.25586311282638
1.72117442138871
1.43683819994268
0.713871037223413
1.4662165271083
0.902046207852431
3.39125083620115
2.47640603231504
1.29632489956017
0.891149815936831
4.67291968679851
0.63958758193886
1.13726231641162
3.6458016787677
0.963131332862742
0.972776091886597
3.93611803207577
1.53226433040522
0.872863490276382
2.82385326033864
0.740428931312557
0.796250857397159
1.71167257377335
1.95423839646461
1.49086264609746
0.901287530429648
1.40705655691011
0.718151783406772
0.922425010793565
1.46667281724384
0.673784359400643
1.43047941256334
1.4101601809552
1.74795507214867
2.13876633281284
3.96052272608303
1.03833718031358
4.19585878804399
4.14132647321843
1.45772672929955
0.881607737294147
1.12774681698367
7.36519045106273
1.9863377232663
1.38451766884157
1.39668448326418
4.05487532255882
1.05223274926052
2.33693241511357
1.0198483888479
1.70065444480023
0.629641161762191
0.597226424236989
1.27675125093764
1.38581555766902
3.5897719140383
4.05382985437826
1.0257909815544
1.76939353735504
1.11446474360535
1.86432131072285
0.69599243234543
0.85795123904565
1.29889474478398
1.18516544681437
0.915986590882915
0.475376943545749
1.33380266542563
3.62332401476173
0.641652852001728
3.8522537440792
1.3322771058385
1.32309414386967
0.994623992904286
3.29801834867429
1.23400700737364
1.90813493907577
2.78349218538354
0.955714935988816
4.59190255374199
1.39487384040682
1.12032315790846
1.72591207582599
2.74204532976673
1.73588732207537
1.51372692616906
4.59428872575868
1.18999764821412
3.84122903858535
0.829345738129912
1.38058344018021
2.05950889404763
2.15652490537688
3.69083293107573
1.02206783172586
1.07515096755249
1.62432563255886
3.42075790860358
0.711963456107974
1.58186657910734
3.34595503094462
3.8752731546691
1.12857978767645
2.00992873253918
1.45812852296008
3.76502204443857
1.3947424826999
3.88314882015174
0.447310752452739
1.68308089370753
1.37478620809626
5.98150902176703
1.88175286581772
1.62878654509978
0.86069596356787
2.21875587749406
3.72882239379704
1.86152017162472
4.12886128234117
2.46361880398661
4.91402178262415
1.73781461932681
0.715090717541647
1.14223429448706
0.860151994288829
1.15690022610176
3.34791731751021
0.911610298213987
0.579755828902539
0.37710978221244
2.26652391829183
1.75234827302953
1.58735802441044
0.884125198327272
1.18962897778231
1.01480020215778
0.938127255285639
0.59153541224905
1.85747847969044
1.70833400703934
1.06002287327836
1.371532116318
1.24658560473208
0.48584630541275
1.62221093362007
4.23411331558881
2.29255310506628
1.00949832986765
1.38225033444077
3.80855619149201
2.06897664992113
0.754094224298031
3.10141568415139
1.49504359362292
2.20167617683621
1.98621089657713
2.56443408529846
6.34832905843654
4.18051370020794
6.42118528297942
3.72299376611233
1.04941317410623
4.0456080268102
4.67250337791522
2.69701438431104
3.802235795633
3.94737700333088
0.979195950348818
1.36244041862824
1.23435181948098
2.24521331498785
2.33445028670115
3.15342136969589
1.34734550649977
1.01131665106367
3.66300874226706
1.62154977603939
2.25648878016633
1.68605065388196
3.61946546639051
3.27954536568814
2.17960602230612
0.986477972666703
3.60770370660942
2.88465398750549
0.937012286477488
7.41165267641677
5.01868671804129
1.41349399546771
0.656668242541718
1.98154330488135
4.1499706303808
3.71476549677153
4.0075406457267
4.19775519684901
1.22359008643403
2.79988537379757
2.37478200151204
2.74807660273073
0.662210064399446
2.20046287441038
4.27036178583386
3.4561770011529
1.64403831112641
2.42678353551281
1.75061764601512
3.7039921589155
2.76147176684652
4.08378431799436
4.26047935266713
5.84258610851271
3.73969550328893
2.8383304016379
3.53226296322875
1.6229401667707
2.89146769056682
4.6930203676679
3.12314719558787
4.28489356610379
2.3892639864744
1.0366048724863
3.39536936618702
2.42508353440142
1.08373858229081
3.63508691827741
3.21467843651678
4.28997457359512
5.20750382564609
1.27465927651755
1.29705303934604
0.809342280607598
1.15866945659025
2.93083851024478
3.00800365110939
5.80206146856946
1.33676365028374
2.18882428392632
1.81206646601168
1.23628278747312
3.62637435192017
4.87385082073273
6.06197126059141
3.22008955409648
3.62232711493302
5.03676440826159
2.07984158157044
3.95124561333729
6.24911279394538
4.76609967965284
5.40213981415308
7.18814656484048
0.985484624450669
1.87642520607205

Figure 3: Firm-Level Borrowing Costs and Firm Size

Real sales Credit spread
7.61574359533025 2.86753682894088
8.12991118983535 0.855483811730899
7.10589484660469 0.910247667507786
7.20277208192038 1.11553150354557
7.23833648159005 4.23502851677001
7.79386964764445 1.09669248940004
5.63398736727879 0.891767604670282
5.68724520262333 4.8990340263694
6.00806503217686 5.24313370816735
6.20913356904893 1.7291198190272
3.72457752723591 7.47789826981297
6.7423849498774 3.12679596715579
5.61964878141773 1.25037992135673
6.88264376475339 1.43026918697823
5.88681975160734 3.4112687605884
6.61297846846638 2.1814989332125
6.98116624266657 1.73781921799419
6.45874348908356 2.02767953234142
5.04900046785502 6.15704829703203
7.85543094085502 1.18338474577462
3.89526578787985 6.87718865020447
6.00260499005514 2.29696230904431
7.57084807393361 1.12078054751245
6.03962586599715 4.07759812584206
7.07372285691039 1.61511591850223
5.12922083635338 1.49979302293608
6.52977723227856 3.51665141444504
6.47983959539609 1.36843091859138
8.09536505686583 1.18014852122501
5.26949280201183 2.35031046302671
5.93393686534964 2.34151754115838
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6.79423920582918 3.79010357259453
5.05773868346213 5.00719243363725
5.99381003654187 2.04612833129786
4.16344448373271 4.37157858577124
4.65706095170574 6.21335976603734
6.87900749350859 4.71307222710099
7.23617119087337 5.77299003254075
5.32702864870451 6.93410625003796
8.73640490669985 0.980748327106741
7.15524000728647 2.00309912158787

Figure 4: Residual Credit Spreads and Firm Size

Real sales Residual credit spread
7.61574359533025 0.681649359808719
8.12991118983535 0.110376246192598
7.10589484660469 -1.14302449444082
7.20277208192038 -0.329801001290741
7.23833648159005 1.20652924549661
7.79386964764445 -0.392368469677692
5.63398736727879 -0.119035543069839
5.68724520262333 1.16634065179146
6.00806503217686 1.26114810285958
6.20913356904893 0.228448410961667
3.72457752723591 2.89340325532498
6.7423849498774 -1.14022253266754
5.61964878141773 -1.24596628855715
6.88264376475339 0.0792831714586164
5.88681975160734 0.330892908261643
6.61297846846638 -0.306042689163493
6.98116624266657 0.109921838937656
6.45874348908356 -1.01321511413272
5.04900046785502 2.65617420279496
7.85543094085502 -0.459218738449509
3.89526578787985 2.47868038094033
6.00260499005514 0.349297954068337
7.57084807393361 -1.41159739845895
6.03962586599715 0.655714332958891
7.07372285691039 -0.0436062408513796
5.12922083635338 0.353252282826192
6.52977723227856 1.1349884008341
6.47983959539609 -0.403769435868609
8.09536505686583 -0.775372875290128
5.26949280201183 0.56928748695767
5.93393686534964 0.752618307247255
5.91641203323895 0.466947948136098
7.35426518452741 -0.576607316177745
7.93720365130591 -0.90577304209644
6.85997507708997 1.98701911572467
1.3165081101963 3.63906521484235
6.28664966018655 -0.206972598234357
6.51966491346519 -0.0622774905434228
5.96970444051558 -0.294452312579449
6.37458699322582 0.204810625266072
7.84570042092882 1.22365001205147
6.29607128292773 -0.46378735717422
6.65390924981403 -0.103642449710751
5.57423700989136 2.40281420079547
7.04811071729828 -1.14239931601773
5.68417583579986 -1.27843676948774
8.28095492661332 -0.265195927804047
6.96017674466279 -0.236399739196418
5.10529495299381 0.424647807874558
8.29007312750875 -0.644393753239419
5.54163587013072 0.155603863887853
5.44690523608628 2.18413842039939
5.20319026655587 0.798241800362363
6.24609516976328 1.90020435112792
6.85739365521781 -0.485059269787941
6.28777060622825 0.564051311654542
4.88577470864281 1.60039183081389
7.58128559725259 0.562157913467834
6.03087589137176 0.344398454566737
5.32750552880867 2.14379736966909
5.52274671763943 1.93170378004489
5.49243747488889 0.916572221813564
6.72399359225014 -0.216575790208415
6.71520461221878 -0.266611759489509
5.30512272905582 1.28631441804515
8.73811776542365 -0.161373529119991
5.98403524802166 2.68978529891223
5.28795991779588 3.4745153227952
6.87360573354918 -1.06621886923424
5.1745208648225 2.10785225304414
8.11446186681305 -0.522042487514374
6.37707132354228 0.0690310278028071
6.45512211490631 0.409870541354477
9.22117680728741 0.137720765709681
5.48564082161762 2.95178943801943
5.35947899336833 -0.747812648568854
7.94618123907764 0.794838683711833
9.07599674607921 -0.782528351726561
5.93830229210516 -0.475699981091054
5.19349817083735 0.751898424550402
5.73542586250946 0.178324092630451
4.24692677364627 1.6262774870493
6.92017869172768 0.191709133033273
6.2413183499333 -0.271371593295224
7.31159339227286 -0.0600956408335852
6.93462507188349 0.875692815454636
5.48812850656699 -0.00740600699900914
3.86593791151687 2.83954319727674
5.82294931652451 0.589877646818949
4.48115202654185 1.79049523363548
7.17687433387695 1.20418021010352
7.80456712861403 0.0830103470851227
5.27057100107374 1.96282385078975
4.41564104514289 1.11022691767696
6.18133349427862 0.744466569699139
5.01665807099412 1.87468892242137
5.62994107391722 0.241068498464852
4.17375447370574 1.74602315500037
6.09743260385572 -0.347604303151373
4.46377311808444 1.17644442178554
6.99280952961159 1.10594665738833
7.35849382715281 0.772602081888409
4.91758047384722 0.904749684246515
6.67441999299124 4.7753144458621
4.32127730186172 -1.10028696518806
6.1561991101537 0.459006487387415
6.94832311412785 -0.502653171255715
4.37331715736255 1.6318775373007
6.05708111913425 1.2084987268271
4.84208014345307 2.34814508033189
5.87735194713571 0.413846341378178
7.86615414545731 0.485412247830381
6.23216551563017 1.94684746304677
3.5653397228912 -0.0280789244621334
6.37966935057421 0.780884207831724
6.61764330278461 0.846277971496405
6.52931060318985 2.0779005374258
6.2903976031784 1.39169775461082
4.12221855059068 4.44438983048408
6.94701802904851 0.216319844229659
8.15197816405807 -0.266003829875287
7.22173625193233 -0.360246952358904
5.9927364228745 -0.0352869370604728
8.32768373291687 -0.421364361297261
6.93362555918902 0.111298129388497
8.37157859635765 0.0321243775398961
7.45663347270888 -0.201522026303133
8.29704395521361 -0.294388979536573
7.11009390334608 -0.00589987274550816
8.96803139018764 -0.394078767958468
8.51921348728345 -0.636367552695692
6.45398370917636 0.784382019675476
6.79674845950363 -1.16788957478807
6.54792188342515 -0.458425651268673
6.43026541747279 -0.353197021562178
8.56697426606733 -0.0577796392625209
7.57239528860285 -0.527905840704658
7.16096362815194 -0.685393476708461
7.20946135500625 0.492473303638471
6.2123388311628 0.794006989321391
7.71905931021098 -0.322782017512252
6.73481191118473 -0.0874227763964983
6.54872764664124 0.0124638811391916
7.28295166539197 0.679621493976988
7.21175655644096 -0.707794565180262
9.41168295210448 -0.527073325120817
7.39083318146536 -0.353385508689921
7.55455971456592 -0.526008339182941
6.31898002469426 0.356140296516463
6.13749551688638 0.577342545009521
8.29166297632376 -0.382476809787364
6.29143803883497 -0.947326850457377
6.25126575195952 0.522365868524607
6.83837771350545 0.145257977001711
7.79215383459516 0.252079283303233
6.33307448451147 0.0139535964961413
7.50095070927754 -0.520299763428182
6.01464511713834 0.364128883889102
5.37332050075724 1.11633018215806
8.55887265754983 -1.00224836276067
5.87196945687489 2.3329730025541
7.4069351070004 -0.403464236195958
5.69631149822662 0.0397155674019983
9.77122132107033 -0.139466430501354
9.31182813472302 -0.397533109076294
6.10398742588838 -0.127564173588332
5.85562842031516 0.790214659569602
6.83970856871208 -0.349056933109866
8.04930249077199 -0.115563112651738
8.62747115798036 -0.469250702384474
8.05712722613126 -1.52704041496458
7.93795513906968 -0.425924593717101
8.5038772506782 -0.840294677174206
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4.57000176835166 -1.13722761111391
6.97975104269438 0.122176328415633
6.16455930807968 -0.0924374168926928
6.59656194806123 -0.0923950180825568
6.03397068368029 2.25069606531743
7.50419544855213 0.456777686173033
7.79881484887242 0.0416842643254737
7.63484795336521 -0.322701342003586
7.45075152615865 -0.244765213360406
6.13886745192481 0.0491427339131546
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6.74797388273378 -0.261404676817115
8.21425208462626 0.03866388864876
7.41964864081888 -0.0583031296906356
7.20541860093898 -0.41325526969776
8.87095865851136 -0.334459971517778
7.50716208782055 -0.178204454340591
9.08386410053748 -0.541758483368293
8.21247085419665 -0.0836317328780802
7.62126390540695 -0.329314210638723
4.33273972151249 -0.105208828927104
8.3550300116628 -0.62783631051865
5.83069262447131 0.746592404521776
5.73956574903253 1.15116546313368
10.4374375472491 -0.179043656998031
7.02449537613988 -0.460125232970027
4.14882812093613 4.86009215789214
6.14743779709559 1.04903917611978
6.01410617163634 -0.143404792757523
5.97507639159913 0.116732406750023
6.53764722653514 1.27606623164632
10.5003227104384 -0.612454169733053
6.44567090772131 -0.511335580341114
5.56226782923498 1.34827165431216
8.70821627658757 -1.07037892011844
9.79657762171981 -1.44146542722011
7.69627906162431 0.0463779849872289
10.6968540787708 -1.40099846880416
6.351128668359 0.367599605616443
8.31530033810763 0.413966020424363
7.78912435402797 -0.480890888284624
5.24797027602532 0.111598085408921
7.00780867115067 -0.393981807048324
8.32229543853994 0.510787682505284
7.32712434479389 0.325446757749053
5.98805630173927 -0.430952446002862
6.87999121592483 -0.598692518894552
6.23852741037878 0.168792179320352
6.84482684405538 -0.305511460968485
6.25493451295746 -0.405218357660325
6.78028770539211 0.327956213734455
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7.06962885094065 -0.422556913057329
9.92884922623988 -1.07602066433061
6.13189601657612 0.0500156840094231
7.71443654480992 0.874102308234565
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7.65482024095917 -0.286529357479635
7.26336593145558 -0.194514675451377
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6.79138995710817 3.05918155370817
5.47134367507325 0.713914605679475
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6.27235343352502 1.18144379929604
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5.53898946658782 1.32937050522832
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5.83567537347099 -1.22779599108197
6.57754603909122 1.148354521409
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8.38932811690015 -0.451649138115842
6.07719419047277 0.103322457822179
8.09103331376429 -1.08970757361337
3.98828628141479 3.19746057321046
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5.94120081510605 -0.656543242356656
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5.61753287278863 1.23173430533382
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6.22379210606334 -1.09814016036621
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4.75008242942289 1.18271250404337
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7.28137194088411 -0.120721948320098
4.0380343203961 2.72609508985019
5.29906542976332 0.826241359315955
6.28515986206243 -0.295331549620799
5.77107487446474 0.111004903811383
8.28751628630588 0.471801841169671
5.77337066739542 0.801066966425954
7.38197647852527 -1.16086589967975
6.95408646122 2.74593636313698
5.49997056388865 1.13038167335351
6.69686235937861 -0.000258106074761736
7.81788606828081 -1.26347710546636
7.6343598421205 0.302226599436196
5.04001056607985 1.17361719778426
5.48288938040235 1.30482433190788
5.32600212527694 0.673113243837495
5.16702629665723 1.15902996824809
7.39186066780388 -0.526863039630572
6.97007097814216 0.799180014994277
6.45081326080856 -0.602026840753486
8.38113290510674 0.499398980115283
5.86689859220436 -0.725080381378649
5.95932404299349 0.250621274513695
4.49067371458659 1.43431591384275
6.21336397170008 0.205871050150183
6.08829186132366 -0.545761049879419
6.28954308265156 0.887813159055363
6.66905543296546 -0.116156832426026
6.80478985106906 0.399199498336439
5.8987676715407 0.0753670873389782
6.5241309794314 0.819936497709308
7.35067207830544 0.908092730140333
5.11272583644096 2.52187085584746
5.72803667958466 1.25457142032082
6.35555086292018 0.696986790176282
5.59166350100159 0.449975845554427
5.86827661305034 -0.0618387997449127
6.50287415613809 0.0397578289429297
5.93323269941282 1.80168754741346
6.32725353796177 0.00430947886366331
6.5503732581903 1.0378271400466
8.91376499972393 -0.433802643612381
7.90956603758734 -1.30098633533907
7.5908940664033 1.09294368221231
6.64130313824037 0.0393206577218864
5.42535957591547 -1.08792697024331
7.10016337177263 0.374459108407151
5.63089609044785 0.978341795437467
8.27789827299313 0.258503447279472
6.39277039100796 1.6094960760233
7.53093913362263 -0.485401015400752
9.08243884673379 -1.2169133436567
6.82798491484151 -0.821169650775117
6.88369526554578 -0.446339767614345
6.61646248611221 -0.34260388661632
6.3026190304861 0.173557377130347
7.71274928664142 2.38811607460701
7.88345844832784 -0.689514749081405
8.06350916342922 -0.525486872059016
6.6574161595061 -0.050759118512874
7.31098852907776 -0.305353045764762
6.51585086375331 1.13264144654333
5.24710595966607 2.0062012647342
4.74053773024582 1.65856766775338
7.55071899272969 0.377124374050469
6.79423920582918 0.49326321644044
5.05773868346213 2.09077913857217
5.99381003654187 0.457430398364012
4.16344448373271 2.02581374331647
4.65706095170574 1.82540265959887
6.87900749350859 1.45862280614838
7.23617119087337 1.30514910121186
5.32702864870451 2.26522675878204
8.73640490669985 -0.644508778663969
7.15524000728647 -0.818801603931831

Figure 5: Dispersion of Firm-Level Borrowing Costs in U.S. Manufacturing

Date Real interest rates 90th percentile Real interest rates Median Real interest rates 10th percentile
1985-01-01 8.50548678421249 7.381580666958 7.02721019722172
1985-04-01 7.81417430667786 6.66064688674178 6.20851569431465
1985-07-01 7.19056740594636 5.99656230506276 5.61841407037414
1985-10-01 6.95605580905264 5.8853202037771 5.09133663537865
1986-01-01 7.31103766196682 5.47937034836205 4.56528263664377
1986-04-01 7.11670712694996 4.87141675536122 3.74232165804093
1986-07-01 7.53719186342604 4.95815262565117 3.89428603967688
1986-10-01 7.20388034690921 4.65853675685547 3.51493699900671
1987-01-01 6.36107201670341 3.92148549775946 2.92286480858812
1987-04-01 7.52616730982082 4.77022145558802 3.98033018681422
1987-07-01 6.81425830820533 4.97897243477818 4.29187909852113
1987-10-01 7.82164676344306 5.79439201883301 4.94082949989333
1988-01-01 7.30195547581634 4.94354640782795 4.15595860880895
1988-04-01 6.86751540707358 5.40670528704734 4.7257761158677
1988-07-01 6.95899032811761 5.66438095476473 5.03840759414866
1988-10-01 7.33163474485571 5.86986617151049 5.30958214744794
1989-01-01 7.66825158167682 6.08425304502834 5.55918770913106
1989-04-01 7.87980636613479 5.75431025017643 5.22131620518331
1989-07-01 7.26484938372469 5.27140915733107 4.76883774401977
1989-10-01 7.09812371103847 5.35806407431938 4.87148783244794
1990-01-01 7.51090680533017 5.95509384164881 5.48516061943081
1990-04-01 7.38807450695558 5.87653526414422 5.43903103829404
1990-07-01 6.78358682330738 5.86997096040234 5.41718465875767
1990-10-01 7.26198118160303 5.93296833728194 5.39025514411588
1991-01-01 6.82321497410009 5.46257763350191 4.9658516214462
1991-04-01 6.54967549041407 5.3441667704933 4.8858426096679
1991-07-01 6.40878430572097 5.40948892772815 5.04303606250051
1991-10-01 6.01584177421014 4.98161233367305 4.55077127970739
1992-01-01 6.18582002315105 5.25531614859683 4.79393633792323
1992-04-01 6.03205634860869 4.93125594407636 4.59663570909036
1992-07-01 6.85502687563186 4.52685134038726 4.06993156867389
1992-10-01 6.68576310671774 4.81372277129062 4.23069815698015
1993-01-01 6.75185930977713 4.4281071403811 3.92070605434113
1993-04-01 6.55192123642573 3.92798759183684 3.43772446902716
1993-07-01 6.38528899008784 3.72191785304794 3.2348719964719
1993-10-01 6.37461114176195 3.72479654633685 3.13314596512115
1994-01-01 6.18966456583138 4.08194799901351 3.59574925158107
1994-04-01 7.31913300568384 5.00195287226651 4.55425343959986
1994-07-01 7.65741801405879 5.15106881094503 4.79222044670966
1994-10-01 7.79314545752316 5.6827253862817 5.33589134544874
1995-01-01 8.08471835409542 5.51431694593522 5.18518454601098
1995-04-01 7.51189975858784 4.58308967211406 4.30137059872035
1995-07-01 7.51933547058054 4.4772059974394 4.14884329541402
1995-10-01 7.88766263204335 4.25547759642375 3.90129137162282
1996-01-01 7.75033279751337 4.28461838311681 3.90883884515014
1996-04-01 7.87762468513881 5.02507351616472 4.68878148845632
1996-07-01 7.57263883108587 5.00323498490966 4.69998133191606
1996-10-01 7.05280634817039 4.57634035177799 4.27177833555851
1997-01-01 6.85368914852747 4.75504854141479 4.46986262623806
1997-04-01 7.12110386520251 5.09887935410126 4.78713818388693
1997-07-01 6.6956573414827 4.51377548331384 4.20482967843342
1997-10-01 6.94411274402766 4.66095657410387 4.32470269050435
1998-01-01 6.53211127650924 4.50209114080653 4.13067767770078
1998-04-01 6.55182347290455 4.57028192939172 4.22228758141676
1998-07-01 7.44650385046678 4.65677425344564 4.11541974958979
1998-10-01 6.84715387226519 4.45769808508198 3.79732102365868
1999-01-01 6.66293862287282 4.93822215172892 4.22684160386034
1999-04-01 6.54459253051432 5.16679175977621 4.56791673450786
1999-07-01 7.47546889546969 5.72639909622807 5.12910143626865
1999-10-01 7.64757444042248 5.91090442053522 5.25280111203601
2000-01-01 8.055496156142 6.31702812694116 5.60991524548493
2000-04-01 8.7596880027326 6.53671685294675 5.55918677068419
2000-07-01 8.73363813626294 6.2677555126246 5.2754861560613
2000-10-01 9.57994822484821 6.15456175079198 4.95215216566904
2001-01-01 8.66262001563496 5.52814369601267 4.31324095956933
2001-04-01 8.1989406588682 5.56318032151929 4.50433578571323
2001-07-01 8.66148761724804 5.33482771508502 4.29568116942417
2001-10-01 8.69518815538654 5.31424176099643 3.9902460546706
2002-01-01 8.16431611265574 5.51721234432501 4.23236472903526
2002-04-01 8.04431754588682 5.17840153993012 4.20066113165386
2002-07-01 9.54938867646289 4.54040485280559 3.46006799329684
2002-10-01 9.69293644853121 4.30141195881305 3.16788360033213
2003-01-01 8.71267042515587 3.96422623741058 2.90667677564543
2003-04-01 7.62123131970166 3.1951157979203 2.43204624625522
2003-07-01 7.53997452615331 3.69210418422648 2.9577693790673
2003-10-01 6.56819051360054 3.63521013303038 2.92772150272054
2004-01-01 6.14970686193036 3.29119745275261 2.65375809048128
2004-04-01 6.30016544508988 3.92257886925205 3.27841386539381
2004-07-01 5.88216314807943 3.59225934272999 2.97731352465346
2004-10-01 5.01983745560365 3.33479464688256 2.79383934072264
2005-01-01 5.40045761472559 3.42520628770821 2.91829147325304
2005-04-01 6.35284598890715 3.40730499723909 2.78412052699826
2005-07-01 5.80600152091008 3.49297257423575 2.81240111854835
2005-10-01 6.93914485855607 3.91292184587275 3.17445181067635
2006-01-01 6.23621552736802 3.91267045161792 3.29027915472147
2006-04-01 6.32613436211437 4.38519706149377 3.79998619806182
2006-07-01 6.59402731316167 4.26693479526609 3.61989163343965
2006-10-01 6.1038097100499 4.01253653756877 3.35378575707852
2007-01-01 5.91695397467809 4.03388433980696 3.40004282366408
2007-04-01 5.82153001063316 4.26056191287068 3.60067778446369
2007-07-01 6.89631596119764 4.29127948963703 3.68851123511694
2007-10-01 7.28428852531015 4.07925539397123 3.4519625697669
2008-01-01 8.30686498290957 4.15230156741938 3.10323315372185
2008-04-01 7.9926540601843 4.49633582325562 3.32207480423171
2008-07-01 8.48500957290451 4.86045276805672 3.54480023054953
2008-10-01 10.3273507398592 6.49334224445078 4.50913455642514
2009-01-01 9.96086261510843 5.9055205379664 3.26619556882375
2009-04-01 9.41080855506353 5.84674160959056 2.98370258095424
2009-07-01 8.39749653940283 4.52541499654548 2.57589771793554
2009-10-01 7.68763809561186 3.98021265919042 2.43523875299922
2010-01-01 7.8072121167079 3.67823120233104 2.53016070872632
2010-04-01 7.2297032736268 3.43039700136118 2.21855203508678
2010-07-01 6.92884472016707 2.70233332917611 1.56288369693035
2010-10-01 5.70754516475937 2.74552925898511 1.7612544435854
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