Accessible Version of Figures from Lecture 4

Federal Funds Rate

Target rate

Date Target rate, percent Upper bound Lower bound
8-Jan-03 1.25 ND ND
15-Jan-03 1.25 ND ND
22-Jan-03 1.25 ND ND
29-Jan-03 1.25 ND ND
5-Feb-03 1.25 ND ND
12-Feb-03 1.25 ND ND
19-Feb-03 1.25 ND ND
26-Feb-03 1.25 ND ND
5-Mar-03 1.25 ND ND
12-Mar-03 1.25 ND ND
19-Mar-03 1.25 ND ND
26-Mar-03 1.25 ND ND
2-Apr-03 1.25 ND ND
9-Apr-03 1.25 ND ND
16-Apr-03 1.25 ND ND
23-Apr-03 1.25 ND ND
30-Apr-03 1.25 ND ND
7-May-03 1.25 ND ND
14-May-03 1.25 ND ND
21-May-03 1.25 ND ND
28-May-03 1.25 ND ND
4-Jun-03 1.25 ND ND
11-Jun-03 1.25 ND ND
18-Jun-03 1.25 ND ND
25-Jun-03 1.21 ND ND
2-Jul-03 1 ND ND
9-Jul-03 1 ND ND
16-Jul-03 1 ND ND
23-Jul-03 1 ND ND
30-Jul-03 1 ND ND
6-Aug-03 1 ND ND
13-Aug-03 1 ND ND
20-Aug-03 1 ND ND
27-Aug-03 1 ND ND
3-Sep-03 1 ND ND
10-Sep-03 1 ND ND
17-Sep-03 1 ND ND
24-Sep-03 1 ND ND
1-Oct-03 1 ND ND
8-Oct-03 1 ND ND
15-Oct-03 1 ND ND
22-Oct-03 1 ND ND
29-Oct-03 1 ND ND
5-Nov-03 1 ND ND
12-Nov-03 1 ND ND
19-Nov-03 1 ND ND
26-Nov-03 1 ND ND
3-Dec-03 1 ND ND
10-Dec-03 1 ND ND
17-Dec-03 1 ND ND
24-Dec-03 1 ND ND
31-Dec-03 1 ND ND
7-Jan-04 1 ND ND
14-Jan-04 1 ND ND
21-Jan-04 1 ND ND
28-Jan-04 1 ND ND
4-Feb-04 1 ND ND
11-Feb-04 1 ND ND
18-Feb-04 1 ND ND
25-Feb-04 1 ND ND
3-Mar-04 1 ND ND
10-Mar-04 1 ND ND
17-Mar-04 1 ND ND
24-Mar-04 1 ND ND
31-Mar-04 1 ND ND
7-Apr-04 1 ND ND
14-Apr-04 1 ND ND
21-Apr-04 1 ND ND
28-Apr-04 1 ND ND
5-May-04 1 ND ND
12-May-04 1 ND ND
19-May-04 1 ND ND
26-May-04 1 ND ND
2-Jun-04 1 ND ND
9-Jun-04 1 ND ND
16-Jun-04 1 ND ND
23-Jun-04 1 ND ND
30-Jun-04 1.04 ND ND
7-Jul-04 1.25 ND ND
14-Jul-04 1.25 ND ND
21-Jul-04 1.25 ND ND
28-Jul-04 1.25 ND ND
4-Aug-04 1.25 ND ND
11-Aug-04 1.32 ND ND
18-Aug-04 1.5 ND ND
25-Aug-04 1.5 ND ND
1-Sep-04 1.5 ND ND
8-Sep-04 1.5 ND ND
15-Sep-04 1.5 ND ND
22-Sep-04 1.57 ND ND
29-Sep-04 1.75 ND ND
6-Oct-04 1.75 ND ND
13-Oct-04 1.75 ND ND
20-Oct-04 1.75 ND ND
27-Oct-04 1.75 ND ND
3-Nov-04 1.75 ND ND
10-Nov-04 1.79 ND ND
17-Nov-04 2 ND ND
24-Nov-04 2 ND ND
1-Dec-04 2 ND ND
8-Dec-04 2 ND ND
15-Dec-04 2.07 ND ND
22-Dec-04 2.25 ND ND
29-Dec-04 2.25 ND ND
5-Jan-05 2.25 ND ND
12-Jan-05 2.25 ND ND
19-Jan-05 2.25 ND ND
26-Jan-05 2.25 ND ND
2-Feb-05 2.29 ND ND
9-Feb-05 2.5 ND ND
16-Feb-05 2.5 ND ND
23-Feb-05 2.5 ND ND
2-Mar-05 2.5 ND ND
9-Mar-05 2.5 ND ND
16-Mar-05 2.5 ND ND
23-Mar-05 2.57 ND ND
30-Mar-05 2.75 ND ND
6-Apr-05 2.75 ND ND
13-Apr-05 2.75 ND ND
20-Apr-05 2.75 ND ND
27-Apr-05 2.75 ND ND
4-May-05 2.82 ND ND
11-May-05 3 ND ND
18-May-05 3 ND ND
25-May-05 3 ND ND
1-Jun-05 3 ND ND
8-Jun-05 3 ND ND
15-Jun-05 3 ND ND
22-Jun-05 3 ND ND
29-Jun-05 3 ND ND
6-Jul-05 3.25 ND ND
13-Jul-05 3.25 ND ND
20-Jul-05 3.25 ND ND
27-Jul-05 3.25 ND ND
3-Aug-05 3.25 ND ND
10-Aug-05 3.32 ND ND
17-Aug-05 3.5 ND ND
24-Aug-05 3.5 ND ND
31-Aug-05 3.5 ND ND
7-Sep-05 3.5 ND ND
14-Sep-05 3.5 ND ND
21-Sep-05 3.57 ND ND
28-Sep-05 3.75 ND ND
5-Oct-05 3.75 ND ND
12-Oct-05 3.75 ND ND
19-Oct-05 3.75 ND ND
26-Oct-05 3.75 ND ND
2-Nov-05 3.82 ND ND
9-Nov-05 4 ND ND
16-Nov-05 4 ND ND
23-Nov-05 4 ND ND
30-Nov-05 4 ND ND
7-Dec-05 4 ND ND
14-Dec-05 4.07 ND ND
21-Dec-05 4.25 ND ND
28-Dec-05 4.25 ND ND
4-Jan-06 4.25 ND ND
11-Jan-06 4.25 ND ND
18-Jan-06 4.25 ND ND
25-Jan-06 4.25 ND ND
1-Feb-06 4.32 ND ND
8-Feb-06 4.5 ND ND
15-Feb-06 4.5 ND ND
22-Feb-06 4.5 ND ND
1-Mar-06 4.5 ND ND
8-Mar-06 4.5 ND ND
15-Mar-06 4.5 ND ND
22-Mar-06 4.5 ND ND
29-Mar-06 4.57 ND ND
5-Apr-06 4.75 ND ND
12-Apr-06 4.75 ND ND
19-Apr-06 4.75 ND ND
26-Apr-06 4.75 ND ND
3-May-06 4.75 ND ND
10-May-06 4.79 ND ND
17-May-06 5 ND ND
24-May-06 5 ND ND
31-May-06 5 ND ND
7-Jun-06 5 ND ND
14-Jun-06 5 ND ND
21-Jun-06 5 ND ND
28-Jun-06 5 ND ND
5-Jul-06 5.25 ND ND
12-Jul-06 5.25 ND ND
19-Jul-06 5.25 ND ND
26-Jul-06 5.25 ND ND
2-Aug-06 5.25 ND ND
9-Aug-06 5.25 ND ND
16-Aug-06 5.25 ND ND
23-Aug-06 5.25 ND ND
30-Aug-06 5.25 ND ND
6-Sep-06 5.25 ND ND
13-Sep-06 5.25 ND ND
20-Sep-06 5.25 ND ND
27-Sep-06 5.25 ND ND
4-Oct-06 5.25 ND ND
11-Oct-06 5.25 ND ND
18-Oct-06 5.25 ND ND
25-Oct-06 5.25 ND ND
1-Nov-06 5.25 ND ND
8-Nov-06 5.25 ND ND
15-Nov-06 5.25 ND ND
22-Nov-06 5.25 ND ND
29-Nov-06 5.25 ND ND
6-Dec-06 5.25 ND ND
13-Dec-06 5.25 ND ND
20-Dec-06 5.25 ND ND
27-Dec-06 5.25 ND ND
3-Jan-07 5.25 ND ND
10-Jan-07 5.25 ND ND
17-Jan-07 5.25 ND ND
24-Jan-07 5.25 ND ND
31-Jan-07 5.25 ND ND
7-Feb-07 5.25 ND ND
14-Feb-07 5.25 ND ND
21-Feb-07 5.25 ND ND
28-Feb-07 5.25 ND ND
7-Mar-07 5.25 ND ND
14-Mar-07 5.25 ND ND
21-Mar-07 5.25 ND ND
28-Mar-07 5.25 ND ND
4-Apr-07 5.25 ND ND
11-Apr-07 5.25 ND ND
18-Apr-07 5.25 ND ND
25-Apr-07 5.25 ND ND
2-May-07 5.25 ND ND
9-May-07 5.25 ND ND
16-May-07 5.25 ND ND
23-May-07 5.25 ND ND
30-May-07 5.25 ND ND
6-Jun-07 5.25 ND ND
13-Jun-07 5.25 ND ND
20-Jun-07 5.25 ND ND
27-Jun-07 5.25 ND ND
4-Jul-07 5.25 ND ND
11-Jul-07 5.25 ND ND
18-Jul-07 5.25 ND ND
25-Jul-07 5.25 ND ND
1-Aug-07 5.25 ND ND
8-Aug-07 5.25 ND ND
15-Aug-07 5.25 ND ND
22-Aug-07 5.25 ND ND
29-Aug-07 5.25 ND ND
5-Sep-07 5.25 ND ND
12-Sep-07 5.25 ND ND
19-Sep-07 5.11 ND ND
26-Sep-07 4.75 ND ND
3-Oct-07 4.75 ND ND
10-Oct-07 4.75 ND ND
17-Oct-07 4.75 ND ND
24-Oct-07 4.75 ND ND
31-Oct-07 4.71 ND ND
7-Nov-07 4.5 ND ND
14-Nov-07 4.5 ND ND
21-Nov-07 4.5 ND ND
28-Nov-07 4.5 ND ND
5-Dec-07 4.5 ND ND
12-Dec-07 4.43 ND ND
19-Dec-07 4.25 ND ND
26-Dec-07 4.25 ND ND
2-Jan-08 4.25 ND ND
9-Jan-08 4.25 ND ND
16-Jan-08 4.25 ND ND
23-Jan-08 4.04 ND ND
30-Jan-08 3.43 ND ND
6-Feb-08 3 ND ND
13-Feb-08 3 ND ND
20-Feb-08 3 ND ND
27-Feb-08 3 ND ND
5-Mar-08 3 ND ND
12-Mar-08 3 ND ND
19-Mar-08 2.79 ND ND
26-Mar-08 2.25 ND ND
2-Apr-08 2.25 ND ND
9-Apr-08 2.25 ND ND
16-Apr-08 2.25 ND ND
23-Apr-08 2.25 ND ND
30-Apr-08 2.21 ND ND
7-May-08 2 ND ND
14-May-08 2 ND ND
21-May-08 2 ND ND
28-May-08 2 ND ND
4-Jun-08 2 ND ND
11-Jun-08 2 ND ND
18-Jun-08 2 ND ND
25-Jun-08 2 ND ND
2-Jul-08 2 ND ND
9-Jul-08 2 ND ND
16-Jul-08 2 ND ND
23-Jul-08 2 ND ND
30-Jul-08 2 ND ND
6-Aug-08 2 ND ND
13-Aug-08 2 ND ND
20-Aug-08 2 ND ND
27-Aug-08 2 ND ND
3-Sep-08 2 ND ND
10-Sep-08 2 ND ND
17-Sep-08 2 ND ND
24-Sep-08 2 ND ND
1-Oct-08 2 ND ND
8-Oct-08 1.93 ND ND
15-Oct-08 1.5 ND ND
22-Oct-08 1.5 ND ND
29-Oct-08 1.43 ND ND
5-Nov-08 1 ND ND
12-Nov-08 1 ND ND
19-Nov-08 1 ND ND
26-Nov-08 1 ND ND
3-Dec-08 1 ND ND
10-Dec-08 1 ND ND
17-Dec-08 0.75 ND ND
24-Dec-08 0.13 ND ND
31-Dec-08 0.13 ND ND
7-Jan-09 0.13 0.25 0
14-Jan-09 0.13 0.25 0
21-Jan-09 0.13 0.25 0
28-Jan-09 0.13 0.25 0
4-Feb-09 0.13 0.25 0
11-Feb-09 0.13 0.25 0
18-Feb-09 0.13 0.25 0
25-Feb-09 0.13 0.25 0
4-Mar-09 0.13 0.25 0
11-Mar-09 0.13 0.25 0
18-Mar-09 0.13 0.25 0
25-Mar-09 0.13 0.25 0
1-Apr-09 0.13 0.25 0
8-Apr-09 0.13 0.25 0
15-Apr-09 0.13 0.25 0
22-Apr-09 0.13 0.25 0
29-Apr-09 0.13 0.25 0
6-May-09 0.13 0.25 0
13-May-09 0.13 0.25 0
20-May-09 0.13 0.25 0
27-May-09 0.13 0.25 0
3-Jun-09 0.13 0.25 0
10-Jun-09 0.13 0.25 0
17-Jun-09 0.13 0.25 0
24-Jun-09 0.13 0.25 0
1-Jul-09 0.13 0.25 0
8-Jul-09 0.13 0.25 0
15-Jul-09 0.13 0.25 0
22-Jul-09 0.13 0.25 0
29-Jul-09 0.13 0.25 0
5-Aug-09 0.13 0.25 0
12-Aug-09 0.13 0.25 0
19-Aug-09 0.13 0.25 0
26-Aug-09 0.13 0.25 0
2-Sep-09 0.13 0.25 0
9-Sep-09 0.13 0.25 0
16-Sep-09 0.13 0.25 0
23-Sep-09 0.13 0.25 0
30-Sep-09 0.13 0.25 0
7-Oct-09 0.13 0.25 0
14-Oct-09 0.13 0.25 0
21-Oct-09 0.13 0.25 0
28-Oct-09 0.13 0.25 0
4-Nov-09 0.13 0.25 0
11-Nov-09 0.13 0.25 0
18-Nov-09 0.13 0.25 0
25-Nov-09 0.13 0.25 0
2-Dec-09 0.13 0.25 0
9-Dec-09 0.13 0.25 0
16-Dec-09 0.13 0.25 0
23-Dec-09 0.13 0.25 0
30-Dec-09 0.13 0.25 0
6-Jan-10 0.13 0.25 0
13-Jan-10 0.13 0.25 0
20-Jan-10 0.13 0.25 0
27-Jan-10 0.13 0.25 0
3-Feb-10 0.13 0.25 0
10-Feb-10 0.13 0.25 0
17-Feb-10 0.13 0.25 0
24-Feb-10 0.13 0.25 0
3-Mar-10 0.13 0.25 0
10-Mar-10 0.13 0.25 0
17-Mar-10 0.13 0.25 0
24-Mar-10 0.13 0.25 0
31-Mar-10 0.13 0.25 0
7-Apr-10 0.13 0.25 0
14-Apr-10 0.13 0.25 0
21-Apr-10 0.13 0.25 0
28-Apr-10 0.13 0.25 0
5-May-10 0.13 0.25 0
12-May-10 0.13 0.25 0
19-May-10 0.13 0.25 0
26-May-10 0.13 0.25 0
2-Jun-10 0.13 0.25 0
9-Jun-10 0.13 0.25 0
16-Jun-10 0.13 0.25 0
23-Jun-10 0.13 0.25 0
30-Jun-10 0.13 0.25 0
7-Jul-10 0.13 0.25 0
14-Jul-10 0.13 0.25 0
21-Jul-10 0.13 0.25 0
28-Jul-10 0.13 0.25 0
4-Aug-10 0.13 0.25 0
11-Aug-10 0.13 0.25 0
18-Aug-10 0.13 0.25 0
25-Aug-10 0.13 0.25 0
1-Sep-10 0.13 0.25 0
8-Sep-10 0.13 0.25 0
15-Sep-10 0.13 0.25 0
22-Sep-10 0.13 0.25 0
29-Sep-10 0.13 0.25 0
6-Oct-10 0.13 0.25 0
13-Oct-10 0.13 0.25 0
20-Oct-10 0.13 0.25 0
27-Oct-10 0.13 0.25 0
3-Nov-10 0.13 0.25 0
10-Nov-10 0.13 0.25 0
17-Nov-10 0.13 0.25 0
24-Nov-10 0.13 0.25 0
1-Dec-10 0.13 0.25 0
8-Dec-10 0.13 0.25 0
15-Dec-10 0.13 0.25 0
22-Dec-10 0.13 0.25 0
29-Dec-10 0.13 0.25 0
5-Jan-11 0.13 0.25 0
12-Jan-11 0.13 0.25 0
19-Jan-11 0.13 0.25 0
26-Jan-11 0.13 0.25 0
2-Feb-11 0.13 0.25 0
9-Feb-11 0.13 0.25 0
16-Feb-11 0.13 0.25 0
23-Feb-11 0.13 0.25 0
2-Mar-11 0.13 0.25 0
9-Mar-11 0.13 0.25 0
16-Mar-11 0.13 0.25 0
23-Mar-11 0.13 0.25 0
30-Mar-11 0.13 0.25 0
6-Apr-11 0.13 0.25 0
13-Apr-11 0.13 0.25 0
20-Apr-11 0.13 0.25 0
27-Apr-11 0.13 0.25 0
4-May-11 0.13 0.25 0
11-May-11 0.13 0.25 0
18-May-11 0.13 0.25 0
25-May-11 0.13 0.25 0
1-Jun-11 0.13 0.25 0
8-Jun-11 0.13 0.25 0
15-Jun-11 0.13 0.25 0
22-Jun-11 0.13 0.25 0
29-Jun-11 0.13 0.25 0
6-Jul-11 0.13 0.25 0
13-Jul-11 0.13 0.25 0
20-Jul-11 0.13 0.25 0
27-Jul-11 0.13 0.25 0
3-Aug-11 0.13 0.25 0
10-Aug-11 0.13 0.25 0
17-Aug-11 0.13 0.25 0
24-Aug-11 0.13 0.25 0
31-Aug-11 0.13 0.25 0
7-Sep-11 0.13 0.25 0
14-Sep-11 0.13 0.25 0
21-Sep-11 0.13 0.25 0
28-Sep-11 0.13 0.25 0
5-Oct-11 0.13 0.25 0
12-Oct-11 0.13 0.25 0
19-Oct-11 0.13 0.25 0
26-Oct-11 0.13 0.25 0
2-Nov-11 0.13 0.25 0
9-Nov-11 0.13 0.25 0
16-Nov-11 0.13 0.25 0
23-Nov-11 0.13 0.25 0
30-Nov-11 0.13 0.25 0
7-Dec-11 0.13 0.25 0
14-Dec-11 0.13 0.25 0
21-Dec-11 0.13 0.25 0
28-Dec-11 0.13 0.25 0

Source: Federal Reserve Board.

Federal Reserve Balance Sheet, Assets

Billions of dollars

Date Traditional security holdings Initiatives to address financial strain Large-scale asset purchases Other assets
10-Jan-07 778.9 0 0 79.79
17-Jan-07 778.89 0 0 84.33
24-Jan-07 778.88 0 0 76.71
31-Jan-07 778.86 0 0 90.7
7-Feb-07 778.88 0 0 79.99
14-Feb-07 778.89 0 0 92.12
21-Feb-07 778.9 0 0 94.15
28-Feb-07 780.79 0 0 100.47
7-Mar-07 780.82 0 0 87.56
14-Mar-07 780.84 0 0 99.14
21-Mar-07 780.87 0 0 86.09
28-Mar-07 780.89 0 0 92.79
4-Apr-07 780.93 0 0 85.26
11-Apr-07 782.82 0 0 86.46
18-Apr-07 782.86 0 0 82.27
25-Apr-07 787.15 0 0 96.31
2-May-07 787.21 0 0 107.41
9-May-07 790.02 0 0 88.97
16-May-07 790.1 0 0 73.22
23-May-07 790.18 0 0 87.49
30-May-07 790.26 0 0 90.45
6-Jun-07 790.32 0 0 86.13
13-Jun-07 790.38 0 0 78.37
20-Jun-07 790.44 0 0 79.42
27-Jun-07 790.5 0 0 78.38
4-Jul-07 790.55 0 0 89.85
11-Jul-07 790.61 0 0 82.59
18-Jul-07 790.66 0 0 86.05
25-Jul-07 790.71 0 0 76.97
1-Aug-07 790.8 0 0 83.31
8-Aug-07 790.82 0 0 78.49
15-Aug-07 789.6 0 0 79.3
22-Aug-07 789.62 0 0 77.13
29-Aug-07 784.64 0 0 92.13
5-Sep-07 779.64 0 0 95.41
12-Sep-07 779.64 0 0 110.57
19-Sep-07 779.64 0 0 91.95
26-Sep-07 779.63 0 0 114.06
3-Oct-07 779.62 0 0 93.14
10-Oct-07 779.61 0 0 110.41
17-Oct-07 779.59 0 0 93.53
24-Oct-07 779.57 0 0 105.4
31-Oct-07 779.59 0 0 107.34
7-Nov-07 779.61 0 0 109.62
14-Nov-07 779.64 0 0 113.38
21-Nov-07 779.67 0 0 114.8
28-Nov-07 779.69 0 0 103.16
5-Dec-07 779.71 0 0 106.45
12-Dec-07 774.73 0 0 110.36
19-Dec-07 769.76 0 0 121.52
26-Dec-07 754.61 34 0 105.15
2-Jan-08 740.63 64 0 120.48
9-Jan-08 728.2 64 0 91.29
16-Jan-08 728.26 64 0 104.04
23-Jan-08 723.31 74 0 82.6
30-Jan-08 718.37 74 0 110.48
6-Feb-08 713.38 84 0 76.18
13-Feb-08 713.37 84 0 88.14
20-Feb-08 713.36 70 0 98.17
27-Feb-08 713.36 70 0 113
5-Mar-08 713.39 60 0 110.31
12-Mar-08 703.44 60 0 135.52
19-Mar-08 660.48 80 0 150.26
26-Mar-08 612.31 80 0 203.46
2-Apr-08 581.24 121 0 183.16
9-Apr-08 560.11 121 0 213.54
16-Apr-08 548.63 136 0 198.85
23-Apr-08 548.66 136 0 202.68
30-Apr-08 548.69 136 0 205
7-May-08 536.71 136 0 218.02
14-May-08 515.66 177 0 188.94
21-May-08 502.86 177 0 220.15
28-May-08 491.09 212 0 202.46
4-Jun-08 486.94 212 0 198.48
11-Jun-08 482.07 212 0 197.99
18-Jun-08 478.73 212 0 213.01
25-Jun-08 478.8 212 0 203.34
2-Jul-08 478.87 240.89 0 184.62
9-Jul-08 478.95 240.94 0 179.54
16-Jul-08 479.04 241.02 0 192.02
23-Jul-08 479.12 241.06 0 180.86
30-Jul-08 479.21 241.1 0 199.69
6-Aug-08 479.33 241.14 0 182.66
13-Aug-08 479.43 241.18 0 195.42
20-Aug-08 479.54 246.21 0 174.37
27-Aug-08 479.64 246.25 0 185.59
3-Sep-08 479.73 241.29 0 185.72
10-Sep-08 479.78 241.33 0 206.09
17-Sep-08 479.84 241.37 0 275.32
24-Sep-08 476.58 321.31 10 405.44
1-Oct-08 476.62 464.88 14.5 549.52
8-Oct-08 476.58 513.67 14.11 588.74
15-Oct-08 476.55 699.5 14.11 582.27
22-Oct-08 476.51 767.05 14.11 546.54
29-Oct-08 476.47 971.88 13.62 508.71
5-Nov-08 476.46 1099.89 13.24 486.24
12-Nov-08 476.44 1269.25 12.97 455.79
19-Nov-08 476.43 1275.19 12.5 424.57
26-Nov-08 476.41 1224.16 12.22 394.86
3-Dec-08 476.4 1265.47 11.53 385.06
10-Dec-08 476.4 1389.44 15.66 370.04
17-Dec-08 476.4 1416.53 17.36 346.2
24-Dec-08 476.4 1409.84 20.49 327.07
31-Dec-08 476.4 1411.97 19.23 333.34
7-Jan-09 476.4 1330.34 18.57 297.61
14-Jan-09 476.4 1290.38 28.91 255.5
21-Jan-09 476.4 1303.31 29.07 229.8
28-Jan-09 476.4 1201.59 34.47 216.09
4-Feb-09 476.4 1131.33 35.87 209.29
11-Feb-09 476.4 1127.06 38 203.4
18-Feb-09 476.4 1143.47 97.22 199.94
25-Feb-09 476.4 1137.32 105.33 198.53
4-Mar-09 476.4 1122.21 105.36 198.83
11-Mar-09 476.4 1118.67 111.65 194.27
18-Mar-09 476.4 1110.59 283.06 198.56
25-Mar-09 476.4 1110.06 284.89 201.87
1-Apr-09 476.4 1098.31 306.18 199.52
8-Apr-09 476.4 1103.87 324.95 184.78
15-Apr-09 476.4 1059.86 466.78 184.92
22-Apr-09 476.4 1053.26 490.67 177.94
29-Apr-09 476.4 907.16 506.96 177.63
6-May-09 476.4 883.39 521.49 199.97
13-May-09 476.4 901.03 605.19 215.21
20-May-09 476.4 883.24 615.02 208.49
27-May-09 476.4 765.92 631.05 208.29
3-Jun-09 476.4 753.46 639.37 210.01
10-Jun-09 476.4 701.07 666.07 210.27
17-Jun-09 476.4 679.18 708 210.66
24-Jun-09 476.4 588.27 740.64 222.01
1-Jul-09 476.4 574.24 747.34 209.42
8-Jul-09 476.4 556.22 757.38 204.59
15-Jul-09 476.4 556.93 835.75 205.74
22-Jul-09 476.4 497.72 864.47 202.89
29-Jul-09 476.4 454.81 868.16 203.68
5-Aug-09 476.4 433.43 879.88 202.02
12-Aug-09 476.4 428.53 905.46 207.24
19-Aug-09 476.4 405.66 981 200.72
26-Aug-09 476.4 392.13 1008.73 200.89
2-Sep-09 476.4 385.02 1021.03 204.32
9-Sep-09 476.4 380.64 1029.77 204.18
16-Sep-09 476.4 361.43 1093.62 211.45
23-Sep-09 476.4 358.99 1112.03 214.34
30-Sep-09 476.4 337.74 1116.3 213.71
7-Oct-09 476.4 330.2 1118.89 215.73
14-Oct-09 476.4 300.22 1196.43 222.91
21-Oct-09 476.4 297.62 1213.79 216.46
28-Oct-09 476.4 256.65 1213.83 217.79
4-Nov-09 476.4 251.17 1221.46 219.17
11-Nov-09 476.4 217.85 1225.36 218.56
18-Nov-09 476.4 218.07 1300.22 217.25
25-Nov-09 476.4 207.3 1307.32 218.54
2-Dec-09 476.4 229.65 1307.38 193.86
9-Dec-09 476.4 206.31 1310.61 196.26
16-Dec-09 476.4 204.43 1359.08 199.06
23-Dec-09 476.4 190.36 1370.49 201.76
30-Dec-09 476.4 190.58 1368.32 201.95
6-Jan-10 476.4 190.82 1368.81 202.46
13-Jan-10 476.4 185.86 1429.62 203.06
20-Jan-10 476.4 142.94 1433.31 202.44
27-Jan-10 476.4 137.55 1433.62 202.59
3-Feb-10 476.4 137.61 1435.2 203.38
10-Feb-10 476.4 136.82 1442 204.73
17-Feb-10 476.4 113.68 1491.3 199.58
24-Feb-10 476.4 113.74 1499.24 200.12
3-Mar-10 476.4 113.91 1494.49 198.72
10-Mar-10 476.4 113.38 1498.37 197.69
17-Mar-10 476.4 101.41 1534.16 199.41
24-Mar-10 476.4 101.5 1541.55 197.07
31-Mar-10 476.4 101.93 1537.99 194.21
7-Apr-10 476.4 101.55 1538.03 194.97
14-Apr-10 476.4 98.38 1571.09 196.87
21-Apr-10 476.4 98.5 1571.15 194.97
28-Apr-10 476.4 98.62 1565.64 193.26
5-May-10 476.4 93.85 1565.88 193.49
12-May-10 476.4 102.53 1566.86 193.76
19-May-10 476.4 102.59 1587.5 187.88
26-May-10 476.4 94.76 1580.76 185.59
2-Jun-10 476.4 100.22 1580.84 182.22
9-Jun-10 476.4 94.39 1580.92 183.27
16-Jun-10 476.4 94.44 1594.35 182.57
23-Jun-10 476.4 94.49 1594.84 182.2
30-Jun-10 476.4 94.95 1583.48 179.46
7-Jul-10 476.4 94.48 1583.65 180.93
14-Jul-10 476.4 94.56 1591.28 181.91
21-Jul-10 476.4 94.63 1584.58 180.13
28-Jul-10 476.4 96.65 1577.48 178.18
4-Aug-10 476.4 96.73 1577.73 179.03
11-Aug-10 476.4 96.25 1579.45 178.84
18-Aug-10 476.4 94.98 1573.38 172.31
25-Aug-10 476.4 94.69 1567.77 165.52
1-Sep-10 476.4 94.76 1569.55 164.62
8-Sep-10 476.4 94.26 1573.16 165.28
15-Sep-10 476.4 93.65 1565 164.3
22-Sep-10 476.4 93.69 1574.68 165.63
29-Sep-10 476.4 93.78 1567.91 163.78
6-Oct-10 476.4 93.68 1575.32 165.83
13-Oct-10 476.4 93.75 1575.48 167.4
20-Oct-10 476.4 93.63 1572.21 166.08
27-Oct-10 476.4 95.21 1562.17 164.66
3-Nov-10 476.4 95.32 1566.33 165.35
10-Nov-10 476.4 94.86 1577.36 167.14
17-Nov-10 476.4 93.9 1584.49 162.93
24-Nov-10 476.4 93.95 1610.82 167.62
1-Dec-10 476.4 94.05 1611.88 167.36
8-Dec-10 476.4 93.61 1644.04 171.03
15-Dec-10 476.4 92.94 1647.88 171.33
22-Dec-10 476.4 93.01 1686.7 174.67
29-Dec-10 476.4 93.11 1679.3 174.65
5-Jan-11 476.4 93.28 1694.18 175.11
12-Jan-11 476.4 93.35 1724.13 177.27
19-Jan-11 476.4 65.51 1729.22 157.14
26-Jan-11 476.4 65.63 1747.75 156.98
2-Feb-11 476.4 66.22 1771.47 158.57
9-Feb-11 476.4 66.39 1800.39 160.81
16-Feb-11 476.4 65.65 1816.75 153.91
23-Feb-11 476.4 65.67 1839.34 155.76
2-Mar-11 476.4 65.56 1852.04 155.11
9-Mar-11 476.4 65.65 1881.85 157.24
16-Mar-11 476.4 65.07 1888.08 157.56
23-Mar-11 476.4 65.13 1905.18 158.7
30-Mar-11 476.4 65.17 1926.69 158.32
6-Apr-11 476.4 65.16 1951.46 159.79
13-Apr-11 476.4 65.23 1966.34 161.62
20-Apr-11 476.4 63.94 1987.78 161.83
27-Apr-11 476.4 66.6 1990.27 161.87
4-May-11 476.4 65.11 2017.59 163.86
11-May-11 476.4 65.23 2041.95 165.09
18-May-11 476.4 64.51 2063.1 158.17
25-May-11 476.4 64.61 2079.87 158.22
1-Jun-11 476.4 64.68 2092.78 158.96
8-Jun-11 476.4 62.36 2115.21 161.31
15-Jun-11 476.4 61.25 2132.41 161.48
22-Jun-11 476.4 61.32 2158.25 164.39
29-Jun-11 476.4 61.39 2166.22 165.16
6-Jul-11 476.4 60.39 2172.04 165.22
13-Jul-11 476.4 60.48 2177.94 167.19
20-Jul-11 476.4 56.48 2175.91 166.42
27-Jul-11 476.4 53.26 2171.48 166.27
3-Aug-11 476.4 53.16 2174.24 167.24
10-Aug-11 476.4 53.27 2178.06 168.5
17-Aug-11 476.4 50.52 2174.46 160.31
24-Aug-11 476.4 50.87 2174.16 161.72
31-Aug-11 476.4 50.44 2170.43 160.12
7-Sep-11 476.4 50.39 2173.92 161.43
14-Sep-11 476.4 50.47 2177.28 162.83
21-Sep-11 476.4 47.97 2174.21 162.57
28-Sep-11 476.4 47.96 2167.41 162.47
5-Oct-11 476.4 47.86 2174.53 164.04
12-Oct-11 476.4 47.93 2171.52 167.92
19-Oct-11 476.4 46.43 2163.6 168.74
26-Oct-11 476.4 43.06 2158.54 170.37
2-Nov-11 476.4 42.99 2134.72 170.57
9-Nov-11 476.4 43.22 2148.64 174.15
16-Nov-11 476.4 40.92 2148.91 167.95
23-Nov-11 476.4 40.98 2135.9 171.25
30-Nov-11 476.4 41.06 2128.6 170.72
7-Dec-11 476.4 40.89 2131.59 174.32
14-Dec-11 476.4 89.31 2161.06 178.19
21-Dec-11 476.4 97.62 2164.27 180.21
28-Dec-11 476.4 134.88 2136.98 180.22
4-Jan-12 476.4 134.8 2128.77 180.09
11-Jan-12 476.4 126.53 2117.12 181.46
18-Jan-12 476.4 137.87 2124.04 183.44
25-Jan-12 476.4 138.16 2122.25 185.06
1-Feb-12 476.4 139.47 2123.57 187.81
8-Feb-12 476.4 141.14 2121.82 191.21
15-Feb-12 476.4 140.69 2139.97 183.18
22-Feb-12 476.4 139.61 2134.04 185.1
29-Feb-12 476.4 129.94 2126.81 184.89

Note: Traditional security holdings reflect Treasury holdings through November 28, 2008; they are held constant after November 28.

Source: Federal Reserve Board.

Federal Reserve Balance Sheet, Liabilities and Capital

Billions of dollars

Date Federal Reserve notes in circulation Reserve balances of depository institutions Other
10-Jan-07 772.95 10.11 75.64
17-Jan-07 769.66 13.71 79.85
24-Jan-07 765.84 13.21 76.54
31-Jan-07 765.59 24.23 79.75
7-Feb-07 767.92 10.49 80.46
14-Feb-07 769.95 17.19 83.86
21-Feb-07 771.24 14.72 87.1
28-Feb-07 770.96 22.91 87.4
7-Mar-07 770.85 12.01 85.51
14-Mar-07 770.75 21.75 87.49
21-Mar-07 770.05 11.29 85.61
28-Mar-07 770.24 18.43 85.01
4-Apr-07 771.78 10.73 83.67
11-Apr-07 773.02 14.63 81.63
18-Apr-07 771.89 10.6 82.63
25-Apr-07 771.43 22.37 89.66
2-May-07 772.16 11.87 110.58
9-May-07 773.28 22.5 83.22
16-May-07 772.92 11.22 79.19
23-May-07 774.11 23.22 80.35
30-May-07 777.85 19.05 83.81
6-Jun-07 776.21 18.68 81.56
13-Jun-07 774.97 14.09 79.69
20-Jun-07 773.64 16.14 80.09
27-Jun-07 775.05 16.22 77.6
4-Jul-07 781.38 16.76 82.27
11-Jul-07 779.89 10.72 82.58
18-Jul-07 776.94 19.92 79.85
25-Jul-07 776.48 12.56 78.64
1-Aug-07 776.95 17.08 80.07
8-Aug-07 777.35 13.46 78.5
15-Aug-07 775.79 12.56 80.55
22-Aug-07 774.54 13.08 79.13
29-Aug-07 775.19 21.59 79.99
5-Sep-07 778.66 11.29 85.1
12-Sep-07 775.41 31.68 83.12
19-Sep-07 773.37 13.45 84.77
26-Sep-07 774.84 34.24 84.61
3-Oct-07 777.4 10.74 84.62
10-Oct-07 779.75 25.54 84.74
17-Oct-07 777.69 10.28 85.16
24-Oct-07 776.7 21.11 87.17
31-Oct-07 778.16 20.72 88.05
7-Nov-07 782.2 19.8 87.23
14-Nov-07 784.42 20.47 88.14
21-Nov-07 786.38 20.97 87.13
28-Nov-07 783.68 14.48 84.7
5-Dec-07 781.94 15.98 88.24
12-Dec-07 782.51 13.89 88.69
19-Dec-07 785.78 17.66 87.83
26-Dec-07 791.8 11.44 90.52
2-Jan-08 791.68 39.77 93.65
9-Jan-08 781.8 12.89 88.8
16-Jan-08 775.5 28.25 92.55
23-Jan-08 774.71 15.98 89.22
30-Jan-08 774.28 38.5 90.07
6-Feb-08 777.11 9.46 86.99
13-Feb-08 778.94 18.02 88.55
20-Feb-08 780.5 10.32 90.71
27-Feb-08 779.45 22.12 94.78
5-Mar-08 780.77 9.73 93.2
12-Mar-08 781.25 25.01 92.7
19-Mar-08 781.2 10.17 99.37
26-Mar-08 780.63 21.57 93.57
2-Apr-08 779.56 11.42 94.43
9-Apr-08 778.9 25.76 90
16-Apr-08 777.51 12.74 93.23
23-Apr-08 776.64 17.1 93.61
30-Apr-08 777.09 20.3 92.3
7-May-08 779.43 19.37 91.94
14-May-08 780.79 10.57 90.23
21-May-08 783.35 27.75 88.93
28-May-08 787.7 26.89 90.97
4-Jun-08 787.1 15.75 94.56
11-Jun-08 786.4 14.37 91.3
18-Jun-08 786.53 24.15 93.06
25-Jun-08 787.96 12.83 93.34
2-Jul-08 795.09 16.23 93.05
9-Jul-08 795.66 11.01 92.77
16-Jul-08 793.42 23.93 94.72
23-Jul-08 794.24 10.97 95.83
30-Jul-08 795.56 28.71 95.72
6-Aug-08 795.85 10.86 96.42
13-Aug-08 795.1 25.34 95.59
20-Aug-08 793.7 10.46 95.95
27-Aug-08 795.69 19.38 96.4
3-Sep-08 799.72 10.94 96.08
10-Sep-08 797.6 32.07 97.53
17-Sep-08 796.09 89.1 111.33
24-Sep-08 799.42 95.3 318.6
1-Oct-08 803.98 179.29 522.25
8-Oct-08 811.69 183.31 598.09
15-Oct-08 818.5 271.88 682.05
22-Oct-08 819.9 226.9 757.41
29-Oct-08 823.71 425.97 720.99
5-Nov-08 826.88 503.59 745.35
12-Nov-08 828.45 594.35 791.65
19-Nov-08 828.62 630.49 729.58
26-Nov-08 835.08 611.19 661.37
3-Dec-08 835.83 655.18 647.45
10-Dec-08 837.56 777.84 636.13
17-Dec-08 840.74 801.74 614
24-Dec-08 849.72 819.4 564.68
31-Dec-08 853.17 860 527.78
7-Jan-09 847.96 846.14 428.82
14-Jan-09 844.07 827.51 379.6
21-Jan-09 848.2 808.3 382.09
28-Jan-09 848.79 740.4 339.35
4-Feb-09 852.3 647 353.61
11-Feb-09 856 600.06 388.8
18-Feb-09 858.49 709.13 349.42
25-Feb-09 858.74 701.14 357.7
4-Mar-09 860.47 619.71 422.61
11-Mar-09 862.26 632.49 406.23
18-Mar-09 862.73 780.31 425.58
25-Mar-09 863.09 822.41 387.72
1-Apr-09 864.52 837.46 378.43
8-Apr-09 866.08 841.59 382.34
15-Apr-09 865.23 894.9 427.83
22-Apr-09 862.96 915.77 419.54
29-Apr-09 863.09 812.93 392.13
6-May-09 865.87 825.62 389.76
13-May-09 865.51 931.74 400.59
20-May-09 866.47 955.22 361.48
27-May-09 870.02 877.01 334.63
3-Jun-09 868.77 844.68 365.79
10-Jun-09 868.43 815.66 369.73
17-Jun-09 867.52 743.95 462.77
24-Jun-09 867.27 745.17 414.88
1-Jul-09 871.29 726.26 409.85
8-Jul-09 872.76 749.15 372.68
15-Jul-09 870.33 808.82 395.67
22-Jul-09 869.23 781.39 390.86
29-Jul-09 870.58 747.12 385.35
5-Aug-09 872.15 724.65 394.93
12-Aug-09 872.8 777.03 367.81
19-Aug-09 871.49 818.81 373.49
26-Aug-09 870.41 861.95 345.79
2-Sep-09 872.81 822.33 391.63
9-Sep-09 876.68 878 336.31
16-Sep-09 873.94 862.83 406.14
23-Sep-09 872.32 903.04 386.4
30-Sep-09 873.5 848.09 422.57
7-Oct-09 876.12 966.54 298.56
14-Oct-09 877.79 1051.95 266.22
21-Oct-09 875.32 1059.57 269.38
28-Oct-09 874.84 1083.45 206.39
4-Nov-09 877.49 1065.12 225.6
11-Nov-09 880.88 1044.24 213.06
18-Nov-09 879.36 1109.27 223.31
25-Nov-09 883.03 1168.57 157.96
2-Dec-09 882.42 1122.01 202.86
9-Dec-09 883.19 1106.67 199.72
16-Dec-09 883.39 1073.3 282.29
23-Dec-09 888.79 1082.52 267.7
30-Dec-09 889.68 1025.27 322.31
6-Jan-10 884.45 1024.5 329.55
13-Jan-10 879.22 1135.25 280.48
20-Jan-10 879.32 1063.04 312.73
27-Jan-10 878.38 1110.74 261.05
3-Feb-10 883.46 1116.26 252.87
10-Feb-10 889.09 1163.6 207.26
17-Feb-10 892.98 1205.16 182.8
24-Feb-10 892.06 1248.92 148.52
3-Mar-10 892.78 1186.08 204.66
10-Mar-10 893.62 1190.76 201.46
17-Mar-10 893.26 1118.09 300.02
24-Mar-10 893.04 1147.75 275.74
31-Mar-10 894.15 1053.88 362.51
7-Apr-10 896.3 1114.29 300.37
14-Apr-10 895.45 1063.98 383.31
21-Apr-10 894.76 1059.29 386.96
28-Apr-10 895.34 1048.8 389.78
5-May-10 897.52 1032.74 399.36
12-May-10 898.68 1092.84 348.02
19-May-10 897.57 1095.74 361.06
26-May-10 899.78 1088.4 349.32
2-Jun-10 903.73 1038.83 397.12
9-Jun-10 901.39 1078.09 355.5
16-Jun-10 899.86 1020.68 427.23
23-Jun-10 899.73 1063.5 384.7
30-Jun-10 904.13 973.49 456.68
7-Jul-10 907.7 1061.24 366.52
14-Jul-10 904.54 1073.38 366.22
21-Jul-10 902.26 1052.53 380.95
28-Jul-10 903.33 1055.13 370.24
4-Aug-10 905.77 1042.34 381.77
11-Aug-10 906.92 1060.35 363.67
18-Aug-10 906.76 1043.91 366.4
25-Aug-10 906.28 1055.46 342.64
1-Sep-10 909.87 1015.1 380.37
8-Sep-10 913.69 1054.52 340.88
15-Sep-10 911.26 936.72 451.37
22-Sep-10 910.62 984.61 415.17
29-Sep-10 913.76 986.26 401.86
6-Oct-10 918.61 1002.13 390.49
13-Oct-10 922.58 1033.88 356.55
20-Oct-10 921.38 1000.15 386.8
27-Oct-10 922.33 1015.72 360.39
3-Nov-10 927.73 987.84 387.83
10-Nov-10 933.75 1006.82 375.19
17-Nov-10 932.38 988.87 396.47
24-Nov-10 937.34 1027.83 383.62
1-Dec-10 936.39 1010.84 402.46
8-Dec-10 937.53 1066.37 381.19
15-Dec-10 938.44 1002.17 447.95
22-Dec-10 942.42 1040.64 447.71
29-Dec-10 943.75 1025.84 453.87
5-Jan-11 940.31 1033.17 465.5
12-Jan-11 936.96 1097.84 436.36
19-Jan-11 937.4 1063.96 426.91
26-Jan-11 935.34 1086.33 425.09
2-Feb-11 941.62 1081.32 449.72
9-Feb-11 947.26 1189.25 367.47
16-Feb-11 951.43 1225.13 336.15
23-Feb-11 956.01 1297.9 283.26
2-Mar-11 957.71 1303.78 287.62
9-Mar-11 959.95 1386.41 234.77
16-Mar-11 961.87 1336.62 288.63
23-Mar-11 962.52 1410.47 232.42
30-Mar-11 963.99 1458.16 204.43
6-Apr-11 968.05 1505.14 179.63
13-Apr-11 969.78 1539.27 160.52
20-Apr-11 970.58 1470.4 248.97
27-Apr-11 972.35 1457.27 265.52
4-May-11 975.72 1480.56 266.68
11-May-11 976.79 1546.65 225.23
18-May-11 976.33 1538.7 247.15
25-May-11 979.16 1592.09 207.85
1-Jun-11 984.2 1593.13 215.49
8-Jun-11 983.09 1668.05 164.14
15-Jun-11 982.36 1574.32 274.87
22-Jun-11 981.75 1602.05 276.56
29-Jun-11 985.79 1627.48 255.9
6-Jul-11 990.86 1663.02 220.17
13-Jul-11 988.29 1687.51 206.2
20-Jul-11 987.62 1627.2 260.39
27-Jul-11 989.02 1658.32 220.08
3-Aug-11 993.06 1652.95 225.02
10-Aug-11 992.79 1633.15 250.3
17-Aug-11 992.38 1652.25 217.07
24-Aug-11 991.61 1615.13 256.41
31-Aug-11 996.06 1592 269.34
7-Sep-11 1001.53 1610.24 250.38
14-Sep-11 998.15 1620.66 248.16
21-Sep-11 995.06 1549.46 316.63
28-Sep-11 996.32 1614.07 243.84
5-Oct-11 1000.67 1631.67 230.49
12-Oct-11 1003.32 1640.47 219.98
19-Oct-11 1001.15 1576.76 277.26
26-Oct-11 1001.57 1588.04 258.76
2-Nov-11 1008.44 1521.76 294.48
9-Nov-11 1015.19 1593.64 233.59
16-Nov-11 1016.37 1577.57 240.25
23-Nov-11 1020.75 1496.88 306.9
30-Nov-11 1020.45 1492.31 304.02
7-Dec-11 1022.09 1555.04 246.08
14-Dec-11 1024.63 1620.22 260.11
21-Dec-11 1028.52 1506.56 383.43
28-Dec-11 1034.52 1569.27 324.7

Note: Term deposits and other deposits held by depository institutions.

Source: Federal Reserve Board.

Real GDP

Billions of chained (2005) dollars

Quarter Real GDP Average recovery
2007:04 13325.96 ND
2008:01 13266.83 ND
2008:02 13310.47 ND
2008:03 13186.93 ND
2008:04 12883.53 ND
2009:01 12663.23 ND
2009:02 12641.27 12641.3
2009:03 12694.52 12862.84
2009:04 12813.45 13075.85
2010:01 12937.74 13274.18
2010:02 13058.48 13470.57
2010:03 13139.59 13583.1
2010:04 13216.11 13697.97
2011:01 13227.87 13834.72
2011:02 13271.84 13919.61
2011:03 13331.56 14048.57
2011:04 13429.85 14167.73

Note: Vertical shading represents NBER recession dates (approximately late 2007 through mid 2009). The average recovery is calculated using the average growth rate in quarters following NBER troughs since 1949.

Note: On June 21, 2012, the above Real GDP table was revised to correct the calculation of GDP during the average of previous recoveries.

Source: Bureau of Economics Analysis.

Unemployment Rate

Percent

Quarter Percent
2007:01 4.5
2007:02 4.5
2007:03 4.7
2007:04 4.8
2008:01 5
2008:02 5.3
2008:03 6
2008:04 6.9
2009:01 8.3
2009:02 9.3
2009:03 9.6
2009:04 9.9
2010:01 9.8
2010:02 9.6
2010:03 9.5
2010:04 9.6
2011:01 9
2011:02 9.1
2011:03 9.1
2011:04 8.7

Note: Vertical shading represents NBER recession dates (approximately late 2007 through mid 2009). Value for the first quarter of 2012 is the February reading.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Single-Family Housing Starts

Millions

Quarter Millions
1980:1 0.79
1980:2 0.69
1980:3 0.96
1980:4 0.98
1981:1 0.87
1981:2 0.79
1981:3 0.65
1981:4 0.54
1982:1 0.57
1982:2 0.6
1982:3 0.66
1982:4 0.82
1983:1 1.03
1983:2 1.09
1983:3 1.09
1983:4 1.05
1984:1 1.22
1984:2 1.1
1984:3 1
1984:4 1.07
1985:1 1.06
1985:2 1.05
1985:3 1.06
1985:4 1.11
1986:1 1.2
1986:2 1.22
1986:3 1.16
1986:4 1.16
1987:1 1.24
1987:2 1.14
1987:3 1.16
1987:4 1.08
1988:1 1.06
1988:2 1.07
1988:3 1.07
1988:4 1.14
1989:1 1.04
1989:2 1
1989:3 1
1989:4 0.99
1990:1 1.06
1990:2 0.9
1990:3 0.86
1990:4 0.79
1991:1 0.7
1991:2 0.84
1991:3 0.88
1991:4 0.91
1992:1 1.04
1992:2 0.99
1992:3 1.02
1992:4 1.08
1993:1 1.03
1993:2 1.11
1993:3 1.13
1993:4 1.25
1994:1 1.19
1994:2 1.21
1994:3 1.19
1994:4 1.16
1995:01 1.04
1995:02 1.02
1995:03 1.12
1995:04 1.14
1996:01 1.15
1996:02 1.19
1996:03 1.18
1996:04 1.1
1997:01 1.14
1997:02 1.12
1997:03 1.15
1997:04 1.14
1998:01 1.23
1998:02 1.24
1998:03 1.28
1998:04 1.36
1999:01 1.34
1999:02 1.27
1999:03 1.29
1999:04 1.34
2000:1 1.28
2000:2 1.24
2000:3 1.19
2000:4 1.22
2001:1 1.26
2001:2 1.3
2001:3 1.28
2001:4 1.26
2002:1 1.36
2002:2 1.34
2002:3 1.34
2002:4 1.41
2003:1 1.41
2003:2 1.43
2003:3 1.52
2003:4 1.66
2004:1 1.56
2004:2 1.61
2004:3 1.64
2004:4 1.61
2005:1 1.7
2005:2 1.7
2005:3 1.75
2005:4 1.73
2006:1 1.74
2006:2 1.51
2006:3 1.39
2006:4 1.25
2007:1 1.17
2007:2 1.15
2007:3 0.98
2007:4 0.84
2008:1 0.74
2008:2 0.67
2008:3 0.59
2008:4 0.47
2009:1 0.36
2009:2 0.43
2009:3 0.5
2009:4 0.49
2010:1 0.52
2010:2 0.49
2010:3 0.43
2010:4 0.44
2011:1 0.41
2011:2 0.43
2011:3 0.43
2011:4 0.47

Note: Vertical shading represents NBER recession dates (approximately early to late 1979, late 1980 to the end of 1981, mid 1989 through early 1990, early 2000 though late 2000, and 2007 though mid 2008.)

Source: Census Bureau.

Homeowner Vacancy Rate (For single-family homes.)

Quarter Percent of housing units
1980:1 1.2
1980:2 1.2
1980:3 1.2
1980:4 1.1
1981:1 1.1
1981:2 1
1981:3 1.2
1981:4 1.1
1982:1 1.1
1982:2 1.2
1982:3 1.3
1982:4 1.3
1983:1 1.1
1983:2 1.2
1983:3 1.4
1983:4 1.4
1984:1 1.3
1984:2 1.3
1984:3 1.5
1984:4 1.4
1985:1 1.4
1985:2 1.5
1985:3 1.4
1985:4 1.3
1986:1 1.3
1986:2 1.4
1986:3 1.4
1986:4 1.3
1987:1 1.4
1987:2 1.4
1987:3 1.4
1987:4 1.3
1988:1 1.3
1988:2 1.3
1988:3 1.3
1988:4 1.3
1989:1 1.4
1989:2 1.4
1989:3 1.6
1989:4 1.5
1990:1 1.4
1990:2 1.3
1990:3 1.4
1990:4 1.4
1991:1 1.3
1991:2 1.4
1991:3 1.5
1991:4 1.3
1992:1 1.3
1992:2 1.3
1992:3 1.3
1992:4 1.2
1993:1 1.2
1993:2 1.1
1993:3 1.1
1993:4 1.2
1994:1 1.2
1994:2 1.2
1994:3 1.2
1994:4 1.4
1995:01 1.3
1995:02 1.4
1995:03 1.4
1995:04 1.4
1996:01 1.4
1996:02 1.3
1996:03 1.4
1996:04 1.4
1997:01 1.5
1997:02 1.5
1997:03 1.4
1997:04 1.5
1998:01 1.6
1998:02 1.5
1998:03 1.6
1998:04 1.6
1999:01 1.6
1999:02 1.5
1999:03 1.5
1999:04 1.5
2000:1 1.5
2000:2 1.3
2000:3 1.4
2000:4 1.4
2001:1 1.4
2001:2 1.5
2001:3 1.6
2001:4 1.7
2002:1 1.5
2002:2 1.5
2002:3 1.5
2002:4 1.6
2003:1 1.6
2003:2 1.5
2003:3 1.7
2003:4 1.6
2004:1 1.5
2004:2 1.5
2004:3 1.6
2004:4 1.6
2005:1 1.6
2005:2 1.6
2005:3 1.8
2005:4 1.8
2006:1 1.8
2006:2 1.9
2006:3 2.1
2006:4 2.2
2007:1 2.5
2007:2 2.3
2007:3 2.4
2007:4 2.5
2008:1 2.6
2008:2 2.5
2008:3 2.5
2008:4 2.5
2009:1 2.4
2009:2 2.2
2009:3 2.2
2009:4 2.3
2010:1 2.3
2010:2 2.2
2010:3 2.1
2010:4 2.3
2011:1 2.2
2011:2 2.2
2011:3 2.1
2011:4 2

Note: Vertical shading represents NBER recession dates (approximately early to late 1979, late 1980 to the end of 1981, mid 1989 through early 1990, early 2000 though late 2000, and 2007 though mid 2008.)

Source: Census Bureau.

Credit Scores on Newly Originated Mortgages

Date 90th percentile Median 10th percentile
Jan-96 783 719 616
Feb-96 784 722 617
Mar-96 785 721 612
Apr-96 783 717 611
May-96 782 714 610
Jun-96 783 716 611
Jul-96 782 716 613
Aug-96 783 717 616
Sep-96 786 720 614
Oct-96 784 718 616
Nov-96 782 719 621
Dec-96 783 724 623
Jan-97 783 725 625
Feb-97 783 723 623
Mar-97 784 728 629
Apr-97 783 725 628
May-97 785 728 630
Jun-97 785 730 634
Jul-97 786 731 636
Aug-97 786 733 639
Sep-97 785 730 635
Oct-97 785 730 638
Nov-97 784 730 637
Dec-97 784 729 637
Jan-98 785 731 640
Feb-98 783 731 640
Mar-98 783 729 641
Apr-98 784 731 642
May-98 784 732 643
Jun-98 784 733 644
Jul-98 784 733 646
Aug-98 784 734 646
Sep-98 785 733 644
Oct-98 786 733 645
Nov-98 785 733 646
Dec-98 784 731 645
Jan-99 784 731 645
Feb-99 783 730.5 645
Mar-99 783 731 645
Apr-99 784 731 645
May-99 783 732 646
Jun-99 783 733 649
Jul-99 782 732 647
Aug-99 782 731 645
Sep-99 781 728 643
Oct-99 781 728 643
Nov-99 782 727 641
Dec-99 782 727 640
Jan-00 781 726 642
Feb-00 781 726 638
Mar-00 781 725 638
Apr-00 782 727 641
May-00 783 728 641
Jun-00 784 730 641
Jul-00 784 731 642
Aug-00 785 731 643
Sep-00 785 731 643
Oct-00 785 729 641
Nov-00 784 728 640
Dec-00 785 727 641
Jan-01 785 728 641
Feb-01 784 728 640
Mar-01 785 728 642
Apr-01 785 728 641
May-01 786 729 641
Jun-01 786 730 640
Jul-01 786 729 639
Aug-01 786 728 639
Sep-01 787 728 639
Oct-01 787 726 638
Nov-01 787 728 639
Dec-01 786 725 637
Jan-02 786 724 634
Feb-02 786 726 636
Mar-02 786 726.5 635
Apr-02 787 726 634
May-02 787 726 636
Jun-02 788 729 637
Jul-02 788 729 639
Aug-02 788 730.5 641
Sep-02 788 730 641
Oct-02 788 730 642
Nov-02 787 730 642
Dec-02 787 728 640
Jan-03 786 727 637
Feb-03 786 727 638
Mar-03 786 728 639
Apr-03 786 729 640
May-03 787 730 641
Jun-03 787 732 643
Jul-03 787 732 645
Aug-03 787 732 645
Sep-03 787 729 642
Oct-03 786 727 642
Nov-03 786 727 643
Dec-03 786 727 643
Jan-04 785 727 643
Feb-04 785 727 643
Mar-04 786 728 644
Apr-04 787 729 645
May-04 787 730 645
Jun-04 788 731 645
Jul-04 788 730 645
Aug-04 788 730 644
Sep-04 788 729 645
Oct-04 789 730 645
Nov-04 790 730 646
Dec-04 790 730 645
Jan-05 791 730 645
Feb-05 791 730 646
Mar-05 792 732 647
Apr-05 794 735 648
May-05 794 736 650
Jun-05 794 737 651
Jul-05 794 737 652
Aug-05 794 736 652
Sep-05 794 735 652
Oct-05 794 734 650
Nov-05 794 734 649
Dec-05 793 730 645
Jan-06 793 729 644
Feb-06 792 729 644
Mar-06 793 730 644
Apr-06 794 731 645
May-06 794 732 645
Jun-06 795 734 646
Jul-06 795 732 644
Aug-06 794 732 644
Sep-06 794 729 643
Oct-06 794 728 642
Nov-06 793 727 641
Dec-06 794 729 641
Jan-07 794 728 639
Feb-07 793 727 638
Mar-07 794 728 637
Apr-07 794 727 635
May-07 794 728 637
Jun-07 795 732 640
Jul-07 795 732 641
Aug-07 795 730 638
Sep-07 794 729 637
Oct-07 795 729 637
Nov-07 795 731 640
Dec-07 795 732 643
Jan-08 795 734 649
Feb-08 795 737 654
Mar-08 797 741 660
Apr-08 798 747 669
May-08 800 752 676
Jun-08 800 755 680
Jul-08 800 755.5 681
Aug-08 800 756 680
Sep-08 801 757 681
Oct-08 801 759 684
Nov-08 801 760 684
Dec-08 801 762 687
Jan-09 801 765 692
Feb-09 802 766 695
Mar-09 802 766 697
Apr-09 803 767 698
May-09 803 769 698
Jun-09 803 769 698
Jul-09 802 768 696
Aug-09 802 767 691
Sep-09 802 767 688
Oct-09 802 766 688
Nov-09 802 765 684
Dec-09 802 766 684
Jan-10 802 767 688
Feb-10 801 767 689
Mar-10 802 767 687
Apr-10 803 768 685
May-10 804 771 696
Jun-10 804 773 702
Jul-10 805 774 704
Aug-10 805 774 705
Sep-10 804 774 705
Oct-10 805 774 704
Nov-10 804 773 702
Dec-10 803 772 698
Jan-11 803 769 695
Feb-11 802 770 695
Mar-11 803 769 694
Apr-11 803 769 693
May-11 804 770 691
Jun-11 803 769 692
Jul-11 803 769 689
Aug-11 802 768 687
Sep-11 802 768 686
Oct-11 803 769 692
Nov-11 803 770 692
Dec-11 803 770 693

Note: Shaded region shows 10th to 90th percentile, line shows the median.

Source: LPS Applied Analytics.

Prices of Existing Single-Family Houses

Date Index, Jan. 2000 = 100
Jan-80 39.22
Feb-80 39.52
Mar-80 39.72
Apr-80 40.17
May-80 40.25
Jun-80 40.37
Jul-80 40.97
Aug-80 41.48
Sep-80 41.92
Oct-80 42.23
Nov-80 42.59
Dec-80 42.89
Jan-81 43.08
Feb-81 43.4
Mar-81 43.79
Apr-81 44.25
May-81 44.3
Jun-81 44.33
Jul-81 44.31
Aug-81 44.56
Sep-81 44.63
Oct-81 44.93
Nov-81 45.15
Dec-81 45.51
Jan-82 45.42
Feb-82 45.46
Mar-82 45.53
Apr-82 45.58
May-82 45.71
Jun-82 45.56
Jul-82 45.36
Aug-82 45.51
Sep-82 45.6
Oct-82 45.69
Nov-82 45.7
Dec-82 45.86
Jan-83 45.88
Feb-83 45.96
Mar-83 46.07
Apr-83 46.28
May-83 46.47
Jun-83 46.76
Jul-83 46.94
Aug-83 47.26
Sep-83 47.46
Oct-83 47.67
Nov-83 47.88
Dec-83 48.13
Jan-84 48.34
Feb-84 48.55
Mar-84 48.63
Apr-84 48.94
May-84 49.17
Jun-84 49.36
Jul-84 49.57
Aug-84 49.81
Sep-84 50.05
Oct-84 50.15
Nov-84 50.34
Dec-84 50.43
Jan-85 50.61
Feb-85 50.86
Mar-85 51.14
Apr-85 51.49
May-85 51.7
Jun-85 51.88
Jul-85 52.12
Aug-85 52.34
Sep-85 52.63
Oct-85 53
Nov-85 53.39
Dec-85 53.77
Jan-86 54.22
Feb-86 54.56
Mar-86 54.92
Apr-86 55.17
May-86 55.5
Jun-86 55.99
Jul-86 56.45
Aug-86 56.92
Sep-86 57.31
Oct-86 57.73
Nov-86 58.1
Dec-86 58.31
Jan-87 59.14
Feb-87 59.87
Mar-87 60.54
Apr-87 60.98
May-87 61.51
Jun-87 62.1
Jul-87 62.59
Aug-87 63.05
Sep-87 63.5
Oct-87 63.76
Nov-87 64.16
Dec-87 64.61
Jan-88 65.13
Feb-88 65.54
Mar-88 65.62
Apr-88 65.99
May-88 66.45
Jun-88 67.22
Jul-88 68.02
Aug-88 68.64
Sep-88 69.17
Oct-88 69.79
Nov-88 70.32
Dec-88 70.82
Jan-89 71.45
Feb-89 71.98
Mar-89 72.48
Apr-89 72.99
May-89 73.28
Jun-89 73.53
Jul-89 73.53
Aug-89 73.61
Sep-89 74.09
Oct-89 74.55
Nov-89 74.91
Dec-89 75.2
Jan-90 75.46
Feb-90 75.75
Mar-90 75.98
Apr-90 76.07
May-90 75.98
Jun-90 75.91
Jul-90 75.87
Aug-90 75.71
Sep-90 75.65
Oct-90 75.43
Nov-90 75.3
Dec-90 75.13
Jan-91 74.81
Feb-91 74.52
Mar-91 74.32
Apr-91 74.53
May-91 74.81
Jun-91 75.1
Jul-91 75.07
Aug-91 75.06
Sep-91 74.95
Oct-91 74.79
Nov-91 74.74
Dec-91 74.68
Jan-92 74.72
Feb-92 74.72
Mar-92 74.81
Apr-92 74.87
May-92 74.85
Jun-92 74.74
Jul-92 74.59
Aug-92 74.6
Sep-92 74.65
Oct-92 74.8
Nov-92 74.95
Dec-92 74.91
Jan-93 74.95
Feb-93 75.07
Mar-93 75.12
Apr-93 75.27
May-93 75.41
Jun-93 75.59
Jul-93 75.77
Aug-93 75.98
Sep-93 76.26
Oct-93 76.54
Nov-93 76.91
Dec-93 77.07
Jan-94 77.15
Feb-94 77.19
Mar-94 77.14
Apr-94 77.04
May-94 77.21
Jun-94 77.39
Jul-94 77.47
Aug-94 77.56
Sep-94 77.65
Oct-94 77.76
Nov-94 77.88
Dec-94 77.98
Jan-95 77.97
Feb-95 78
Mar-95 78.07
Apr-95 78.23
May-95 78.48
Jun-95 78.63
Jul-95 78.94
Aug-95 79.2
Sep-95 79.4
Oct-95 79.55
Nov-95 79.71
Dec-95 79.88
Jan-96 80.09
Feb-96 80.35
Mar-96 80.54
Apr-96 80.75
May-96 80.96
Jun-96 81.13
Jul-96 81.25
Aug-96 81.32
Sep-96 81.45
Oct-96 81.6
Nov-96 81.75
Dec-96 81.97
Jan-97 82.14
Feb-97 82.35
Mar-97 82.56
Apr-97 82.76
May-97 83.04
Jun-97 83.43
Jul-97 83.77
Aug-97 84.14
Sep-97 84.59
Oct-97 85.02
Nov-97 85.5
Dec-97 86.01
Jan-98 86.53
Feb-98 87.5
Mar-98 88.05
Apr-98 88.41
May-98 88.75
Jun-98 89.16
Jul-98 89.66
Aug-98 90.24
Sep-98 90.83
Oct-98 91.47
Nov-98 92.18
Dec-98 92.7
Jan-99 93.16
Feb-99 93.5
Mar-99 93.93
Apr-99 94.51
May-99 95.16
Jun-99 95.84
Jul-99 96.42
Aug-99 97.1
Sep-99 97.72
Oct-99 98.43
Nov-99 99.09
Dec-99 99.86
Jan-00 100.71
Feb-00 101.6
Mar-00 102.63
Apr-00 103.61
May-00 104.59
Jun-00 105.42
Jul-00 106.17
Aug-00 106.98
Sep-00 107.87
Oct-00 108.75
Nov-00 109.58
Dec-00 110.23
Jan-01 111.38
Feb-01 112.47
Mar-01 113.4
Apr-01 114.02
May-01 114.52
Jun-01 115.16
Jul-01 116
Aug-01 116.72
Sep-01 117.53
Oct-01 118.42
Nov-01 119.32
Dec-01 119.66
Jan-02 120.67
Feb-02 121.51
Mar-02 122.33
Apr-02 123.25
May-02 124.44
Jun-02 125.63
Jul-02 126.9
Aug-02 128.05
Sep-02 128.97
Oct-02 129.76
Nov-02 130.59
Dec-02 131.07
Jan-03 132.61
Feb-03 133.48
Mar-03 134.47
Apr-03 135.32
May-03 136.29
Jun-03 137.31
Jul-03 138.51
Aug-03 139.99
Sep-03 141.49
Oct-03 142.98
Nov-03 144.55
Dec-03 145.78
Jan-04 148.28
Feb-04 150.23
Mar-04 152.53
Apr-04 154.47
May-04 156.58
Jun-04 158.87
Jul-04 160.77
Aug-04 162.24
Sep-04 164.1
Oct-04 166.02
Nov-04 168.01
Dec-04 169.67
Jan-05 173
Feb-05 175.94
Mar-05 179.99
Apr-05 181.92
May-05 183.89
Jun-05 186.17
Jul-05 188.17
Aug-05 189.84
Sep-05 192.18
Oct-05 193.73
Nov-05 195.23
Dec-05 196.43
Jan-06 198.45
Feb-06 199.71
Mar-06 201.61
Apr-06 200.85
May-06 200.21
Jun-06 199.12
Jul-06 198.13
Aug-06 197.23
Sep-06 197.8
Oct-06 198.13
Nov-06 198.28
Dec-06 198.37
Jan-07 197.57
Feb-07 196.66
Mar-07 195.94
Apr-07 194.44
May-07 192.55
Jun-07 190.72
Jul-07 188.82
Aug-07 186.69
Sep-07 185.16
Oct-07 183.14
Nov-07 181.05
Dec-07 179.36
Jan-08 177.48
Feb-08 174.52
Mar-08 172.53
Apr-08 169.58
May-08 167.07
Jun-08 164.93
Jul-08 162.45
Aug-08 160.19
Sep-08 157.86
Oct-08 155.03
Nov-08 152.09
Dec-08 149.22
Jan-09 145.94
Feb-09 143.09
Mar-09 142.48
Apr-09 141.92
May-09 142.25
Jun-09 143.46
Jul-09 144.03
Aug-09 144.35
Sep-09 144.45
Oct-09 144.63
Nov-09 145.13
Dec-09 145.17
Jan-10 145.52
Feb-10 144.03
Mar-10 146.18
Apr-10 146.51
May-10 146.3
Jun-10 146.14
Jul-10 144.49
Aug-10 142.78
Sep-10 141.45
Oct-10 140.59
Nov-10 140.01
Dec-10 139.7
Jan-11 138.98
Feb-11 136.96
Mar-11 137.69
Apr-11 137.69
May-11 137.25
Jun-11 138
Jul-11 137.63
Aug-11 136.75
Sep-11 136.38
Oct-11 135.48
Nov-11 134.53
Dec-11 134.02

Note: Includes purchase transactions only.

Source: CoreLogic.

Real GDP

Year Billions of chained (2005) Dollars, log scale GDP Trend, billions of chained (2005) dollars.
1900 379.77 361.25
1901 423.55 373.78
1902 428.16 386.74
1903 456.17 400.15
1904 433.32 414.03
1905 477.44 428.38
1906 543.46 443.24
1907 533.3 458.61
1908 463.06 474.51
1909 540.03 490.97
1910 535.23 507.99
1911 553.21 525.61
1912 579.7 543.83
1913 602.67 562.69
1914 555.02 582.21
1915 569.79 602.4
1916 649.2 623.28
1917 631.35 644.9
1918 690 667.26
1919 693.05 690.4
1920 682.65 714.34
1921 665.96 739.11
1922 705.68 764.74
1923 799.59 791.26
1924 819.3 818.7
1925 845.1 847.09
1926 896.67 876.47
1927 906.55 906.86
1928 914.04 938.31
1929 976.15 970.85
1930 892.01 1004.51
1931 834.2 1039.35
1932 725.21 1075.39
1933 715.8 1112.68
1934 793.67 1151.26
1935 864.22 1191.19
1936 977.04 1232.49
1937 1027.09 1275.23
1938 991.8 1319.46
1939 1071.92 1365.21
1940 1165.88 1412.55
1941 1364.97 1461.54
1942 1616.84 1512.22
1943 1881.54 1564.66
1944 2033.45 1618.92
1945 2010.69 1675.05
1946 1790.68 1733.14
1947 1774.63 1793.24
1948 1852.66 1855.43
1949 1843.13 1919.77
1950 2004.24 1986.34
1951 2159.3 2055.22
1952 2241.95 2126.49
1953 2345.24 2200.23
1954 2330.37 2276.53
1955 2498.17 2355.47
1956 2547.57 2437.15
1957 2598.84 2521.67
1958 2575.43 2609.11
1959 2760.1 2699.59
1960 2828.52 2793.2
1961 2894.41 2890.06
1962 3069.77 2990.28
1963 3203.97 3093.98
1964 3389.42 3201.27
1965 3607.05 3312.28
1966 3842.06 3427.14
1967 3939.16 3545.98
1968 4129.87 3668.95
1969 4258.16 3796.18
1970 4266.3 3927.82
1971 4409.5 4064.03
1972 4643.76 4204.96
1973 4912.81 4350.77
1974 4885.74 4501.64
1975 4875.36 4657.75
1976 5136.91 4819.27
1977 5373.06 4986.39
1978 5672.78 5159.3
1979 5850.05 5338.21
1980 5834 5523.33
1981 5982.08 5714.86
1982 5865.93 5913.04
1983 6130.93 6118.08
1984 6571.5 6330.24
1985 6843.42 6549.76
1986 7080.46 6776.88
1987 7307.04 7011.89
1988 7607.39 7255.04
1989 7879.2 7506.63
1990 8027.05 7766.94
1991 8008.3 8036.27
1992 8280 8314.95
1993 8516.18 8603.29
1994 8863.1 8901.63
1995 9085.96 9210.31
1996 9425.84 9529.7
1997 9845.92 9860.16
1998 10274.74 10202.08
1999 10770.65 10555.86
2000 11216.4 10921.91
2001 11337.47 11300.66
2002 11543.12 11692.53
2003 11836.43 12098
2004 12246.93 12517.52
2005 12622.96 12951.59
2006 12958.49 13400.72
2007 13206.37 13865.42
2008 13161.94 14346.24
2009 12703.12 14843.72
2010 13087.98 15358.46
2011 13313.43 15891.05

Note: Vertical shading represents NBER recession dates (approximately 1902 through 1904, 1907 though 1908, 1910 through 1912, 1913 through 1914, 1918 through 1919, 1920 though 1921, 1923 through 1924, 1926 tough 1927, 1929 though 1933, 1937 though 1938, 1945, 1948 though 1949, 1953 though 1954, 1957 though 1958, 1960 through 1961, 1969 though 1970, 1973 though 1975, 1980, 1981 though 1982, 1990 though 1991, 2001, and 2007 though 2009). Dashed line denotes trend (column 3 in table).

Source: For 1900-1926, Historical Statistics of the United States: Millenial Edition, table Ca9; for 1929-present, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

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Last Update: January 27, 2017