Accessible Version
Are Rising Home Values Restraining Homebuying for Lower-Income Families? Accessible Data
Figure 1: County house price growth vs. county income growth, 2012-2015
FIPS County Code | Growth in median household income, 2012-15 | Growth in median home value, 2012-15 |
---|---|---|
1003 | 7% | 12% |
1055 | 27% | 4% |
1069 | 8% | 9% |
1073 | 10% | 4% |
1077 | 2% | 6% |
1089 | 3% | 4% |
1097 | 8% | 2% |
1115 | 5% | 9% |
1117 | 7% | 10% |
1125 | 19% | 12% |
2020 | 8% | 11% |
2090 | 10% | -1% |
4003 | 0% | -6% |
4005 | 16% | 26% |
4013 | 9% | 41% |
4015 | 19% | 26% |
4019 | 5% | 16% |
4021 | 1% | 39% |
4025 | 9% | 32% |
4027 | 3% | 14% |
5007 | 12% | 13% |
5031 | -9% | 16% |
5045 | 2% | 6% |
5051 | -9% | 1% |
5119 | 4% | 1% |
5125 | -5% | 2% |
5131 | 8% | 4% |
5143 | 12% | 10% |
5145 | 0% | 8% |
6001 | 16% | 62% |
6007 | 11% | 23% |
6013 | 12% | 56% |
6017 | 13% | 41% |
6019 | 13% | 38% |
6023 | 0% | 7% |
6025 | 2% | 33% |
6029 | 12% | 41% |
6031 | 0% | 25% |
6033 | 12% | 69% |
6037 | 12% | 36% |
6039 | 12% | 41% |
6041 | 11% | 31% |
6045 | 1% | 32% |
6047 | -4% | 68% |
6053 | 4% | 46% |
6055 | 10% | 45% |
6057 | 1% | 39% |
6059 | 9% | 36% |
6061 | 10% | 40% |
6065 | 11% | 47% |
6067 | 12% | 55% |
6071 | 6% | 51% |
6073 | 12% | 34% |
6075 | 26% | 57% |
6077 | 6% | 68% |
6079 | 4% | 34% |
6081 | 24% | 54% |
6083 | 3% | 37% |
6085 | 12% | 51% |
6087 | -4% | 37% |
6089 | 3% | 33% |
6095 | 9% | 71% |
6097 | 11% | 50% |
6099 | 13% | 66% |
6101 | 11% | 51% |
6107 | 5% | 37% |
6111 | 12% | 31% |
6113 | 17% | 45% |
6115 | 16% | 54% |
8001 | 14% | 42% |
8005 | 11% | 40% |
8013 | 7% | 31% |
8031 | 15% | 44% |
8035 | 13% | 30% |
8041 | 9% | 14% |
8059 | 5% | 35% |
8069 | 16% | 27% |
8077 | 12% | 8% |
8101 | -3% | 13% |
8123 | 27% | 38% |
9001 | 8% | 9% |
9003 | 10% | 0% |
9005 | 4% | 4% |
9007 | 12% | 4% |
9009 | 4% | 3% |
9011 | -1% | 3% |
9013 | 9% | -1% |
9015 | 16% | 2% |
10001 | 7% | 9% |
10003 | 7% | 8% |
11001 | 14% | 34% |
12001 | 15% | 11% |
12005 | 5% | 17% |
12009 | 9% | 35% |
12011 | 8% | 46% |
12015 | 1% | 33% |
12017 | 2% | 19% |
12019 | 7% | 18% |
12021 | 15% | 37% |
12023 | 31% | 10% |
12031 | 14% | 26% |
12033 | 2% | 17% |
12035 | 14% | 28% |
12053 | 19% | 33% |
12055 | -1% | 16% |
12057 | 11% | 36% |
12061 | 22% | 28% |
12069 | 22% | 31% |
12071 | 9% | 37% |
12073 | -1% | 11% |
12081 | 7% | 36% |
12083 | 8% | 25% |
12085 | 15% | 33% |
12086 | 6% | 46% |
12087 | 14% | 31% |
12089 | -2% | 17% |
12091 | 5% | 16% |
12095 | 11% | 39% |
12097 | 5% | 42% |
12099 | 11% | 48% |
12101 | 8% | 27% |
12103 | 6% | 34% |
12105 | 7% | 32% |
12107 | -7% | -2% |
12109 | 15% | 22% |
12111 | 10% | 44% |
12113 | -2% | 11% |
12115 | 17% | 40% |
12117 | 4% | 34% |
12119 | 14% | 22% |
12127 | 5% | 33% |
13013 | 12% | 35% |
13015 | 9% | 28% |
13021 | 7% | -7% |
13031 | -7% | 5% |
13045 | 1% | 47% |
13047 | 21% | 2% |
13051 | 16% | 11% |
13057 | 11% | 20% |
13059 | -4% | 9% |
13067 | 11% | 25% |
13073 | 11% | 12% |
13077 | 10% | 20% |
13089 | 10% | 39% |
13095 | 17% | -2% |
13097 | 19% | 23% |
13113 | 1% | 23% |
13115 | 7% | 16% |
13117 | 11% | 29% |
13121 | 9% | 39% |
13127 | 3% | 12% |
13135 | 9% | 39% |
13139 | 11% | 16% |
13151 | 17% | 27% |
13153 | 1% | -1% |
13179 | -15% | -3% |
13185 | -7% | -5% |
13215 | -7% | -3% |
13217 | 4% | 42% |
13223 | 5% | 25% |
13245 | 12% | 1% |
13247 | 1% | 20% |
13295 | 24% | 9% |
13297 | 18% | 11% |
13313 | 31% | 23% |
15001 | 19% | 27% |
15003 | 8% | 23% |
15009 | 15% | 37% |
16001 | 6% | 32% |
16019 | 8% | 4% |
16027 | 3% | 47% |
16083 | 12% | 13% |
17019 | 8% | 2% |
17031 | 9% | 17% |
17037 | 21% | 9% |
17043 | 4% | 16% |
17089 | 9% | 18% |
17091 | 4% | -18% |
17093 | 11% | 16% |
17097 | 10% | 13% |
17099 | 6% | -1% |
17111 | 4% | 17% |
17113 | 5% | 5% |
17119 | 2% | -3% |
17143 | 16% | -3% |
17161 | 0% | 6% |
17163 | 8% | -5% |
17167 | 4% | 4% |
17179 | -7% | 3% |
17197 | 5% | 13% |
17201 | 1% | -6% |
18003 | 2% | 8% |
18005 | 1% | 13% |
18019 | 4% | 5% |
18035 | 10% | 12% |
18039 | 9% | 6% |
18043 | 8% | 5% |
18053 | -1% | -3% |
18057 | 6% | 13% |
18059 | 11% | 12% |
18063 | 3% | 5% |
18067 | 20% | 8% |
18081 | 12% | 14% |
18089 | 5% | 4% |
18095 | 5% | 9% |
18097 | 0% | 19% |
18105 | 17% | 7% |
18109 | 16% | 11% |
18127 | 1% | 8% |
18157 | 18% | 8% |
18163 | 3% | 12% |
18167 | -5% | 3% |
18177 | 26% | 2% |
19049 | 12% | 15% |
19113 | -1% | 3% |
19153 | 4% | 9% |
19155 | 6% | 6% |
20045 | 6% | 1% |
20091 | 13% | 12% |
20173 | 7% | 9% |
20177 | 7% | -7% |
20209 | 11% | 12% |
21015 | 2% | 5% |
21037 | -8% | 4% |
21047 | 3% | 2% |
21067 | 12% | 4% |
21093 | 0% | -3% |
21111 | 12% | 8% |
21117 | -3% | 3% |
21151 | 19% | 0% |
21227 | 8% | 11% |
22005 | 16% | 11% |
22015 | 5% | -3% |
22017 | 0% | 0% |
22019 | 3% | 15% |
22033 | 5% | 1% |
22045 | 6% | 29% |
22051 | 9% | 6% |
22057 | 8% | -1% |
22063 | 12% | 18% |
22071 | 14% | 20% |
22079 | 5% | 24% |
22097 | -15% | 25% |
22103 | 12% | 9% |
22105 | 23% | 1% |
22109 | -15% | -2% |
24001 | -1% | 5% |
24003 | 2% | 12% |
24005 | 10% | 10% |
24009 | 21% | 4% |
24013 | 6% | 10% |
24015 | 12% | 5% |
24017 | -2% | 10% |
24021 | 4% | 18% |
24025 | 2% | 3% |
24027 | 2% | 8% |
24031 | 4% | 12% |
24033 | 10% | 33% |
24037 | -1% | 1% |
24043 | 5% | 5% |
24045 | 6% | 7% |
24510 | 13% | 15% |
25001 | 11% | 9% |
25003 | 9% | 2% |
25005 | 12% | 13% |
25009 | 1% | 19% |
25011 | 6% | 5% |
25013 | 5% | 6% |
25015 | 3% | 4% |
25017 | 10% | 19% |
25021 | 17% | 20% |
25023 | 2% | 12% |
25025 | 11% | 31% |
25027 | 5% | 11% |
26005 | 10% | 19% |
26017 | 5% | 1% |
26021 | 7% | 8% |
26025 | 10% | 14% |
26037 | 11% | 20% |
26045 | 1% | 15% |
26049 | 9% | 36% |
26065 | 9% | 26% |
26075 | 19% | 31% |
26077 | 18% | 20% |
26081 | 7% | 22% |
26093 | 1% | 28% |
26099 | 5% | 44% |
26111 | 13% | 4% |
26115 | 7% | 22% |
26121 | 17% | 13% |
26125 | 11% | 41% |
26139 | 12% | 18% |
26147 | 15% | 33% |
26155 | 26% | 21% |
26159 | 8% | 28% |
26161 | 10% | 27% |
26163 | 5% | 21% |
27003 | 8% | 27% |
27013 | -2% | 8% |
27019 | 11% | 17% |
27037 | 8% | 28% |
27053 | 10% | 22% |
27109 | 10% | 11% |
27123 | 6% | 29% |
27137 | 7% | 10% |
27139 | 8% | 17% |
27141 | 16% | 25% |
27163 | 10% | 20% |
28033 | 12% | 4% |
28035 | 7% | -3% |
28047 | 3% | -11% |
28049 | 13% | 2% |
28059 | 2% | 1% |
28067 | -5% | 18% |
28081 | -4% | 7% |
28089 | 13% | 5% |
29019 | 14% | 6% |
29031 | 8% | 17% |
29037 | 14% | 3% |
29047 | 14% | 6% |
29051 | 12% | 1% |
29071 | 15% | 4% |
29077 | 8% | 5% |
29095 | 9% | 8% |
29097 | 18% | 2% |
29099 | 12% | 3% |
29183 | 4% | 10% |
29189 | 9% | 9% |
29510 | 20% | -1% |
30013 | 9% | 2% |
30063 | -6% | 6% |
30111 | 17% | 12% |
31055 | 14% | 11% |
31109 | 7% | 12% |
31153 | 10% | 15% |
32003 | 4% | 55% |
32031 | 15% | 66% |
33005 | 10% | 5% |
33009 | 11% | 3% |
33011 | 8% | 14% |
33013 | 17% | 12% |
33015 | 15% | 16% |
33017 | 18% | 13% |
34001 | 6% | -2% |
34003 | 8% | 11% |
34005 | 0% | 4% |
34007 | 10% | 3% |
34009 | 0% | 4% |
34011 | 9% | -3% |
34013 | 2% | 16% |
34015 | 6% | 3% |
34017 | 5% | 22% |
34019 | -3% | 8% |
34021 | 7% | 5% |
34023 | 2% | 8% |
34025 | 7% | 10% |
34027 | 7% | 9% |
34029 | 8% | 8% |
34031 | -5% | 6% |
34033 | 14% | 0% |
34035 | 3% | 7% |
34037 | -2% | 3% |
34039 | 8% | 8% |
34041 | 0% | 8% |
35001 | 3% | 6% |
35013 | 6% | -2% |
35031 | -5% | -1% |
35043 | 10% | 3% |
35049 | 10% | 5% |
35061 | 10% | -4% |
36001 | -3% | 4% |
36007 | 2% | 1% |
36009 | -8% | 1% |
36011 | 6% | 5% |
36015 | 16% | -3% |
36019 | -13% | 5% |
36027 | 8% | 3% |
36045 | 10% | -1% |
36047 | 13% | 27% |
36051 | 1% | 5% |
36055 | 7% | 5% |
36059 | 9% | 14% |
36061 | 13% | 21% |
36063 | -1% | 8% |
36067 | 9% | 3% |
36071 | 10% | 0% |
36075 | 6% | 4% |
36079 | -6% | 9% |
36081 | 10% | 14% |
36085 | 1% | 11% |
36087 | 3% | 10% |
36091 | 13% | 6% |
36093 | 9% | 0% |
36101 | 2% | 3% |
36103 | 2% | 3% |
36109 | 16% | 12% |
36111 | 4% | 2% |
36113 | 6% | 1% |
36119 | 11% | 12% |
37001 | -1% | 6% |
37019 | -5% | 9% |
37021 | 3% | 18% |
37023 | 15% | 3% |
37025 | 2% | 8% |
37031 | 2% | -2% |
37035 | -2% | 6% |
37037 | 2% | 10% |
37051 | -6% | -4% |
37057 | 6% | 7% |
37063 | 5% | 10% |
37067 | 9% | 3% |
37071 | 8% | 13% |
37081 | 12% | 7% |
37085 | 7% | 2% |
37089 | 4% | 12% |
37097 | 14% | 5% |
37101 | 11% | 9% |
37109 | 2% | 4% |
37119 | 3% | 19% |
37125 | 4% | 3% |
37127 | 7% | -9% |
37129 | 2% | 16% |
37133 | 4% | -6% |
37135 | 20% | 9% |
37151 | 2% | 4% |
37159 | 13% | 4% |
37179 | 20% | 15% |
37183 | 11% | 15% |
37195 | 11% | 3% |
38015 | 3% | 30% |
38017 | 5% | 24% |
39003 | 21% | 7% |
39013 | 4% | 22% |
39017 | 6% | 7% |
39023 | 22% | 9% |
39025 | 17% | 5% |
39035 | 8% | 5% |
39041 | 13% | 13% |
39043 | 6% | 11% |
39045 | 1% | 10% |
39049 | 8% | 11% |
39057 | 14% | 4% |
39061 | 9% | 7% |
39063 | 14% | 8% |
39085 | 11% | 6% |
39093 | 7% | 8% |
39095 | 5% | 6% |
39099 | 6% | 3% |
39101 | -6% | 6% |
39103 | 8% | 9% |
39109 | -7% | 4% |
39113 | 9% | 2% |
39119 | 9% | 9% |
39133 | 1% | 10% |
39139 | 8% | 4% |
39141 | 5% | 17% |
39145 | -3% | 13% |
39151 | 7% | 13% |
39153 | 5% | 8% |
39155 | 3% | 7% |
39165 | 11% | 13% |
39173 | 15% | 4% |
40017 | -1% | 12% |
40037 | 5% | 4% |
40109 | 14% | 8% |
40125 | 2% | 7% |
40143 | 8% | 10% |
41003 | 3% | 14% |
41005 | 8% | 33% |
41017 | 21% | 51% |
41019 | 4% | 9% |
41029 | -2% | 36% |
41033 | 21% | 25% |
41035 | 13% | 27% |
41039 | 16% | 17% |
41043 | 9% | 18% |
41047 | 15% | 22% |
41051 | 14% | 33% |
41053 | 17% | 19% |
41059 | 1% | 16% |
41067 | 11% | 31% |
41071 | 8% | 30% |
42001 | 1% | 4% |
42003 | 7% | 11% |
42005 | 6% | 12% |
42007 | 6% | 11% |
42011 | 8% | 4% |
42013 | 10% | 4% |
42017 | 7% | 8% |
42019 | 20% | 11% |
42021 | 11% | 3% |
42025 | 13% | -3% |
42027 | 11% | 10% |
42029 | 10% | 10% |
42033 | 7% | 6% |
42037 | -8% | 3% |
42041 | 11% | 3% |
42043 | 4% | 3% |
42045 | 11% | 0% |
42049 | 2% | 5% |
42055 | 12% | 5% |
42063 | 6% | 4% |
42069 | 13% | -1% |
42071 | 8% | 6% |
42073 | -1% | 7% |
42075 | 2% | -3% |
42077 | 5% | 3% |
42079 | 19% | 6% |
42085 | 12% | 5% |
42089 | 2% | -3% |
42091 | 8% | 7% |
42095 | 13% | 4% |
42097 | 10% | 11% |
42101 | 17% | 6% |
42111 | -6% | -6% |
42125 | 7% | 6% |
42129 | 8% | 9% |
42133 | 5% | 6% |
44003 | 10% | 9% |
44005 | 2% | 15% |
44007 | 5% | 16% |
44009 | 3% | 7% |
45003 | 3% | -1% |
45007 | 11% | 8% |
45013 | 11% | 14% |
45015 | 14% | 13% |
45035 | 2% | 13% |
45041 | -1% | 7% |
45045 | 11% | 12% |
45057 | 2% | 7% |
45063 | 6% | 4% |
45073 | 16% | -4% |
45075 | 13% | -9% |
45079 | 7% | 6% |
45083 | 10% | 6% |
45085 | 4% | 2% |
45091 | 11% | 7% |
47001 | 11% | 4% |
47009 | 7% | 6% |
47011 | 11% | 3% |
47037 | 17% | 24% |
47059 | 1% | 10% |
47065 | 2% | 7% |
47113 | 11% | 5% |
47119 | 21% | 14% |
47125 | 2% | 3% |
47141 | 29% | 7% |
47147 | -5% | 11% |
47149 | 13% | 17% |
47155 | -3% | 7% |
47157 | 5% | 11% |
47163 | 11% | 10% |
47165 | 8% | 13% |
47179 | 7% | 3% |
47187 | 13% | 20% |
47189 | 14% | 24% |
48027 | 0% | 3% |
48041 | 11% | 10% |
48061 | 10% | 2% |
48085 | 6% | 32% |
48091 | 20% | 14% |
48099 | -2% | -3% |
48113 | 10% | 25% |
48121 | 6% | 28% |
48139 | 19% | 15% |
48141 | 8% | -3% |
48183 | 13% | 2% |
48209 | 12% | 21% |
48213 | 29% | 3% |
48231 | 9% | 12% |
48251 | 2% | 12% |
48257 | 7% | 19% |
48329 | 32% | 25% |
48347 | 22% | 6% |
48367 | 4% | 18% |
48397 | 10% | 26% |
48439 | 8% | 21% |
48451 | 8% | 23% |
48453 | 14% | 31% |
48479 | 9% | 19% |
48491 | 11% | 29% |
49011 | 4% | 16% |
49035 | 12% | 25% |
49049 | 12% | 24% |
49053 | 25% | 21% |
49057 | 9% | 14% |
51003 | -3% | 9% |
51013 | 6% | 15% |
51015 | 20% | 8% |
51019 | -6% | 5% |
51041 | 7% | 10% |
51059 | 6% | 13% |
51061 | 10% | 18% |
51069 | 7% | 16% |
51085 | 11% | 11% |
51087 | 13% | 14% |
51095 | -7% | 8% |
51107 | 6% | 11% |
51153 | 6% | 16% |
51161 | 10% | 6% |
51177 | -4% | 21% |
51179 | -2% | 11% |
51199 | 18% | 9% |
51510 | 11% | 14% |
51550 | 3% | 7% |
51650 | 9% | -1% |
51680 | 7% | 4% |
51700 | 2% | -3% |
51710 | 8% | 7% |
51740 | 16% | 3% |
51760 | 5% | 8% |
51770 | 5% | 4% |
51800 | -6% | 3% |
51810 | 9% | 7% |
53005 | 8% | 25% |
53007 | 24% | 13% |
53009 | 6% | 10% |
53011 | 15% | 32% |
53015 | 5% | 16% |
53021 | 8% | 9% |
53025 | 12% | 8% |
53027 | 5% | 0% |
53029 | 5% | 11% |
53033 | 19% | 34% |
53035 | 12% | 16% |
53041 | 12% | 14% |
53053 | 4% | 24% |
53057 | 7% | 18% |
53061 | 14% | 35% |
53063 | 2% | 11% |
53067 | 7% | 10% |
53073 | 7% | 13% |
53077 | 7% | 8% |
54039 | -4% | 1% |
55009 | 9% | 5% |
55025 | 9% | 10% |
55027 | 10% | 1% |
55035 | 8% | 9% |
55039 | 9% | 0% |
55059 | 3% | 6% |
55063 | 5% | 6% |
55071 | 9% | -2% |
55079 | 8% | 8% |
55089 | 5% | 7% |
55101 | 10% | 3% |
55105 | 17% | 12% |
55109 | 5% | 17% |
55127 | 20% | -2% |
55131 | 9% | 10% |
55133 | 7% | 9% |
55139 | 1% | 9% |
56021 | 12% | 6% |
56025 | -3% | 19% |
Sources: Zillow, ACS
Figure 2: Probability of mortgage denial due to high DTI or insufficient cash
Borrower Income | DTI Ratio | Insufficient Cash | Both |
---|---|---|---|
< $25k | 0.132 | 0.013 | 0.012 |
$25k - $49k | 0.038 | 0.008 | 0.004 |
$50k - $74k | 0.022 | 0.005 | 0.002 |
$75k - $99k | 0.016 | 0.004 | 0.002 |
>$100k | 0.014 | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Source: HMDA
Note: Figure displays the fraction of all home purchase loan applications that are denied for the stated reason of the borrower’s DTI ratio or insufficient cash. Applications restricted to first liens on owner-occupied, 1-4 family residences for which the lender reached a credit decision in 2016.
Figure 3: Mortgage loan amount relative to income
Borrower Income | Median Mortgage Debt to Income Ratio |
---|---|
< $25k | 3.71 |
$25k - $49k | 3.33 |
$50k - $74k | 2.99 |
$75k - $99k | 2.70 |
>$100k | 2.25 |
Source: HMDA
Note: First-lien home purchase loans for owner-occupied, 1-4-family residences in 2016.
Figure 4: Growth in the likelihood of getting a home purchase loan, by income and county house price growth
County house price growth, 2013-16 | Family income < $50k | Family income ≥ $50k |
---|---|---|
< 0% | 0.252 | 0.220 |
0%-9% | 0.239 | 0.244 |
10%-19% | 0.195 | 0.220 |
20%-34% | 0.165 | 0.230 |
>35% | 0.115 | 0.261 |
Sources: ACS, Zillow, HMDA
Notes: Each data point represents the change from 2013 to 2016 in the log fraction of families in a given income category and county group that took out a first-lien home purchase loan for a 1-4 family owner-occupied property. Numbers of loans are from the 2013 and 2016 HMDA data; numbers of families are from the 2012 and 2015 ACS.