Accessible Version
Inflation Thresholds and Policy-Rule Inertia: Some Simulation Results, Accessible Data
Figure 1. Simulated paths for asymmetric rules
Upper Left Panel
Unemployment rate
Low inertia 2 percent | Low inertia 2.2 percent | High inertia 2 percent | High inertia 2.2 percent | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2021Q1 | 6.58 | 6.58 | 6.58 | 6.58 |
2021Q2 | 6.14 | 6.11 | 6.13 | 6.12 |
2021Q3 | 5.55 | 5.49 | 5.53 | 5.51 |
2021Q4 | 5.00 | 4.91 | 4.97 | 4.94 |
2022Q1 | 4.64 | 4.51 | 4.60 | 4.56 |
2022Q2 | 4.43 | 4.28 | 4.38 | 4.33 |
2022Q3 | 4.31 | 4.12 | 4.25 | 4.19 |
2022Q4 | 4.21 | 3.99 | 4.14 | 4.07 |
2023Q1 | 4.08 | 3.83 | 4.00 | 3.92 |
2023Q2 | 3.93 | 3.66 | 3.84 | 3.75 |
2023Q3 | 3.79 | 3.49 | 3.71 | 3.60 |
2023Q4 | 3.71 | 3.38 | 3.62 | 3.50 |
2024Q1 | 3.69 | 3.32 | 3.60 | 3.46 |
2024Q2 | 3.71 | 3.32 | 3.63 | 3.47 |
2024Q3 | 3.77 | 3.33 | 3.67 | 3.51 |
2024Q4 | 3.83 | 3.34 | 3.70 | 3.54 |
2025Q1 | 3.86 | 3.34 | 3.71 | 3.55 |
2025Q2 | 3.88 | 3.32 | 3.71 | 3.55 |
2025Q3 | 3.90 | 3.30 | 3.71 | 3.55 |
2025Q4 | 3.91 | 3.29 | 3.70 | 3.54 |
2026Q1 | 3.92 | 3.28 | 3.69 | 3.55 |
2026Q2 | 3.93 | 3.28 | 3.69 | 3.55 |
2026Q3 | 3.95 | 3.29 | 3.70 | 3.56 |
2026Q4 | 3.96 | 3.31 | 3.70 | 3.56 |
2027Q1 | 3.97 | 3.35 | 3.70 | 3.57 |
2027Q2 | 3.98 | 3.39 | 3.70 | 3.58 |
2027Q3 | 3.99 | 3.44 | 3.71 | 3.59 |
2027Q4 | 4.00 | 3.49 | 3.71 | 3.60 |
2028Q1 | 4.01 | 3.53 | 3.72 | 3.61 |
2028Q2 | 4.02 | 3.58 | 3.72 | 3.63 |
2028Q3 | 4.02 | 3.63 | 3.73 | 3.64 |
2028Q4 | 4.03 | 3.67 | 3.74 | 3.66 |
2029Q1 | 4.03 | 3.71 | 3.75 | 3.67 |
2029Q2 | 4.04 | 3.75 | 3.76 | 3.69 |
2029Q3 | 4.04 | 3.79 | 3.77 | 3.71 |
2029Q4 | 4.05 | 3.83 | 3.78 | 3.72 |
2030Q1 | 4.05 | 3.86 | 3.80 | 3.74 |
2030Q2 | 4.06 | 3.89 | 3.81 | 3.76 |
2030Q3 | 4.06 | 3.92 | 3.82 | 3.78 |
2030Q4 | 4.06 | 3.95 | 3.83 | 3.79 |
Upper Right Panel
Inflation
Low inertia 2 percent | Low inertia 2.2 percent | High inertia 2 percent | High inertia 2.2 percent | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2021Q1 | 1.38 | 1.40 | 1.39 | 1.40 |
2021Q2 | 2.03 | 2.07 | 2.06 | 2.07 |
2021Q3 | 1.63 | 1.71 | 1.68 | 1.70 |
2021Q4 | 1.80 | 1.93 | 1.88 | 1.92 |
2022Q1 | 1.89 | 2.04 | 1.99 | 2.03 |
2022Q2 | 1.92 | 2.09 | 2.03 | 2.08 |
2022Q3 | 1.91 | 2.10 | 2.04 | 2.09 |
2022Q4 | 1.90 | 2.10 | 2.04 | 2.09 |
2023Q1 | 1.92 | 2.12 | 2.06 | 2.11 |
2023Q2 | 1.95 | 2.16 | 2.09 | 2.15 |
2023Q3 | 1.98 | 2.19 | 2.12 | 2.18 |
2023Q4 | 2.01 | 2.22 | 2.15 | 2.21 |
2024Q1 | 2.02 | 2.23 | 2.16 | 2.22 |
2024Q2 | 2.02 | 2.23 | 2.17 | 2.22 |
2024Q3 | 2.01 | 2.23 | 2.16 | 2.22 |
2024Q4 | 2.01 | 2.22 | 2.16 | 2.22 |
2025Q1 | 2.01 | 2.22 | 2.16 | 2.22 |
2025Q2 | 2.01 | 2.22 | 2.16 | 2.22 |
2025Q3 | 2.01 | 2.21 | 2.16 | 2.22 |
2025Q4 | 2.01 | 2.21 | 2.16 | 2.22 |
2026Q1 | 2.01 | 2.21 | 2.16 | 2.22 |
2026Q2 | 2.01 | 2.20 | 2.16 | 2.22 |
2026Q3 | 2.01 | 2.20 | 2.16 | 2.21 |
2026Q4 | 2.01 | 2.20 | 2.16 | 2.21 |
2027Q1 | 2.01 | 2.19 | 2.16 | 2.21 |
2027Q2 | 2.01 | 2.19 | 2.16 | 2.21 |
2027Q3 | 2.01 | 2.18 | 2.16 | 2.21 |
2027Q4 | 2.01 | 2.18 | 2.16 | 2.21 |
2028Q1 | 2.01 | 2.17 | 2.16 | 2.20 |
2028Q2 | 2.01 | 2.17 | 2.16 | 2.20 |
2028Q3 | 2.01 | 2.16 | 2.15 | 2.20 |
2028Q4 | 2.01 | 2.16 | 2.15 | 2.19 |
2029Q1 | 2.01 | 2.15 | 2.15 | 2.19 |
2029Q2 | 2.01 | 2.15 | 2.15 | 2.19 |
2029Q3 | 2.01 | 2.14 | 2.15 | 2.18 |
2029Q4 | 2.01 | 2.14 | 2.14 | 2.18 |
2030Q1 | 2.01 | 2.14 | 2.14 | 2.18 |
2030Q2 | 2.01 | 2.13 | 2.14 | 2.17 |
2030Q3 | 2.01 | 2.13 | 2.14 | 2.17 |
2030Q4 | 2.01 | 2.12 | 2.13 | 2.17 |
Lower Panel
Funds rate
Low inertia 2 percent | Low inertia 2.2 percent | High inertia 2 percent | High inertia 2.2 percent | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2021Q1 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2021Q2 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2021Q3 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2021Q4 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2022Q1 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2022Q2 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2022Q3 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2022Q4 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2023Q1 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2023Q2 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.13 |
2023Q3 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.42 | 0.13 |
2023Q4 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.56 | 0.13 |
2024Q1 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.69 | 0.29 |
2024Q2 | 0.48 | 0.13 | 0.81 | 0.44 |
2024Q3 | 0.79 | 0.13 | 0.93 | 0.58 |
2024Q4 | 1.04 | 0.13 | 1.04 | 0.72 |
2025Q1 | 1.26 | 0.13 | 1.14 | 0.84 |
2025Q2 | 1.44 | 0.13 | 1.23 | 0.96 |
2025Q3 | 1.60 | 0.13 | 1.32 | 1.07 |
2025Q4 | 1.74 | 0.13 | 1.40 | 1.17 |
2026Q1 | 1.85 | 0.13 | 1.48 | 1.27 |
2026Q2 | 1.95 | 0.13 | 1.56 | 1.36 |
2026Q3 | 2.03 | 0.53 | 1.63 | 1.45 |
2026Q4 | 2.10 | 0.86 | 1.69 | 1.53 |
2027Q1 | 2.16 | 1.14 | 1.75 | 1.60 |
2027Q2 | 2.21 | 1.38 | 1.81 | 1.67 |
2027Q3 | 2.26 | 1.59 | 1.87 | 1.74 |
2027Q4 | 2.29 | 1.76 | 1.92 | 1.80 |
2028Q1 | 2.33 | 1.90 | 1.96 | 1.86 |
2028Q2 | 2.35 | 2.03 | 2.01 | 1.92 |
2028Q3 | 2.38 | 2.13 | 2.05 | 1.97 |
2028Q4 | 2.40 | 2.21 | 2.09 | 2.01 |
2029Q1 | 2.41 | 2.29 | 2.13 | 2.06 |
2029Q2 | 2.43 | 2.35 | 2.16 | 2.10 |
2029Q3 | 2.44 | 2.40 | 2.19 | 2.14 |
2029Q4 | 2.45 | 2.44 | 2.22 | 2.17 |
2030Q1 | 2.46 | 2.47 | 2.25 | 2.21 |
2030Q2 | 2.47 | 2.50 | 2.28 | 2.24 |
2030Q3 | 2.47 | 2.53 | 2.30 | 2.27 |
2030Q4 | 2.48 | 2.55 | 2.32 | 2.29 |
Note: Low inertia refers to an economy with a policy rule with a 0.85 inertia coefficient and high inertia stands for an economy with a policy rule with a 0.94 inertia coefficient.
Figure 2. Simulated paths under Taylor 99 with 2.2 percent inflation threshold: asymmetric vs symmetric rule
Upper Left Panel
Unemployment
Asymmetric | Symmetric | |
---|---|---|
2021Q1 | 6.58 | 6.58 |
2021Q2 | 6.11 | 6.11 |
2021Q3 | 5.49 | 5.49 |
2021Q4 | 4.91 | 4.91 |
2022Q1 | 4.51 | 4.52 |
2022Q2 | 4.28 | 4.28 |
2022Q3 | 4.12 | 4.13 |
2022Q4 | 3.99 | 4.00 |
2023Q1 | 3.83 | 3.84 |
2023Q2 | 3.66 | 3.66 |
2023Q3 | 3.49 | 3.50 |
2023Q4 | 3.38 | 3.39 |
2024Q1 | 3.32 | 3.33 |
2024Q2 | 3.32 | 3.33 |
2024Q3 | 3.33 | 3.34 |
2024Q4 | 3.34 | 3.35 |
2025Q1 | 3.34 | 3.35 |
2025Q2 | 3.32 | 3.33 |
2025Q3 | 3.30 | 3.31 |
2025Q4 | 3.29 | 3.30 |
2026Q1 | 3.28 | 3.30 |
2026Q2 | 3.28 | 3.29 |
2026Q3 | 3.29 | 3.30 |
2026Q4 | 3.31 | 3.31 |
2027Q1 | 3.35 | 3.32 |
2027Q2 | 3.39 | 3.37 |
2027Q3 | 3.44 | 3.43 |
2027Q4 | 3.49 | 3.49 |
2028Q1 | 3.53 | 3.56 |
2028Q2 | 3.58 | 3.62 |
2028Q3 | 3.63 | 3.68 |
2028Q4 | 3.67 | 3.74 |
2029Q1 | 3.71 | 3.79 |
2029Q2 | 3.75 | 3.84 |
2029Q3 | 3.79 | 3.88 |
2029Q4 | 3.83 | 3.92 |
2030Q1 | 3.86 | 3.95 |
2030Q2 | 3.89 | 3.98 |
2030Q3 | 3.92 | 4.01 |
2030Q4 | 3.95 | 4.03 |
Upper Right Panel
Inflation
Asymmetric | Symmetric | |
---|---|---|
2021Q1 | 1.40 | 1.39 |
2021Q2 | 2.07 | 2.07 |
2021Q3 | 1.71 | 1.70 |
2021Q4 | 1.93 | 1.91 |
2022Q1 | 2.04 | 2.03 |
2022Q2 | 2.09 | 2.07 |
2022Q3 | 2.10 | 2.08 |
2022Q4 | 2.10 | 2.08 |
2023Q1 | 2.12 | 2.10 |
2023Q2 | 2.16 | 2.13 |
2023Q3 | 2.19 | 2.17 |
2023Q4 | 2.22 | 2.19 |
2024Q1 | 2.23 | 2.20 |
2024Q2 | 2.23 | 2.21 |
2024Q3 | 2.23 | 2.20 |
2024Q4 | 2.22 | 2.20 |
2025Q1 | 2.22 | 2.19 |
2025Q2 | 2.22 | 2.19 |
2025Q3 | 2.21 | 2.19 |
2025Q4 | 2.21 | 2.18 |
2026Q1 | 2.21 | 2.18 |
2026Q2 | 2.20 | 2.18 |
2026Q3 | 2.20 | 2.17 |
2026Q4 | 2.20 | 2.17 |
2027Q1 | 2.19 | 2.16 |
2027Q2 | 2.19 | 2.16 |
2027Q3 | 2.18 | 2.15 |
2027Q4 | 2.18 | 2.15 |
2028Q1 | 2.17 | 2.14 |
2028Q2 | 2.17 | 2.14 |
2028Q3 | 2.16 | 2.13 |
2028Q4 | 2.16 | 2.13 |
2029Q1 | 2.15 | 2.13 |
2029Q2 | 2.15 | 2.12 |
2029Q3 | 2.14 | 2.12 |
2029Q4 | 2.14 | 2.11 |
2030Q1 | 2.14 | 2.11 |
2030Q2 | 2.13 | 2.10 |
2030Q3 | 2.13 | 2.10 |
2030Q4 | 2.12 | 2.10 |
Lower Panel
Funds rate
Asymmetric | Symmetric | |
---|---|---|
2021Q1 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2021Q2 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2021Q3 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2021Q4 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2022Q1 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2022Q2 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2022Q3 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2022Q4 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2023Q1 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2023Q2 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2023Q3 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2023Q4 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2024Q1 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2024Q2 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2024Q3 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2024Q4 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2025Q1 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2025Q2 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2025Q3 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2025Q4 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2026Q1 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2026Q2 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
2026Q3 | 0.53 | 0.13 |
2026Q4 | 0.86 | 0.13 |
2027Q1 | 1.14 | 0.69 |
2027Q2 | 1.38 | 1.15 |
2027Q3 | 1.59 | 1.52 |
2027Q4 | 1.76 | 1.82 |
2028Q1 | 1.90 | 2.06 |
2028Q2 | 2.03 | 2.25 |
2028Q3 | 2.13 | 2.39 |
2028Q4 | 2.21 | 2.50 |
2029Q1 | 2.29 | 2.57 |
2029Q2 | 2.35 | 2.63 |
2029Q3 | 2.40 | 2.66 |
2029Q4 | 2.44 | 2.68 |
2030Q1 | 2.47 | 2.69 |
2030Q2 | 2.50 | 2.69 |
2030Q3 | 2.53 | 2.69 |
2030Q4 | 2.55 | 2.68 |
Note: Low inertia refers to an economy with a policy rule with a 0.85 inertia coefficient and high inertia stands for an economy with a policy rule with a 0.94 inertia coefficient.
Last Update:
April 12, 2021