April 2020 Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, Table 1

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Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States ¹

(Status of Policy as of April 2020)

Questions 1-6 ask about commercial and industrial (C&I) loans at your bank. Questions 1-3 deal with changes in your bank's lending policies over the past three months. Questions 4-5 deal with changes in demand for C&I loans over the past three months. Question 6 asks about changes in prospective demand for C&I loans at your bank, as indicated by the volume of recent inquiries about the availability of new credit lines or increases in existing lines. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

1. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines—other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions—to large and middle-market firms and to small firms changed? (If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested below, please use your definitions and indicate what they are.)

A. Standards for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	10	15.4	6	20.7	4	11.1
Tightened somewhat	20	30.8	12	41.4	8	22.2
Remained basically unchanged	32	49.2	9	31.0	23	63.9
Eased somewhat	3	4.6	2	6.9	1	2.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	29	100	36	100

B. Standards for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	7	11.1	4	15.4	3	8.1
Tightened somewhat	20	31.7	11	42.3	9	24.3
Remained basically unchanged	34	54.0	10	38.5	24	64.9
Eased somewhat	2	3.2	1	3.8	1	2.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	26	100	37	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to small firms."

2. For applications for C&I loans or credit lines—other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions—from large and middle-market firms and from small firms that your bank currently is willing to approve, how have the terms of those loans changed over the past three months?

A. Terms for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	5	7.6	4	13.8	1	2.7
Tightened somewhat	17	25.8	12	41.4	5	13.5
Remained basically unchanged	39	59.1	10	34.5	29	78.4
Eased somewhat	5	7.6	3	10.3	2	5.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	66	100	29	100	37	100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	5	7.7	4	14.3	1	2.7
Tightened somewhat	17	26.2	9	32.1	8	21.6
Remained basically unchanged	41	63.1	14	50.0	27	73.0
Eased somewhat	2	3.1	1	3.6	1	2.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	28	100	37	100

c. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	9	13.8	6	20.7	3	8.3
Tightened somewhat	16	24.6	10	34.5	6	16.7
Remained basically unchanged	36	55.4	12	41.4	24	66.7
Eased somewhat	4	6.2	1	3.4	3	8.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	29	100	36	100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	10	15.2	6	20.7	4	10.8
Tightened somewhat	23	34.8	13	44.8	10	27.0
Remained basically unchanged	27	40.9	9	31.0	18	48.6
Eased somewhat	5	7.6	1	3.4	4	10.8
Eased considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.7
Total	66	100	29	100	37	100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	11	16.7	7	24.1	4	10.8
Tightened somewhat	13	19.7	10	34.5	3	8.1
Remained basically unchanged	41	62.1	12	41.4	29	78.4
Eased somewhat	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	66	100	29	100	37	100

f. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	4	6.1	3	10.3	1	2.7
Tightened somewhat	19	28.8	12	41.4	7	18.9
Remained basically unchanged	42	63.6	14	48.3	28	75.7
Eased somewhat	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	66	100	29	100	37	100

g. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	5	7.7	3	10.7	2	5.4
Tightened somewhat	19	29.2	13	46.4	6	16.2
Remained basically unchanged	39	60.0	12	42.9	27	73.0
Eased somewhat	2	3.1	0	0.0	2	5.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	28	100	37	100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	18	27.3	9	31.0	9	24.3
Tightened somewhat	16	24.2	8	27.6	8	21.6
Remained basically unchanged	32	48.5	12	41.4	20	54.1
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	66	100	29	100	37	100

B. Terms for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	5	7.9	4	15.4	1	2.7
Tightened somewhat	15	23.8	10	38.5	5	13.5
Remained basically unchanged	39	61.9	10	38.5	29	78.4
Eased somewhat	4	6.3	2	7.7	2	5.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	26	100	37	100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	4	6.3	3	11.5	1	2.7
Tightened somewhat	15	23.8	9	34.6	6	16.2
Remained basically unchanged	42	66.7	13	50.0	29	78.4
Eased somewhat	2	3.2	1	3.8	1	2.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	26	100	37	100

c. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	5	7.9	2	7.7	3	8.1
Tightened somewhat	15	23.8	11	42.3	4	10.8
Remained basically unchanged	39	61.9	12	46.2	27	73.0
Eased somewhat	4	6.3	1	3.8	3	8.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	26	100	37	100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	9	14.3	4	15.4	5	13.5
Tightened somewhat	16	25.4	9	34.6	7	18.9
Remained basically unchanged	32	50.8	12	46.2	20	54.1
Eased somewhat	6	9.5	1	3.8	5	13.5
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	26	100	37	100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	7	11.3	4	16.0	3	8.1
Tightened somewhat	11	17.7	7	28.0	4	10.8
Remained basically unchanged	43	69.4	14	56.0	29	78.4
Eased somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	25	100	37	100

f. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	4	6.5	3	12.0	1	2.7
Tightened somewhat	12	19.4	6	24.0	6	16.2
Remained basically unchanged	45	72.6	16	64.0	29	78.4
Eased somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	25	100	37	100

g. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	6	9.8	3	12.5	3	8.1
Tightened somewhat	14	23.0	9	37.5	5	13.5
Remained basically unchanged	39	63.9	12	50.0	27	73.0
Eased somewhat	2	3.3	0	0.0	2	5.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	24	100	37	100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	12	19.4	5	20.0	7	18.9
Tightened somewhat	20	32.3	10	40.0	10	27.0
Remained basically unchanged	30	48.4	10	40.0	20	54.1
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	25	100	37	100

3. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit standards or its terms for C&I loans or credit lines over the past three months (as described in questions 1 and 2), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit standards or loan terms:

a. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected capital position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	30	71.4	16	72.7	14	70.0
Somewhat important	8	19.0	4	18.2	4	20.0
Very important	4	9.5	2	9.1	2	10.0
Total	42	100	22	100	20	100

b. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	4.7	1	4.3	1	5.0
Somewhat important	5	11.6	2	8.7	3	15.0
Very important	36	83.7	20	87.0	16	80.0
Total	43	100	23	100	20	100

c. Worsening of industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	4.7	1	4.3	1	5.0
Somewhat important	8	18.6	6	26.1	2	10.0
Very important	33	76.7	16	69.6	17	85.0
Total	43	100	23	100	20	100

d. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	32	74.4	18	78.3	14	70.0
Somewhat important	11	25.6	5	21.7	6	30.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	43	100	23	100	20	100

e. Reduced tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	10	23.3	5	21.7	5	25.0
Somewhat important	21	48.8	11	47.8	10	50.0
Very important	12	27.9	7	30.4	5	25.0
Total	43	100	23	100	20	100

f. Decreased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	24	54.5	11	45.8	13	65.0
Somewhat important	14	31.8	8	33.3	6	30.0
Very important	6	13.6	5	20.8	1	5.0
Total	44	100	24	100	20	100

g. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	27	62.8	16	69.6	11	55.0
Somewhat important	13	30.2	6	26.1	7	35.0
Very important	3	7.0	1	4.3	2	10.0
Total	43	100	23	100	20	100

h. Increased concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	26	60.5	17	73.9	9	45.0
Somewhat important	12	27.9	4	17.4	8	40.0
Very important	5	11.6	2	8.7	3	15.0
Total	43	100	23	100	20	100

B. Possible reasons for easing credit standards or loan terms:

a. Improvement in your bank's current or expected capital position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	57.1	2	100.0	2	40.0
Somewhat important	2	28.6	0	0.0	2	40.0
Very important	1	14.3	0	0.0	1	20.0
Total	7	100	2	100	5	100

b. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	3	50.0	2	100.0	1	25.0
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Very important	3	50.0	0	0.0	3	75.0
Total	6	100	2	100	4	100

c. Improvement in industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	66.7	2	100.0	2	50.0
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Very important	2	33.3	0	0.0	2	50.0
Total	6	100	2	100	4	100

d. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	33.3	1	50.0	1	25.0
Somewhat important	2	33.3	0	0.0	2	50.0
Very important	2	33.3	1	50.0	1	25.0
Total	6	100	2	100	4	100

e. Increased tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	66.7	2	100.0	2	50.0
Somewhat important	2	33.3	0	0.0	2	50.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	6	100	2	100	4	100

f. Increased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	5	83.3	2	100.0	3	75.0
Somewhat important	1	16.7	0	0.0	1	25.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	6	100	2	100	4	100

g. Improvement in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	3	50.0	2	100.0	1	25.0
Somewhat important	2	33.3	0	0.0	2	50.0
Very important	1	16.7	0	0.0	1	25.0
Total	6	100	2	100	4	100

h. Reduced concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	66.7	1	50.0	3	75.0
Somewhat important	1	16.7	1	50.0	0	0.0
Very important	1	16.7	0	0.0	1	25.0
Total	6	100	2	100	4	100

4. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for C&I loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

A. Demand for C&I loans from large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	11	16.7	11	37.9	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	11	16.7	8	27.6	3	8.1
About the same	27	40.9	4	13.8	23	62.2
Moderately weaker	14	21.2	6	20.7	8	21.6
Substantially weaker	3	4.5	0	0.0	3	8.1
Total	66	100	29	100	37	100

B. Demand for C&I loans from small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	7	11.1	6	23.1	1	2.7
Moderately stronger	11	17.5	7	26.9	4	10.8
About the same	27	42.9	5	19.2	22	59.5
Moderately weaker	15	23.8	8	30.8	7	18.9
Substantially weaker	3	4.8	0	0.0	3	8.1
Total	63	100	26	100	37	100

5. If demand for C&I loans has strengthened or weakened over the past three months (as described in question 4), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. If stronger loan demand (answer 1 or 2 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	11	55.0	9	50.0	2	100.0
Somewhat important	8	40.0	8	44.4	0	0.0
Very important	1	5.0	1	5.6	0	0.0
Total	20	100	18	100	2	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	9	45.0	8	44.4	1	50.0
Somewhat important	9	45.0	8	44.4	1	50.0
Very important	2	10.0	2	11.1	0	0.0
Total	20	100	18	100	2	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	18	90.0	16	88.9	2	100.0
Somewhat important	2	10.0	2	11.1	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	20	100	18	100	2	100

d. Customer internally generated funds decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	3	14.3	3	15.8	0	0.0
Somewhat important	3	14.3	2	10.5	1	50.0
Very important	15	71.4	14	73.7	1	50.0
Total	21	100	19	100	2	100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	19	95.0	17	94.4	2	100.0
Somewhat important	1	5.0	1	5.6	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	20	100	18	100	2	100

f. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became less attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	14	70.0	13	72.2	1	50.0
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Very important	6	30.0	5	27.8	1	50.0
Total	20	100	18	100	2	100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	1	4.5	0	0.0	1	33.3
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Very important	21	95.5	19	100.0	2	66.7
Total	22	100	19	100	3	100

B. If weaker loan demand (answer 4 or 5 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	9	52.9	3	42.9	6	60.0
Somewhat important	7	41.2	4	57.1	3	30.0
Very important	1	5.9	0	0.0	1	10.0
Total	17	100	7	100	10	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	8	47.1	3	42.9	5	50.0
Somewhat important	8	47.1	4	57.1	4	40.0
Very important	1	5.9	0	0.0	1	10.0
Total	17	100	7	100	10	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	23.5	1	14.3	3	30.0
Somewhat important	7	41.2	3	42.9	4	40.0
Very important	6	35.3	3	42.9	3	30.0
Total	17	100	7	100	10	100

d. Customer internally generated funds increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	10	62.5	4	57.1	6	66.7
Somewhat important	6	37.5	3	42.9	3	33.3
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	16	100	7	100	9	100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	7	43.8	1	14.3	6	66.7
Somewhat important	6	37.5	4	57.1	2	22.2
Very important	3	18.8	2	28.6	1	11.1
Total	16	100	7	100	9	100

f. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became more attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	12	75.0	5	71.4	7	77.8
Somewhat important	3	18.8	1	14.3	2	22.2
Very important	1	6.2	1	14.3	0	0.0
Total	16	100	7	100	9	100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	11	64.7	6	85.7	5	50.0
Somewhat important	5	29.4	1	14.3	4	40.0
Very important	1	5.9	0	0.0	1	10.0
Total	17	100	7	100	10	100

6. At your bank, apart from seasonal variation, how has the number of inquiries from potential business borrowers regarding the availability and terms of new credit lines or increases in existing lines changed over the past three months? (Please consider only inquiries for additional or increased C&I lines as opposed to the refinancing of existing loans.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
The number of inquiries has increased substantially	12	19.0	9	32.1	3	8.6
The number of inquiries has increased moderately	11	17.5	8	28.6	3	8.6
The number of inquiries has stayed about the same	26	41.3	6	21.4	20	57.1
The number of inquiries has decreased moderately	9	14.3	4	14.3	5	14.3
The number of inquiries has decreased substantially	5	7.9	1	3.6	4	11.4
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

Questions 7-12 ask about changes in standards and demand over the past three months for three different types of commercial real estate (CRE) loans at your bank: construction and land development loans, loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties, and loans secured by multifamily residential properties. Please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

7. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for construction and land development loans or credit lines changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	9	14.3	7	26.9	2	5.4
Tightened somewhat	24	38.1	15	57.7	9	24.3
Remained basically unchanged	30	47.6	4	15.4	26	70.3
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	26	100	37	100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans or credit lines."

8. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	9	13.8	8	28.6	1	2.7
Tightened somewhat	25	38.5	14	50.0	11	29.7
Remained basically unchanged	31	47.7	6	21.4	25	67.6
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	28	100	37	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties."

9. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	5	7.7	4	14.3	1	2.7
Tightened somewhat	27	41.5	14	50.0	13	35.1
Remained basically unchanged	33	50.8	10	35.7	23	62.2
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	28	100	37	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by multifamily residential properties."

10. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for construction and land development loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.7
About the same	31	49.2	5	19.2	26	70.3
Moderately weaker	25	39.7	16	61.5	9	24.3
Substantially weaker	6	9.5	5	19.2	1	2.7
Total	63	100	26	100	37	100

11. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.7
Moderately stronger	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.7
About the same	40	61.5	10	35.7	30	81.1
Moderately weaker	17	26.2	13	46.4	4	10.8
Substantially weaker	6	9.2	5	17.9	1	2.7
Total	65	100	28	100	37	100

12. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	4	6.2	2	7.1	2	5.4
About the same	43	66.2	16	57.1	27	73.0
Moderately weaker	13	20.0	6	21.4	7	18.9
Substantially weaker	5	7.7	4	14.3	1	2.7
Total	65	100	28	100	37	100

Note: Beginning with the January 2015 survey, the loan categories referred to in the questions regarding changes in credit standards and demand for residential mortgage loans have been revised to reflect the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's qualified mortgage rules.

Questions 13-14 ask about seven categories of residential mortgage loans at your bank: Government-Sponsored Enterprise eligible (GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, government residential mortgages, Qualified Mortgage non-jumbo non-GSE-eligible (QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages, and subprime residential mortgages. For the purposes of this survey, please use the following definitions of these loan categories and include first-lien closed-end loans to purchase homes only. The loan categories have been defined so that every first-lien closed-end residential mortgage loan used for home purchase fits into one of the following seven categories:

The GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that meet the underwriting guidelines, including loan limit amounts, of the GSEs - Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
The government category of residential mortgages includes loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration, guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, or originated under government programs, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture home loan programs.
The QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amounts set by the GSEs but otherwise do not meet the GSE underwriting guidelines.
The QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage but have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
The non-QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
The non-QM non-jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amount set by the GSEs. (Please exclude loans classified by your bank as subprime in this category.)
The subprime category of residential mortgages includes loans classified by your bank as subprime. This category typically includes loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories that include payment delinquencies, charge-offs, judgements, and/or bankruptcies; reduced repayment capacity as measured by credit scores or debt-to-income ratios; or incomplete credit histories.

Question 13 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if the standards are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards. Question 14 deals with changes in demand for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months.

13. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications from individuals for mortgage loans to purchase homes changed? (Please consider only new originations as opposed to the refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.4	1	5.0	2	5.6
Remained basically unchanged	51	91.1	18	90.0	33	91.7
Eased somewhat	2	3.6	1	5.0	1	2.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	56	100	20	100	36	100

For this question, 7 respondents answered "My bank does not originate GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

B. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	49	90.7	17	89.5	32	91.4
Eased somewhat	4	7.4	2	10.5	2	5.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	54	100	19	100	35	100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate government residential mortgages."

C. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.9	1	5.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	6	11.3	3	15.0	3	9.1
Remained basically unchanged	45	84.9	16	80.0	29	87.9
Eased somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	3.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	20	100	33	100

For this question, 10 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

D. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	2	3.7	2	10.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	8	14.8	3	15.0	5	14.7
Remained basically unchanged	44	81.5	15	75.0	29	85.3
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	54	100	20	100	34	100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM jumbo residential mortgages."

E. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.9	1	4.5	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	8	15.1	4	18.2	4	12.9
Remained basically unchanged	43	81.1	16	72.7	27	87.1
Eased somewhat	1	1.9	1	4.5	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	22	100	31	100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM jumbo residential mortgages."

F. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	2.0	1	4.8	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	7	14.3	3	14.3	4	14.3
Remained basically unchanged	40	81.6	16	76.2	24	85.7
Eased somewhat	1	2.0	1	4.8	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	49	100	21	100	28	100

For this question, 13 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages."

G. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	14.3	0	NaN	1	14.3
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	6	85.7	0	NaN	6	85.7
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Total	7	100	0	100	7	100

For this question, 56 respondents answered "My bank does not originate subprime residential mortgages."

14. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for mortgages to purchase homes changed over the past three months? (Please consider only applications for new originations as opposed to applications for refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	11	20.0	4	21.1	7	19.4
Moderately stronger	10	18.2	1	5.3	9	25.0
About the same	25	45.5	10	52.6	15	41.7
Moderately weaker	8	14.5	4	21.1	4	11.1
Substantially weaker	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.8
Total	55	100	19	100	36	100

B. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	7	13.0	3	15.8	4	11.4
Moderately stronger	13	24.1	3	15.8	10	28.6
About the same	28	51.9	11	57.9	17	48.6
Moderately weaker	4	7.4	1	5.3	3	8.6
Substantially weaker	2	3.7	1	5.3	1	2.9
Total	54	100	19	100	35	100

C. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	5	9.4	2	10.0	3	9.1
Moderately stronger	12	22.6	3	15.0	9	27.3
About the same	32	60.4	13	65.0	19	57.6
Moderately weaker	3	5.7	2	10.0	1	3.0
Substantially weaker	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	3.0
Total	53	100	20	100	33	100

D. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	7	12.7	4	20.0	3	8.6
Moderately stronger	14	25.5	4	20.0	10	28.6
About the same	28	50.9	10	50.0	18	51.4
Moderately weaker	5	9.1	2	10.0	3	8.6
Substantially weaker	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.9
Total	55	100	20	100	35	100

E. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	6	11.1	3	13.6	3	9.4
Moderately stronger	11	20.4	5	22.7	6	18.8
About the same	31	57.4	11	50.0	20	62.5
Moderately weaker	6	11.1	3	13.6	3	9.4
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	54	100	22	100	32	100

F. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	4	8.2	1	4.8	3	10.7
Moderately stronger	9	18.4	3	14.3	6	21.4
About the same	29	59.2	13	61.9	16	57.1
Moderately weaker	6	12.2	3	14.3	3	10.7
Substantially weaker	1	2.0	1	4.8	0	0.0
Total	49	100	21	100	28	100

G. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	14.3	0	NaN	1	14.3
Moderately stronger	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
About the same	5	71.4	0	NaN	5	71.4
Moderately weaker	1	14.3	0	NaN	1	14.3
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Total	7	100	0	100	7	100

Questions 15-16 ask about revolving home equity lines of credit at your bank. Question 15 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards over the past three months. Question 16 deals with changes in demand. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if they are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

15. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for revolving home equity lines of credit changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	3	5.4	2	9.1	1	2.9
Tightened somewhat	7	12.5	5	22.7	2	5.9
Remained basically unchanged	45	80.4	15	68.2	30	88.2
Eased somewhat	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	56	100	22	100	34	100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate revolving home equity lines of credit."

16. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for revolving home equity lines of credit changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.8	1	4.5	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	8	14.3	4	18.2	4	11.8
About the same	38	67.9	11	50.0	27	79.4
Moderately weaker	9	16.1	6	27.3	3	8.8
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	56	100	22	100	34	100

Questions 17-26 ask about consumer lending at your bank. Question 17 deals with changes in your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans over the past three months. Questions 18-23 deal with changes in credit standards and loan terms over the same period. Questions 24-26 deal with changes in demand for consumer loans over the past three months. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

17. Please indicate your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans now as opposed to three months ago.

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Much more willing	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat more willing	1	1.8	1	5.0	0	0.0
About unchanged	42	76.4	9	45.0	33	94.3
Somewhat less willing	9	16.4	7	35.0	2	5.7
Much less willing	3	5.5	3	15.0	0	0.0
Total	55	100	20	100	35	100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer installment loans."

18. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for credit cards from individuals or households changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	3	7.7	3	14.3	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	12	30.8	10	47.6	2	11.1
Remained basically unchanged	24	61.5	8	38.1	16	88.9
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	39	100	21	100	18	100

For this question, 23 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans to individuals or households."

19. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for auto loans to individuals or households changed? (Please include loans arising from retail sales of passenger cars and other vehicles such as minivans, vans, sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, and similar light trucks for personal use, whether new or used. Please exclude loans to finance fleet sales, personal cash loans secured by automobiles already paid for, loans to finance the purchase of commercial vehicles and farm equipment, and lease financing.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	8	16.0	7	41.2	1	3.0
Remained basically unchanged	42	84.0	10	58.8	32	97.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	50	100	17	100	33	100

For this question, 12 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans to individuals or households."

20. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	3	5.5	2	10.0	1	2.9
Tightened somewhat	9	16.4	9	45.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	43	78.2	9	45.0	34	97.1
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	55	100	20	100	35	100

For this question, 7 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer loans other than credit card or auto loans."

21. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on new or existing credit card accounts for individuals or households?

a. Credit limits

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	3	8.3	3	15.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	10	27.8	7	35.0	3	18.8
Remained basically unchanged	23	63.9	10	50.0	13	81.2
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	36	100	20	100	16	100

b. Spreads of interest rates charged on outstanding balances over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	2.8	1	5.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	5.6	2	10.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	32	88.9	17	85.0	15	93.8
Eased somewhat	1	2.8	0	0.0	1	6.2
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	36	100	20	100	16	100

c. Minimum percent of outstanding balances required to be repaid each month

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	2.8	1	5.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	2.8	1	5.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	32	88.9	17	85.0	15	93.8
Eased somewhat	1	2.8	0	0.0	1	6.2
Eased considerably	1	2.8	1	5.0	0	0.0
Total	36	100	20	100	16	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	2	5.6	2	10.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	10	27.8	9	45.0	1	6.2
Remained basically unchanged	24	66.7	9	45.0	15	93.8
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	36	100	20	100	16	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	2	5.7	2	10.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	7	20.0	7	35.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	26	74.3	11	55.0	15	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	35	100	20	100	15	100

22. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on loans to individuals or households to purchase autos?

a. Maximum maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	6.4	2	11.8	1	3.3
Remained basically unchanged	42	89.4	15	88.2	27	90.0
Eased somewhat	2	4.3	0	0.0	2	6.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	47	100	17	100	30	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	11	23.4	6	35.3	5	16.7
Remained basically unchanged	31	66.0	11	64.7	20	66.7
Eased somewhat	5	10.6	0	0.0	5	16.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	47	100	17	100	30	100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	8.5	3	17.6	1	3.3
Remained basically unchanged	43	91.5	14	82.4	29	96.7
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	47	100	17	100	30	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	8	17.0	6	35.3	2	6.7
Remained basically unchanged	39	83.0	11	64.7	28	93.3
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	47	100	17	100	30	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	4.3	1	5.9	1	3.3
Remained basically unchanged	45	95.7	16	94.1	29	96.7
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	47	100	17	100	30	100

23. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans?

a. Maximum maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.9	1	5.3	1	3.1
Remained basically unchanged	48	94.1	18	94.7	30	93.8
Eased somewhat	1	2.0	0	0.0	1	3.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	51	100	19	100	32	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	6	12.0	3	15.8	3	9.7
Remained basically unchanged	41	82.0	16	84.2	25	80.6
Eased somewhat	3	6.0	0	0.0	3	9.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	50	100	19	100	31	100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	2.0	1	5.3	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	49	98.0	18	94.7	31	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	50	100	19	100	31	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	8	15.7	7	36.8	1	3.1
Remained basically unchanged	43	84.3	12	63.2	31	96.9
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	51	100	19	100	32	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	2.0	1	5.3	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	5	9.8	3	15.8	2	6.2
Remained basically unchanged	45	88.2	15	78.9	30	93.8
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	51	100	19	100	32	100

24. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for credit card loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	2	5.1	2	9.5	0	0.0
About the same	26	66.7	10	47.6	16	88.9
Moderately weaker	11	28.2	9	42.9	2	11.1
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	39	100	21	100	18	100

25. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for auto loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	2	4.1	0	0.0	2	6.2
About the same	28	57.1	6	35.3	22	68.8
Moderately weaker	13	26.5	6	35.3	7	21.9
Substantially weaker	6	12.2	5	29.4	1	3.1
Total	49	100	17	100	32	100

26. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	2	3.6	1	5.0	1	2.9
About the same	44	80.0	15	75.0	29	82.9
Moderately weaker	7	12.7	4	20.0	3	8.6
Substantially weaker	2	3.6	0	0.0	2	5.7
Total	55	100	20	100	35	100

Questions 27-28 ask about changes in demand for commercial and industrial (C&I) loans at your bank over the past six months across various industries, defined by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes, and the reasons for those changes.

27. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for C&I loans from firms in the following industries changed over the past six months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

A. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting (NAICS code 11):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	3	4.8	1	3.6	2	5.7
About the same	38	60.3	15	53.6	23	65.7
Moderately weaker	8	12.7	5	17.9	3	8.6
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.9
My bank does not originate loans to firms in this industry	13	20.6	7	25.0	6	17.1
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

B. Mining, utilities, and construction (NAICS codes 21-23):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	2	3.2	2	7.1	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	5	7.9	3	10.7	2	5.7
About the same	44	69.8	20	71.4	24	68.6
Moderately weaker	5	7.9	1	3.6	4	11.4
Substantially weaker	2	3.2	1	3.6	1	2.9
My bank does not originate loans to firms in this industry	5	7.9	1	3.6	4	11.4
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

C. Manufacturing (NAICS codes 31-33):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	3	4.7	3	10.3	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	10	15.6	10	34.5	0	0.0
About the same	37	57.8	11	37.9	26	74.3
Moderately weaker	10	15.6	4	13.8	6	17.1
Substantially weaker	2	3.1	0	0.0	2	5.7
My bank does not originate loans to firms in this industry	2	3.1	1	3.4	1	2.9
Total	64	100	29	100	35	100

D. Retail and wholesale trade (NAICS codes 42-45):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	6	9.4	6	20.7	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	6	9.4	6	20.7	0	0.0
About the same	39	60.9	13	44.8	26	74.3
Moderately weaker	10	15.6	3	10.3	7	20.0
Substantially weaker	2	3.1	0	0.0	2	5.7
My bank does not originate loans to firms in this industry	1	1.6	1	3.4	0	0.0
Total	64	100	29	100	35	100

E. Transportation and warehousing (NAICS codes 48-49):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	4	6.2	4	13.8	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	6	9.4	5	17.2	1	2.9
About the same	44	68.8	15	51.7	29	82.9
Moderately weaker	7	10.9	4	13.8	3	8.6
Substantially weaker	2	3.1	0	0.0	2	5.7
My bank does not originate loans to firms in this industry	1	1.6	1	3.4	0	0.0
Total	64	100	29	100	35	100

F. Information and professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS codes 51 and 54):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.6	1	3.4	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	6	9.4	5	17.2	1	2.9
About the same	51	79.7	20	69.0	31	88.6
Moderately weaker	4	6.2	2	6.9	2	5.7
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.9
My bank does not originate loans to firms in this industry	1	1.6	1	3.4	0	0.0
Total	64	100	29	100	35	100

G. Finance, insurance, and real estate rental and leasing (NAICS codes 52-53):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	9	14.1	6	20.7	3	8.6
About the same	47	73.4	18	62.1	29	82.9
Moderately weaker	5	7.8	3	10.3	2	5.7
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.9
My bank does not originate loans to firms in this industry	2	3.1	2	6.9	0	0.0
Total	64	100	29	100	35	100

H. Other services except public administration and those in F and G (NAICS codes 55-81):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	5	8.3	5	18.5	0	0.0
About the same	51	85.0	19	70.4	32	97.0
Moderately weaker	2	3.3	2	7.4	0	0.0
Substantially weaker	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	3.0
My bank does not originate loans to firms in this industry	1	1.7	1	3.7	0	0.0
Total	60	100	27	100	33	100

28. If demand for C&I loans has strengthened or weakened over the past six months (as described in questions questions 27A-27H), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. If stronger loan demand (if you answered 1 or 2 to any of questions 27A-27H), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	10	47.6	6	37.5	4	80.0
Somewhat important	10	47.6	9	56.2	1	20.0
Very important	1	4.8	1	6.2	0	0.0
Total	21	100	16	100	5	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	6	28.6	5	31.2	1	20.0
Somewhat important	14	66.7	10	62.5	4	80.0
Very important	1	4.8	1	6.2	0	0.0
Total	21	100	16	100	5	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	13	61.9	11	68.8	2	40.0
Somewhat important	7	33.3	5	31.2	2	40.0
Very important	1	4.8	0	0.0	1	20.0
Total	21	100	16	100	5	100

d. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	16	76.2	11	68.8	5	100.0
Somewhat important	4	19.0	4	25.0	0	0.0
Very important	1	4.8	1	6.2	0	0.0
Total	21	100	16	100	5	100

e. Customer internally generated funds decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	6	27.3	3	17.6	3	60.0
Somewhat important	8	36.4	6	35.3	2	40.0
Very important	8	36.4	8	47.1	0	0.0
Total	22	100	17	100	5	100

f. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	17.4	2	11.1	2	40.0
Somewhat important	7	30.4	4	22.2	3	60.0
Very important	12	52.2	12	66.7	0	0.0
Total	23	100	18	100	5	100

g. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other banks because these other sources became less attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	13	61.9	12	75.0	1	20.0
Somewhat important	7	33.3	3	18.8	4	80.0
Very important	1	4.8	1	6.2	0	0.0
Total	21	100	16	100	5	100

h. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from nonbank sources (such as insurance companies, pension funds, and other nonbank financial institutions) because these other sources became less attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	14	66.7	10	62.5	4	80.0
Somewhat important	6	28.6	5	31.2	1	20.0
Very important	1	4.8	1	6.2	0	0.0
Total	21	100	16	100	5	100

i. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from the corporate bond market because this other source became less attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	13	61.9	8	50.0	5	100.0
Somewhat important	5	23.8	5	31.2	0	0.0
Very important	3	14.3	3	18.8	0	0.0
Total	21	100	16	100	5	100

j. Given your bank's lending standards, more borrowers met its underwriting requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	19	90.5	15	93.8	4	80.0
Somewhat important	2	9.5	1	6.2	1	20.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	21	100	16	100	5	100

B. If weaker loan demand (if you answered 4 or 5 to any of questions 27A-27H), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	3	25.0	2	50.0	1	12.5
Somewhat important	7	58.3	1	25.0	6	75.0
Very important	2	16.7	1	25.0	1	12.5
Total	12	100	4	100	8	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	33.3	2	50.0	2	25.0
Somewhat important	5	41.7	1	25.0	4	50.0
Very important	3	25.0	1	25.0	2	25.0
Total	12	100	4	100	8	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	16.7	0	0.0	2	25.0
Somewhat important	6	50.0	2	50.0	4	50.0
Very important	4	33.3	2	50.0	2	25.0
Total	12	100	4	100	8	100

d. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	33.3	1	25.0	3	37.5
Somewhat important	4	33.3	1	25.0	3	37.5
Very important	4	33.3	2	50.0	2	25.0
Total	12	100	4	100	8	100

e. Customer internally generated funds increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	7	58.3	3	75.0	4	50.0
Somewhat important	5	41.7	1	25.0	4	50.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	12	100	4	100	8	100

f. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	8	66.7	4	100.0	4	50.0
Somewhat important	2	16.7	0	0.0	2	25.0
Very important	2	16.7	0	0.0	2	25.0
Total	12	100	4	100	8	100

g. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other banks because these other sources became more attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	8	66.7	2	50.0	6	75.0
Somewhat important	3	25.0	1	25.0	2	25.0
Very important	1	8.3	1	25.0	0	0.0
Total	12	100	4	100	8	100

h. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to nonbank sources (such as insurance companies, pension funds, and other nonbank financial institutions) because these other sources became more attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	8	66.7	2	50.0	6	75.0
Somewhat important	4	33.3	2	50.0	2	25.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	12	100	4	100	8	100

i. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to the corporate bond market because this other source became more attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	9	75.0	2	50.0	7	87.5
Somewhat important	3	25.0	2	50.0	1	12.5
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	12	100	4	100	8	100

j. Given your bank's lending standards, fewer borrowers met its underwriting requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	7	58.3	2	50.0	5	62.5
Somewhat important	3	25.0	0	0.0	3	37.5
Very important	2	16.7	2	50.0	0	0.0
Total	12	100	4	100	8	100

Questions 29-32 ask how your bank has changed its lending policies over the past year for three different types of commercial real estate (CRE) loans: construction and land development loans, loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties, and loans secured by multifamily residential properties. Question 33 deals with changes in demand for CRE loans over the past year.

29. Over the past year, how has your bank changed the following policies on construction and land development loans?

A. Maximum loan size

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	6	10.0	3	11.5	3	8.8
Remained Basically Unchanged	49	81.7	20	76.9	29	85.3
Eased Somewhat	5	8.3	3	11.5	2	5.9
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	26	100	34	100

B. Maximum loan maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	5	8.2	2	7.7	3	8.6
Remained Basically Unchanged	52	85.2	23	88.5	29	82.9
Eased Somewhat	4	6.6	1	3.8	3	8.6
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	26	100	35	100

C. Spread of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	3	4.9	3	11.5	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	17	27.9	8	30.8	9	25.7
Remained Basically Unchanged	34	55.7	12	46.2	22	62.9
Eased Somewhat	7	11.5	3	11.5	4	11.4
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	26	100	35	100

D. Loan-to-value ratios (lower ratios=tightened, higher ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.7	1	3.8	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	13	21.7	8	30.8	5	14.7
Remained Basically Unchanged	43	71.7	16	61.5	27	79.4
Eased Somewhat	3	5.0	1	3.8	2	5.9
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	26	100	34	100

E. Debt service coverage ratios (higher ratios=tightened, lower ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	2	3.3	2	7.7	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	10	16.4	4	15.4	6	17.1
Remained Basically Unchanged	48	78.7	19	73.1	29	82.9
Eased Somewhat	1	1.6	1	3.8	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	26	100	35	100

F. Market areas served (reduced market areas=tightened, expanded market areas=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.9
Tightened Somewhat	4	6.6	2	7.7	2	5.7
Remained Basically Unchanged	52	85.2	23	88.5	29	82.9
Eased Somewhat	4	6.6	1	3.8	3	8.6
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	26	100	35	100

G. Length of interest-only payment period (shorter interest-only periods=tightened, longer interest-only periods=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	6	9.8	2	7.7	4	11.4
Remained Basically Unchanged	49	80.3	21	80.8	28	80.0
Eased Somewhat	5	8.2	3	11.5	2	5.7
Eased Considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.9
Total	61	100	26	100	35	100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans."

30. Over the past year, how has your bank changed the following policies on loans secured by nonfarm-nonresidential properties?

A. Maximum loan size

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	2	3.2	2	7.1	0	0.0
Remained Basically Unchanged	53	84.1	23	82.1	30	85.7
Eased Somewhat	7	11.1	2	7.1	5	14.3
Eased Considerably	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

B. Maximum loan maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	4	6.3	3	10.7	1	2.9
Remained Basically Unchanged	54	85.7	23	82.1	31	88.6
Eased Somewhat	5	7.9	2	7.1	3	8.6
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

C. Spread of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	3	4.8	3	10.7	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	16	25.4	9	32.1	7	20.0
Remained Basically Unchanged	34	54.0	11	39.3	23	65.7
Eased Somewhat	10	15.9	5	17.9	5	14.3
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

D. Loan-to-value ratios (lower ratios=tightened, higher ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	12	19.0	8	28.6	4	11.4
Remained Basically Unchanged	47	74.6	18	64.3	29	82.9
Eased Somewhat	3	4.8	1	3.6	2	5.7
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

E. Debt service coverage ratios (higher ratios=tightened, lower ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	10	15.9	6	21.4	4	11.4
Remained Basically Unchanged	51	81.0	20	71.4	31	88.6
Eased Somewhat	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

F. Market areas served (reduced market areas=tightened, expanded market areas=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Remained Basically Unchanged	57	90.5	26	92.9	31	88.6
Eased Somewhat	5	7.9	1	3.6	4	11.4
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

G. Length of interest-only payment period (shorter interest-only periods=tightened, longer interest-only periods=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	6	9.5	3	10.7	3	8.6
Remained Basically Unchanged	50	79.4	21	75.0	29	82.9
Eased Somewhat	6	9.5	4	14.3	2	5.7
Eased Considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.9
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate nonfarm-nonresidential loans."

31. Over the past year, how has your bank changed the following policies on loans secured by multifamily residential properties?

A. Maximum loan size

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	5	7.8	3	10.7	2	5.6
Remained Basically Unchanged	52	81.2	23	82.1	29	80.6
Eased Somewhat	7	10.9	2	7.1	5	13.9
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

B. Maximum loan maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	4	6.2	3	10.7	1	2.8
Remained Basically Unchanged	55	85.9	22	78.6	33	91.7
Eased Somewhat	5	7.8	3	10.7	2	5.6
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

C. Spread of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	3	4.7	3	10.7	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	16	25.0	9	32.1	7	19.4
Remained Basically Unchanged	37	57.8	11	39.3	26	72.2
Eased Somewhat	8	12.5	5	17.9	3	8.3
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

D. Loan-to-value ratios (lower ratios=tightened, higher ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	10	15.6	7	25.0	3	8.3
Remained Basically Unchanged	52	81.2	19	67.9	33	91.7
Eased Somewhat	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

E. Debt service coverage ratios (higher ratios=tightened, lower ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	8	12.5	5	17.9	3	8.3
Remained Basically Unchanged	53	82.8	20	71.4	33	91.7
Eased Somewhat	2	3.1	2	7.1	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

F. Market areas served (reduced market areas=tightened, expanded market areas=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	3	4.7	2	7.1	1	2.8
Remained Basically Unchanged	56	87.5	25	89.3	31	86.1
Eased Somewhat	5	7.8	1	3.6	4	11.1
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

G. Length of interest-only payment period (shorter interest-only periods=tightened, longer interest-only periods=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	3	4.7	2	7.1	1	2.8
Remained Basically Unchanged	55	85.9	22	78.6	33	91.7
Eased Somewhat	6	9.4	4	14.3	2	5.6
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate multifamliy loans."

32. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit policies for CRE loans over the past year (as described in questions 29-31 above), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit policies on CRE loans over the past year (where tightening corresponds to answers 1 or 2 in questions 29-31 above):

a. Less favorable or more uncertain outlook for CRE property prices

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	7.4	1	7.1	1	7.7
Somewhat important	14	51.9	6	42.9	8	61.5
Very important	11	40.7	7	50.0	4	30.8
Total	27	100	14	100	13	100

b. Less favorable or more uncertain capitalization rates (the ratio of current net operating income to the original sale price or current market value) on CRE properties

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	6	22.2	4	28.6	2	15.4
Somewhat important	12	44.4	6	42.9	6	46.2
Very important	9	33.3	4	28.6	5	38.5
Total	27	100	14	100	13	100

c. Less favorable or more uncertain outlook for vacancy rates or other fundamentals on CRE properties

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	3	11.1	1	7.1	2	15.4
Somewhat important	12	44.4	7	50.0	5	38.5
Very important	12	44.4	6	42.9	6	46.2
Total	27	100	14	100	13	100

d. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank financial institutions (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	20	74.1	11	78.6	9	69.2
Somewhat important	4	14.8	2	14.3	2	15.4
Very important	3	11.1	1	7.1	2	15.4
Total	27	100	14	100	13	100

e. Reduced tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	7	25.9	3	21.4	4	30.8
Somewhat important	14	51.9	8	57.1	6	46.2
Very important	6	22.2	3	21.4	3	23.1
Total	27	100	14	100	13	100

f. Decreased ability to securitize CRE loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	20	74.1	11	78.6	9	69.2
Somewhat important	5	18.5	3	21.4	2	15.4
Very important	2	7.4	0	0.0	2	15.4
Total	27	100	14	100	13	100

g. Increased concerns about my bank's capital adequacy or liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	23	85.2	12	85.7	11	84.6
Somewhat important	2	7.4	1	7.1	1	7.7
Very important	2	7.4	1	7.1	1	7.7
Total	27	100	14	100	13	100

h. Increased concerns about the effects of regulatory changes or supervisory actions

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	23	85.2	13	92.9	10	76.9
Somewhat important	3	11.1	1	7.1	2	15.4
Very important	1	3.7	0	0.0	1	7.7
Total	27	100	14	100	13	100

B. Possible reasons for easing credit policies on CRE loans over the past year (where easing corresponds to answers 4 or 5 in questions 29-31 above):

a. More favorable or less uncertain outlook for CRE property prices

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	9	64.3	3	42.9	6	85.7
Somewhat important	4	28.6	3	42.9	1	14.3
Very important	1	7.1	1	14.3	0	0.0
Total	14	100	7	100	7	100

b. More favorable or less uncertain capitalization rates (the ratio of current net operating income to the original sale price or current market value) on CRE properties

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	11	84.6	5	71.4	6	100.0
Somewhat important	2	15.4	2	28.6	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	13	100	7	100	6	100

c. More favorable or less uncertain outlook for vacancy rates or other fundamentals on CRE properties

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	9	69.2	3	42.9	6	100.0
Somewhat important	4	30.8	4	57.1	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	13	100	7	100	6	100

d. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank financial institutions (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	14.3	0	0.0	2	33.3
Somewhat important	4	28.6	3	37.5	1	16.7
Very important	8	57.1	5	62.5	3	50.0
Total	14	100	8	100	6	100

e. Increased tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	9	75.0	3	50.0	6	100.0
Somewhat important	3	25.0	3	50.0	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	12	100	6	100	6	100

f. Increased ability to securitize CRE loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	13	100.0	7	100.0	6	100.0
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	13	100	7	100	6	100

g. Reduced concerns about my bank's capital adequacy or liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	10	76.9	6	85.7	4	66.7
Somewhat important	2	15.4	1	14.3	1	16.7
Very important	1	7.7	0	0.0	1	16.7
Total	13	100	7	100	6	100

h. Reduced concerns about the effects of regulatory changes or supervisory actions

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	11	84.6	5	71.4	6	100.0
Somewhat important	2	15.4	2	28.6	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	13	100	7	100	6	100

33. If demand for CRE loans from your bank has strengthened or weakened over the past year, how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for stronger CRE loan demand over the past year:

a. Customer acquisition or development of properties increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	10	32.3	4	28.6	6	35.3
Somewhat important	14	45.2	7	50.0	7	41.2
Very important	7	22.6	3	21.4	4	23.5
Total	31	100	14	100	17	100

b. Customer outlook for rental demand became more favorable or less uncertain

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	11	36.7	5	38.5	6	35.3
Somewhat important	14	46.7	8	61.5	6	35.3
Very important	5	16.7	0	0.0	5	29.4
Total	30	100	13	100	17	100

c. General level of interest rates decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	8	25.8	3	21.4	5	29.4
Somewhat important	12	38.7	6	42.9	6	35.3
Very important	11	35.5	5	35.7	6	35.3
Total	31	100	14	100	17	100

d. Customer internally generated funds decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	21	67.7	11	78.6	10	58.8
Somewhat important	7	22.6	2	14.3	5	29.4
Very important	3	9.7	1	7.1	2	11.8
Total	31	100	14	100	17	100

e. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became less attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	13	41.9	7	50.0	6	35.3
Somewhat important	17	54.8	7	50.0	10	58.8
Very important	1	3.2	0	0.0	1	5.9
Total	31	100	14	100	17	100

f. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	18	58.1	10	71.4	8	47.1
Somewhat important	8	25.8	3	21.4	5	29.4
Very important	5	16.1	1	7.1	4	23.5
Total	31	100	14	100	17	100

B. Possible reasons for weaker CRE loan demand over the past year:

a. Customer acquisition or development of properties decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	7	25.9	2	15.4	5	35.7
Somewhat important	12	44.4	5	38.5	7	50.0
Very important	8	29.6	6	46.2	2	14.3
Total	27	100	13	100	14	100

b. Customer outlook for rental demand became less favorable or more uncertain

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	10	37.0	3	23.1	7	50.0
Somewhat important	12	44.4	6	46.2	6	42.9
Very important	5	18.5	4	30.8	1	7.1
Total	27	100	13	100	14	100

c. General level of interest rates increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	22	84.6	12	92.3	10	76.9
Somewhat important	3	11.5	1	7.7	2	15.4
Very important	1	3.8	0	0.0	1	7.7
Total	26	100	13	100	13	100

d. Customer internally generated funds increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	18	66.7	11	84.6	7	50.0
Somewhat important	8	29.6	2	15.4	6	42.9
Very important	1	3.7	0	0.0	1	7.1
Total	27	100	13	100	14	100

e. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became more attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	15	53.6	7	53.8	8	53.3
Somewhat important	8	28.6	4	30.8	4	26.7
Very important	5	17.9	2	15.4	3	20.0
Total	28	100	13	100	15	100

f. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	20	74.1	11	84.6	9	64.3
Somewhat important	6	22.2	2	15.4	4	28.6
Very important	1	3.7	0	0.0	1	7.1
Total	27	100	13	100	14	100

1. The sample is selected from among the largest banks in each Federal Reserve District. In the table, large banks are defined as those with total domestic assets of $50 billion or more as of December 31, 2019. The combined assets of the 29 large banks totaled $10.5 trillion, compared to $11.1 trillion for the entire panel of 67 banks, and $15.9 trillion for all domestically chartered, federally insured commercial banks. Return to text

Last Update: May 04, 2020

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

Table 1 PDF RSS DDP

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States 1

(Status of Policy as of April 2020)

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States ¹