The Fed - April 2021 Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

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Table 1

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States ¹

(Status of Policy as of April 2021)

Questions 1-6 ask about commercial and industrial (C&I) loans at your bank. Questions 1-3 deal with changes in your bank's lending policies over the past three months. Questions 4-5 deal with changes in demand for C&I loans over the past three months. Question 6 asks about changes in prospective demand for C&I loans at your bank, as indicated by the volume of recent inquiries about the availability of new credit lines or increases in existing lines. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

1. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines—other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions—to large and middle-market firms and to small firms changed? (If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested below, please use your definitions and indicate what they are.)

A. Standards for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	2.7	0	0.0	2	5.1
Remained basically unchanged	58	79.5	22	64.7	36	92.3
Eased somewhat	13	17.8	12	35.3	1	2.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	73	100	34	100	39	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms."

B. Standards for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	5.7	1	3.2	3	7.7
Remained basically unchanged	53	75.7	22	71.0	31	79.5
Eased somewhat	13	18.6	8	25.8	5	12.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	31	100	39	100

For this question, 4 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to small firms."

2. For applications for C&I loans or credit lines—other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions—from large and middle-market firms and from small firms that your bank currently is willing to approve, how have the terms of those loans changed over the past three months?

A. Terms for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	2.8	0	0.0	2	5.3
Remained basically unchanged	54	75.0	21	61.8	33	86.8
Eased somewhat	16	22.2	13	38.2	3	7.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	72	100	34	100	38	100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	4.2	1	3.0	2	5.3
Remained basically unchanged	63	88.7	27	81.8	36	94.7
Eased somewhat	5	7.0	5	15.2	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	71	100	33	100	38	100

c. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	2.8	1	2.9	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	51	70.8	18	52.9	33	86.8
Eased somewhat	19	26.4	15	44.1	4	10.5
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	72	100	34	100	38	100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	4.2	1	2.9	2	5.3
Remained basically unchanged	44	61.1	17	50.0	27	71.1
Eased somewhat	24	33.3	16	47.1	8	21.1
Eased considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	72	100	34	100	38	100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	5	7.0	1	3.0	4	10.5
Remained basically unchanged	60	84.5	26	78.8	34	89.5
Eased somewhat	6	8.5	6	18.2	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	71	100	33	100	38	100

f. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Tightened somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	56	78.9	21	63.6	35	92.1
Eased somewhat	13	18.3	12	36.4	1	2.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	71	100	33	100	38	100

g. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	67	94.4	30	90.9	37	97.4
Eased somewhat	3	4.2	3	9.1	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	71	100	33	100	38	100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	10	14.1	2	5.9	8	21.6
Remained basically unchanged	44	62.0	18	52.9	26	70.3
Eased somewhat	15	21.1	12	35.3	3	8.1
Eased considerably	2	2.8	2	5.9	0	0.0
Total	71	100	34	100	37	100

B. Terms for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	2.9	0	0.0	2	5.3
Remained basically unchanged	59	86.8	25	83.3	34	89.5
Eased somewhat	7	10.3	5	16.7	2	5.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	68	100	30	100	38	100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	63	94.0	28	96.6	35	92.1
Eased somewhat	4	6.0	1	3.4	3	7.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	67	100	29	100	38	100

c. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	54	80.6	23	79.3	31	81.6
Eased somewhat	12	17.9	6	20.7	6	15.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	67	100	29	100	38	100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	6.0	1	3.4	3	7.9
Remained basically unchanged	48	71.6	20	69.0	28	73.7
Eased somewhat	14	20.9	8	27.6	6	15.8
Eased considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	67	100	29	100	38	100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.0	1	3.4	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	63	94.0	26	89.7	37	97.4
Eased somewhat	2	3.0	2	6.9	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	67	100	29	100	38	100

f. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.0	0	0.0	2	5.3
Remained basically unchanged	61	91.0	27	93.1	34	89.5
Eased somewhat	4	6.0	2	6.9	2	5.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	67	100	29	100	38	100

g. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	64	95.5	28	96.6	36	94.7
Eased somewhat	3	4.5	1	3.4	2	5.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	67	100	29	100	38	100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	11	16.4	4	13.3	7	18.9
Remained basically unchanged	50	74.6	21	70.0	29	78.4
Eased somewhat	6	9.0	5	16.7	1	2.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	67	100	30	100	37	100

3. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit standards or its terms for C&I loans or credit lines over the past three months (as described in questions 1 and 2), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit standards or loan terms:

a. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected capital position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	14	93.3	3	100.0	11	91.7
Somewhat important	1	6.7	0	0.0	1	8.3
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

b. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	3	18.8	0	0.0	3	25.0
Somewhat important	8	50.0	2	50.0	6	50.0
Very important	5	31.2	2	50.0	3	25.0
Total	16	100	4	100	12	100

c. Worsening of industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	5	38.5	1	33.3	4	40.0
Somewhat important	5	38.5	2	66.7	3	30.0
Very important	3	23.1	0	0.0	3	30.0
Total	13	100	3	100	10	100

d. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	13	86.7	3	100.0	10	83.3
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Very important	2	13.3	0	0.0	2	16.7
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

e. Reduced tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	7	46.7	2	66.7	5	41.7
Somewhat important	8	53.3	1	33.3	7	58.3
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

f. Decreased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	13	86.7	3	100.0	10	83.3
Somewhat important	2	13.3	0	0.0	2	16.7
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

g. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	15	100.0	3	100.0	12	100.0
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

h. Increased concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	8	53.3	2	66.7	6	50.0
Somewhat important	6	40.0	1	33.3	5	41.7
Very important	1	6.7	0	0.0	1	8.3
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

B. Possible reasons for easing credit standards or loan terms:

a. Improvement in your bank's current or expected capital position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	30	85.7	20	90.9	10	76.9
Somewhat important	5	14.3	2	9.1	3	23.1
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	35	100	22	100	13	100

b. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	5	13.9	2	9.1	3	21.4
Somewhat important	24	66.7	16	72.7	8	57.1
Very important	7	19.4	4	18.2	3	21.4
Total	36	100	22	100	14	100

c. Improvement in industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	16	47.1	12	54.5	4	33.3
Somewhat important	15	44.1	8	36.4	7	58.3
Very important	3	8.8	2	9.1	1	8.3
Total	34	100	22	100	12	100

d. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	6	16.7	2	9.1	4	28.6
Somewhat important	19	52.8	13	59.1	6	42.9
Very important	11	30.6	7	31.8	4	28.6
Total	36	100	22	100	14	100

e. Increased tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	22	64.7	14	66.7	8	61.5
Somewhat important	12	35.3	7	33.3	5	38.5
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	34	100	21	100	13	100

f. Increased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	28	82.4	18	85.7	10	76.9
Somewhat important	6	17.6	3	14.3	3	23.1
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	34	100	21	100	13	100

g. Improvement in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	25	69.4	19	86.4	6	42.9
Somewhat important	10	27.8	3	13.6	7	50.0
Very important	1	2.8	0	0.0	1	7.1
Total	36	100	22	100	14	100

h. Reduced concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	27	81.8	19	95.0	8	61.5
Somewhat important	6	18.2	1	5.0	5	38.5
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	33	100	20	100	13	100

4. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for C&I loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

A. Demand for C&I loans from large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	2	2.8	1	2.9	1	2.6
Moderately stronger	17	23.6	12	35.3	5	13.2
About the same	29	40.3	14	41.2	15	39.5
Moderately weaker	23	31.9	7	20.6	16	42.1
Substantially weaker	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	72	100	34	100	38	100

B. Demand for C&I loans from small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Moderately stronger	20	29.0	12	40.0	8	20.5
About the same	29	42.0	14	46.7	15	38.5
Moderately weaker	18	26.1	4	13.3	14	35.9
Substantially weaker	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	69	100	30	100	39	100

5. If demand for C&I loans has strengthened or weakened over the past three months (as described in question 4), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. If stronger loan demand (answer 1 or 2 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	10	41.7	8	57.1	2	20.0
Somewhat important	11	45.8	5	35.7	6	60.0
Very important	3	12.5	1	7.1	2	20.0
Total	24	100	14	100	10	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	12	50.0	9	64.3	3	30.0
Somewhat important	9	37.5	4	28.6	5	50.0
Very important	3	12.5	1	7.1	2	20.0
Total	24	100	14	100	10	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	16.0	4	26.7	0	0.0
Somewhat important	16	64.0	10	66.7	6	60.0
Very important	5	20.0	1	6.7	4	40.0
Total	25	100	15	100	10	100

d. Customer internally generated funds decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	16	66.7	11	73.3	5	55.6
Somewhat important	8	33.3	4	26.7	4	44.4
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	24	100	15	100	9	100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	10	43.5	4	28.6	6	66.7
Somewhat important	7	30.4	5	35.7	2	22.2
Very important	6	26.1	5	35.7	1	11.1
Total	23	100	14	100	9	100

f. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became less attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	16	64.0	13	86.7	3	30.0
Somewhat important	8	32.0	2	13.3	6	60.0
Very important	1	4.0	0	0.0	1	10.0
Total	25	100	15	100	10	100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	20	83.3	13	86.7	7	77.8
Somewhat important	3	12.5	2	13.3	1	11.1
Very important	1	4.2	0	0.0	1	11.1
Total	24	100	15	100	9	100

B. If weaker loan demand (answer 4 or 5 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	12	54.5	5	83.3	7	43.8
Somewhat important	9	40.9	1	16.7	8	50.0
Very important	1	4.5	0	0.0	1	6.2
Total	22	100	6	100	16	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	10	45.5	4	66.7	6	37.5
Somewhat important	11	50.0	2	33.3	9	56.2
Very important	1	4.5	0	0.0	1	6.2
Total	22	100	6	100	16	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	3	14.3	3	50.0	0	0.0
Somewhat important	15	71.4	3	50.0	12	80.0
Very important	3	14.3	0	0.0	3	20.0
Total	21	100	6	100	15	100

d. Customer internally generated funds increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	6	26.1	2	28.6	4	25.0
Somewhat important	11	47.8	3	42.9	8	50.0
Very important	6	26.1	2	28.6	4	25.0
Total	23	100	7	100	16	100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	13	61.9	5	83.3	8	53.3
Somewhat important	7	33.3	1	16.7	6	40.0
Very important	1	4.8	0	0.0	1	6.7
Total	21	100	6	100	15	100

f. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became more attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	11	50.0	3	42.9	8	53.3
Somewhat important	9	40.9	3	42.9	6	40.0
Very important	2	9.1	1	14.3	1	6.7
Total	22	100	7	100	15	100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	5	23.8	1	14.3	4	28.6
Somewhat important	11	52.4	3	42.9	8	57.1
Very important	5	23.8	3	42.9	2	14.3
Total	21	100	7	100	14	100

6. At your bank, apart from seasonal variation, how has the number of inquiries from potential business borrowers regarding the availability and terms of new credit lines or increases in existing lines changed over the past three months? (Please consider only inquiries for additional or increased C&I lines as opposed to the refinancing of existing loans.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
The number of inquiries has increased substantially	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
The number of inquiries has increased moderately	23	31.5	15	44.1	8	20.5
The number of inquiries has stayed about the same	34	46.6	15	44.1	19	48.7
The number of inquiries has decreased moderately	14	19.2	4	11.8	10	25.6
The number of inquiries has decreased substantially	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	73	100	34	100	39	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I lines of credit."

Questions 7-12 ask about changes in standards and demand over the past three months for three different types of commercial real estate (CRE) loans at your bank: construction and land development loans, loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties, and loans secured by multifamily residential properties. Please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

7. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for construction and land development loans or credit lines changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	13	18.6	4	12.9	9	23.1
Remained basically unchanged	54	77.1	27	87.1	27	69.2
Eased somewhat	3	4.3	0	0.0	3	7.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	31	100	39	100

For this question, 4 respondents answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans or credit lines."

8. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.4	1	3.1	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	2.8	0	0.0	2	5.1
Remained basically unchanged	65	91.5	30	93.8	35	89.7
Eased somewhat	3	4.2	1	3.1	2	5.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	71	100	32	100	39	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties."

9. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	5	6.9	0	0.0	5	12.8
Remained basically unchanged	57	79.2	27	81.8	30	76.9
Eased somewhat	10	13.9	6	18.2	4	10.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	72	100	33	100	39	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by multifamily residential properties."

10. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for construction and land development loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	20	28.6	11	35.5	9	23.1
About the same	36	51.4	15	48.4	21	53.8
Moderately weaker	13	18.6	5	16.1	8	20.5
Substantially weaker	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	70	100	31	100	39	100

11. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Moderately stronger	9	12.5	8	24.2	1	2.6
About the same	45	62.5	19	57.6	26	66.7
Moderately weaker	17	23.6	6	18.2	11	28.2
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	72	100	33	100	39	100

12. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.4	1	3.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	18	25.4	8	24.2	10	26.3
About the same	45	63.4	20	60.6	25	65.8
Moderately weaker	6	8.5	4	12.1	2	5.3
Substantially weaker	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	71	100	33	100	38	100

Note: Beginning with the January 2015 survey, the loan categories referred to in the questions regarding changes in credit standards and demand for residential mortgage loans have been revised to reflect the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's qualified mortgage rules.

Questions 13-14 ask about seven categories of residential mortgage loans at your bank: Government-Sponsored Enterprise eligible (GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, government residential mortgages, Qualified Mortgage non-jumbo non-GSE-eligible (QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages, and subprime residential mortgages. For the purposes of this survey, please use the following definitions of these loan categories and include first-lien closed-end loans to purchase homes only. The loan categories have been defined so that every first-lien closed-end residential mortgage loan used for home purchase fits into one of the following seven categories:

The GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that meet the underwriting guidelines, including loan limit amounts, of the GSEs - Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
The government category of residential mortgages includes loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration, guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, or originated under government programs, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture home loan programs.
The QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amounts set by the GSEs but otherwise do not meet the GSE underwriting guidelines.
The QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage but have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
The non-QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
The non-QM non-jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amount set by the GSEs. (Please exclude loans classified by your bank as subprime in this category.)
The subprime category of residential mortgages includes loans classified by your bank as subprime. This category typically includes loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories that include payment delinquencies, charge-offs, judgements, and/or bankruptcies; reduced repayment capacity as measured by credit scores or debt-to-income ratios; or incomplete credit histories.

Question 13 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if the standards are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards. Question 14 deals with changes in demand for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months.

13. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications from individuals for mortgage loans to purchase homes changed? (Please consider only new originations as opposed to the refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.8
Remained basically unchanged	57	90.5	23	85.2	34	94.4
Eased somewhat	5	7.9	4	14.8	1	2.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	27	100	36	100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

B. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	55	91.7	21	84.0	34	97.1
Eased somewhat	3	5.0	3	12.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	1	1.7	1	4.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	25	100	35	100

For this question, 12 respondents answered "My bank does not originate government residential mortgages."

C. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	53	84.1	20	71.4	33	94.3
Eased somewhat	10	15.9	8	28.6	2	5.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

D. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.8
Remained basically unchanged	49	77.8	17	63.0	32	88.9
Eased somewhat	12	19.0	9	33.3	3	8.3
Eased considerably	1	1.6	1	3.7	0	0.0
Total	63	100	27	100	36	100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM jumbo residential mortgages."

E. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	50	79.4	18	64.3	32	91.4
Eased somewhat	11	17.5	9	32.1	2	5.7
Eased considerably	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM jumbo residential mortgages."

F. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	53	85.5	20	71.4	33	97.1
Eased somewhat	9	14.5	8	28.6	1	2.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	28	100	34	100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages."

G. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	25.0	0	NaN	2	25.0
Remained basically unchanged	6	75.0	0	NaN	6	75.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Total	8	100	0	100	8	100

For this question, 64 respondents answered "My bank does not originate subprime residential mortgages."

14. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for mortgages to purchase homes changed over the past three months? (Please consider only applications for new originations as opposed to applications for refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.6	1	3.7	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	18	28.6	4	14.8	14	38.9
About the same	33	52.4	16	59.3	17	47.2
Moderately weaker	11	17.5	6	22.2	5	13.9
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	27	100	36	100

B. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.7	1	4.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	12	20.3	3	12.0	9	26.5
About the same	37	62.7	19	76.0	18	52.9
Moderately weaker	9	15.3	2	8.0	7	20.6
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	25	100	34	100

C. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	2	3.1	1	3.6	1	2.8
Moderately stronger	11	17.2	2	7.1	9	25.0
About the same	42	65.6	21	75.0	21	58.3
Moderately weaker	8	12.5	3	10.7	5	13.9
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

D. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	3	4.9	2	7.4	1	2.9
Moderately stronger	17	27.9	6	22.2	11	32.4
About the same	33	54.1	15	55.6	18	52.9
Moderately weaker	8	13.1	4	14.8	4	11.8
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	27	100	34	100

E. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	14	22.2	6	21.4	8	22.9
About the same	44	69.8	19	67.9	25	71.4
Moderately weaker	5	7.9	3	10.7	2	5.7
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

F. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	12	19.0	4	14.3	8	22.9
About the same	45	71.4	21	75.0	24	68.6
Moderately weaker	5	7.9	2	7.1	3	8.6
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

G. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	1	12.5	0	NaN	1	12.5
About the same	5	62.5	0	NaN	5	62.5
Moderately weaker	2	25.0	0	NaN	2	25.0
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Total	8	100	0	100	8	100

Questions 15-16 ask about revolving home equity lines of credit at your bank. Question 15 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards over the past three months. Question 16 deals with changes in demand. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if they are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

15. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for revolving home equity lines of credit changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	53	84.1	19	70.4	34	94.4
Eased somewhat	9	14.3	7	25.9	2	5.6
Eased considerably	1	1.6	1	3.7	0	0.0
Total	63	100	27	100	36	100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate revolving home equity lines of credit."

16. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for revolving home equity lines of credit changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	8	12.7	3	11.1	5	13.9
About the same	39	61.9	13	48.1	26	72.2
Moderately weaker	15	23.8	10	37.0	5	13.9
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	1	3.7	0	0.0
Total	63	100	27	100	36	100

Questions 17-26 ask about consumer lending at your bank. Question 17 deals with changes in your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans over the past three months. Questions 18-23 deal with changes in credit standards and loan terms over the same period. Questions 24-26 deal with changes in demand for consumer loans over the past three months. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

17. Please indicate your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans now as opposed to three months ago.

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Much more willing	3	4.6	3	10.3	0	0.0
Somewhat more willing	13	20.0	8	27.6	5	13.9
About unchanged	49	75.4	18	62.1	31	86.1
Somewhat less willing	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Much less willing	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	29	100	36	100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer installment loans."

18. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for credit cards from individuals or households changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	2.1	1	3.7	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	33	68.8	14	51.9	19	90.5
Eased somewhat	13	27.1	11	40.7	2	9.5
Eased considerably	1	2.1	1	3.7	0	0.0
Total	48	100	27	100	21	100

For this question, 24 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans to individuals or households."

19. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for auto loans to individuals or households changed? (Please include loans arising from retail sales of passenger cars and other vehicles such as minivans, vans, sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, and similar light trucks for personal use, whether new or used. Please exclude loans to finance fleet sales, personal cash loans secured by automobiles already paid for, loans to finance the purchase of commercial vehicles and farm equipment, and lease financing.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	45	78.9	13	59.1	32	91.4
Eased somewhat	11	19.3	9	40.9	2	5.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	22	100	35	100

For this question, 14 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans to individuals or households."

20. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	50	79.4	19	67.9	31	88.6
Eased somewhat	12	19.0	9	32.1	3	8.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer loans other than credit card or auto loans."

21. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on new or existing credit card accounts for individuals or households?

a. Credit limits

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	39	81.2	21	77.8	18	85.7
Eased somewhat	9	18.8	6	22.2	3	14.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	27	100	21	100

b. Spreads of interest rates charged on outstanding balances over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	4.2	2	7.4	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	43	89.6	25	92.6	18	85.7
Eased somewhat	3	6.2	0	0.0	3	14.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	27	100	21	100

c. Minimum percent of outstanding balances required to be repaid each month

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	47	97.9	27	100.0	20	95.2
Eased somewhat	1	2.1	0	0.0	1	4.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	27	100	21	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	2.1	1	3.7	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	38	79.2	18	66.7	20	95.2
Eased somewhat	9	18.8	8	29.6	1	4.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	27	100	21	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	47	97.9	27	100.0	20	95.2
Eased somewhat	1	2.1	0	0.0	1	4.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	27	100	21	100

22. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on loans to individuals or households to purchase autos?

a. Maximum maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	55	94.8	21	91.3	34	97.1
Eased somewhat	3	5.2	2	8.7	1	2.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	58	100	23	100	35	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	47	81.0	16	69.6	31	88.6
Eased somewhat	11	19.0	7	30.4	4	11.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	58	100	23	100	35	100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	55	94.8	20	87.0	35	100.0
Eased somewhat	3	5.2	3	13.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	58	100	23	100	35	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	52	91.2	18	78.3	34	100.0
Eased somewhat	5	8.8	5	21.7	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	23	100	34	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	57	100.0	22	100.0	35	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	22	100	35	100

23. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans?

a. Maximum maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	61	95.3	27	96.4	34	94.4
Eased somewhat	3	4.7	1	3.6	2	5.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	55	85.9	22	78.6	33	91.7
Eased somewhat	8	12.5	5	17.9	3	8.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	63	98.4	28	100.0	35	97.2
Eased somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.8
Remained basically unchanged	55	85.9	22	78.6	33	91.7
Eased somewhat	8	12.5	6	21.4	2	5.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	62	98.4	27	100.0	35	97.2
Eased somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	27	100	36	100

24. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for credit card loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	8	16.7	6	22.2	2	9.5
About the same	33	68.8	18	66.7	15	71.4
Moderately weaker	7	14.6	3	11.1	4	19.0
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	27	100	21	100

25. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for auto loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	2	3.4	1	4.3	1	2.9
Moderately stronger	11	19.0	7	30.4	4	11.4
About the same	38	65.5	15	65.2	23	65.7
Moderately weaker	7	12.1	0	0.0	7	20.0
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	58	100	23	100	35	100

26. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	8	12.5	5	17.9	3	8.3
About the same	45	70.3	22	78.6	23	63.9
Moderately weaker	11	17.2	1	3.6	10	27.8
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

This first set of special questions, Questions 27-34, asks about changes in your bank's lending policies for approving applications for loans compared to pre-pandemic levels (end of 2019). Questions 27-30 ask about changes in your bank's lending policies for approving applications for C&I loans compared to pre-pandemic levels (end of 2019) to investment-grade (having an S&P rating of BBB or above, or the equivalent) and below-investment-grade firms (having an S&P rating of BB or below, or the equivalent) . Questions 31-34 ask about changes in your bank's lending policies for approving applications for consumer loans compared to pre-pandemic levels (end of 2019) to borrowers that your bank rates as prime (having a FICO score of 720 or above, or the equivalent), near-prime (having a FICO score in the 620-719 range, or the equivalent), and subprime (having a FICO score of 619 or below, or the equivalent).

27. Compared to the end of 2019, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines (other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions) to large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more) within the stated risk category changed? In each case assume that all other firm characteristics are typical for C&I loan applications within that risk category.

A. Investment-grade firms (having an S&P rating of BBB or above, or the equivalent, or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	8	12.1	4	12.1	4	12.1
Remained basically unchanged	51	77.3	22	66.7	29	87.9
Eased somewhat	7	10.6	7	21.2	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	66	100	33	100	33	100

For this question, 7 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans to these firms."

B. Below-investment-grade firms (having an S&P rating of BB or below, or the equivalent, or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	3	4.4	1	3.0	2	5.7
Tightened somewhat	15	22.1	9	27.3	6	17.1
Remained basically unchanged	46	67.6	20	60.6	26	74.3
Eased somewhat	4	5.9	3	9.1	1	2.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	68	100	33	100	35	100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans to these firms."

28. Compared to the end of 2019, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines (other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions) to small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million) within the stated risk category changed? In each case assume that all other firm characteristics are typical for C&I loan applications within that risk category.

A. Investment-grade firms (having an S&P rating of BBB or above, or the equivalent, or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	14	20.9	7	24.1	7	18.4
Remained basically unchanged	50	74.6	20	69.0	30	78.9
Eased somewhat	3	4.5	2	6.9	1	2.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	67	100	29	100	38	100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans to these firms."

B. Below-investment-grade firms (having an S&P rating of BB or below, or the equivalent, or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	4	6.1	2	6.9	2	5.4
Tightened somewhat	19	28.8	9	31.0	10	27.0
Remained basically unchanged	41	62.1	17	58.6	24	64.9
Eased somewhat	2	3.0	1	3.4	1	2.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	66	100	29	100	37	100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans to these firms."

29. Compared to the end of 2019, how has your bank changed the following terms for C&I loans to large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more) within the stated risk category? In each case assume that all other firm characteristics are typical for C&I loan applications within that risk category. (Please assign each term a number between 1 and 5 using the following scale: 1=tightened considerably, 2=tightened somewhat, 3=remained basically unchanged, 4=eased somewhat, 5=eased considerably.)

A. Investment-grade firms (having an S&P rating of BBB or above, or the equivalent, or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	6	9.2	3	9.1	3	9.4
Remained Basically Unchanged	51	78.5	23	69.7	28	87.5
Eased Somewhat	8	12.3	7	21.2	1	3.1
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	33	100	32	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	5	7.7	3	9.1	2	6.2
Remained Basically Unchanged	43	66.2	20	60.6	23	71.9
Eased Somewhat	17	26.2	10	30.3	7	21.9
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	33	100	32	100

c. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	3.1
Tightened Somewhat	6	9.4	2	6.2	4	12.5
Remained Basically Unchanged	49	76.6	23	71.9	26	81.2
Eased Somewhat	8	12.5	7	21.9	1	3.1
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	32	100	32	100

d. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	7	11.3	3	9.4	4	13.3
Remained Basically Unchanged	54	87.1	28	87.5	26	86.7
Eased Somewhat	1	1.6	1	3.1	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	32	100	30	100

B. Below-investment-grade firms (having an S&P rating of BB or below, or the equivalent, or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	3	4.6	1	3.0	2	6.2
Tightened Somewhat	6	9.2	1	3.0	5	15.6
Remained Basically Unchanged	53	81.5	29	87.9	24	75.0
Eased Somewhat	3	4.6	2	6.1	1	3.1
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	33	100	32	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	9	13.8	6	18.2	3	9.4
Remained Basically Unchanged	44	67.7	20	60.6	24	75.0
Eased Somewhat	12	18.5	7	21.2	5	15.6
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	33	100	32	100

c. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	3	4.6	0	0.0	3	9.4
Tightened Somewhat	11	16.9	4	12.1	7	21.9
Remained Basically Unchanged	44	67.7	23	69.7	21	65.6
Eased Somewhat	7	10.8	6	18.2	1	3.1
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	33	100	32	100

d. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	3	4.9	0	0.0	3	10.7
Tightened Somewhat	11	18.0	6	18.2	5	17.9
Remained Basically Unchanged	45	73.8	25	75.8	20	71.4
Eased Somewhat	2	3.3	2	6.1	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	33	100	28	100

30. Compared to the end of 2019, how has your bank changed the following terms for C&I loans to small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million) within the stated risk category? In each case assume that all other firm characteristics are typical for C&I loan applications within that risk category. (Please assign each term a number between 1 and 5 using the following scale: 1=tightened considerably, 2=tightened somewhat, 3=remained basically unchanged, 4=eased somewhat, 5=eased considerably.)

A. Investment-grade firms (having an S&P rating of BBB or above, or the equivalent, or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	4	6.2	3	10.3	1	2.8
Remained Basically Unchanged	57	87.7	23	79.3	34	94.4
Eased Somewhat	4	6.2	3	10.3	1	2.8
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	29	100	36	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	7	10.8	5	17.2	2	5.6
Remained Basically Unchanged	46	70.8	21	72.4	25	69.4
Eased Somewhat	11	16.9	3	10.3	8	22.2
Eased Considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.8
Total	65	100	29	100	36	100

c. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.8
Tightened Somewhat	8	12.3	3	10.3	5	13.9
Remained Basically Unchanged	54	83.1	25	86.2	29	80.6
Eased Somewhat	2	3.1	1	3.4	1	2.8
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	29	100	36	100

d. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.9
Tightened Somewhat	5	7.9	3	10.3	2	5.9
Remained Basically Unchanged	57	90.5	26	89.7	31	91.2
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	29	100	34	100

B. Below-investment-grade firms (having an S&P rating of BB or below, or the equivalent, or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	2	3.1	1	3.3	1	2.9
Tightened Somewhat	10	15.4	6	20.0	4	11.4
Remained Basically Unchanged	50	76.9	21	70.0	29	82.9
Eased Somewhat	3	4.6	2	6.7	1	2.9
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	30	100	35	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	10	15.4	7	23.3	3	8.6
Remained Basically Unchanged	46	70.8	20	66.7	26	74.3
Eased Somewhat	8	12.3	3	10.0	5	14.3
Eased Considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.9
Total	65	100	30	100	35	100

c. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.9
Tightened Somewhat	13	20.0	5	16.7	8	22.9
Remained Basically Unchanged	50	76.9	25	83.3	25	71.4
Eased Somewhat	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.9
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	30	100	35	100

d. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	2	3.2	0	0.0	2	6.1
Tightened Somewhat	13	20.6	7	23.3	6	18.2
Remained Basically Unchanged	48	76.2	23	76.7	25	75.8
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	30	100	33	100

31. Compared to the end of 2019, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for credit cards to borrowers within the stated risk category changed? In each case assume that all other borrower characteristics are typical for credit card applications within that risk category.

A. Prime borrowers (having a FICO score of 720 or above, or the equivalent)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	2.2	1	3.8	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	7	15.2	6	23.1	1	5.0
Remained basically unchanged	34	73.9	18	69.2	16	80.0
Eased somewhat	3	6.5	1	3.8	2	10.0
Eased considerably	1	2.2	0	0.0	1	5.0
Total	46	100	26	100	20	100

For this question, 23 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans to these borrowers."

B. Near-prime borrowers (having a FICO score in the 620-719 range, or the equivalent)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	6	13.3	6	25.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	13	28.9	10	41.7	3	14.3
Remained basically unchanged	23	51.1	6	25.0	17	81.0
Eased somewhat	3	6.7	2	8.3	1	4.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	45	100	24	100	21	100

For this question, 23 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans to these borrowers."

C. Subprime borrowers (having a FICO score of 619 or below, or the equivalent)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	4	19.0	4	36.4	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	5	23.8	2	18.2	3	30.0
Remained basically unchanged	10	47.6	4	36.4	6	60.0
Eased somewhat	2	9.5	1	9.1	1	10.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	21	100	11	100	10	100

For this question, 47 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans to these borrowers."

32. Compared to the end of 2019, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for auto loans to borrowers within the stated risk category changed? In each case assume that all other borrower characteristics are typical for auto loan applications within that risk category.

A. Prime borrowers (having a FICO score of 720 or above, or the equivalent)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	6	10.9	5	21.7	1	3.1
Remained basically unchanged	47	85.5	18	78.3	29	90.6
Eased somewhat	2	3.6	0	0.0	2	6.2
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	55	100	23	100	32	100

For this question, 14 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans to these borrowers."

B. Near-prime borrowers (having a FICO score in the 620-719 range, or the equivalent)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	4	7.8	4	19.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	10	19.6	7	33.3	3	10.0
Remained basically unchanged	37	72.5	10	47.6	27	90.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	51	100	21	100	30	100

For this question, 17 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans to these borrowers."

C. Subprime borrowers (having a FICO score of 619 or below, or the equivalent)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	3	14.3	2	40.0	1	6.2
Tightened somewhat	6	28.6	1	20.0	5	31.2
Remained basically unchanged	11	52.4	1	20.0	10	62.5
Eased somewhat	1	4.8	1	20.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	21	100	5	100	16	100

For this question, 48 respondents answered "6. My bank does not originate auto loans to these borrowers."

33. Compared to the end of 2019, how has your bank changed the following terms on new or existing credit card accounts for borrowers within the stated risk category? In each case assume that all other borrower characteristics are typical for credit card applications within that risk category. (Please assign each term a number between 1 and 5 using the following scale: 1=tightened considerably, 2=tightened somewhat, 3=remained basically unchanged, 4=eased somewhat, 5=eased considerably.)

A. Prime borrowers (having a FICO score of 720 or above, or the equivalent)

a. Credit limits

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	2	4.4	2	7.7	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	9	20.0	8	30.8	1	5.3
Remained Basically Unchanged	29	64.4	15	57.7	14	73.7
Eased Somewhat	5	11.1	1	3.8	4	21.1
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	45	100	26	100	19	100

b. Spreads of interest rates charged on outstanding balances over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	3	6.7	1	3.8	2	10.5
Remained Basically Unchanged	39	86.7	23	88.5	16	84.2
Eased Somewhat	3	6.7	2	7.7	1	5.3
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	45	100	26	100	19	100

c. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	2.3	1	4.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	4	9.3	2	8.0	2	11.1
Remained Basically Unchanged	38	88.4	22	88.0	16	88.9
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	43	100	25	100	18	100

B. Near-prime borrowers (having a FICO score in the 620-719 range, or the equivalent)

a. Credit limits

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	4	9.1	4	16.7	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	12	27.3	9	37.5	3	15.0
Remained Basically Unchanged	25	56.8	10	41.7	15	75.0
Eased Somewhat	3	6.8	1	4.2	2	10.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	44	100	24	100	20	100

b. Spreads of interest rates charged on outstanding balances over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	4	9.1	1	4.2	3	15.0
Remained Basically Unchanged	39	88.6	22	91.7	17	85.0
Eased Somewhat	1	2.3	1	4.2	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	44	100	24	100	20	100

c. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	3	7.0	3	12.5	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	6	14.0	3	12.5	3	15.8
Remained Basically Unchanged	34	79.1	18	75.0	16	84.2
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	43	100	24	100	19	100

C. Subprime borrowers (having a FICO score of 619 or below, or the equivalent)

a. Credit limits

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	4	20.0	4	36.4	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	3	15.0	2	18.2	1	11.1
Remained Basically Unchanged	10	50.0	4	36.4	6	66.7
Eased Somewhat	3	15.0	1	9.1	2	22.2
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	20	100	11	100	9	100

b. Spreads of interest rates charged on outstanding balances over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	2	10.5	1	9.1	1	12.5
Remained Basically Unchanged	17	89.5	10	90.9	7	87.5
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	19	100	11	100	8	100

c. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	2	10.5	2	18.2	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	2	10.5	1	9.1	1	12.5
Remained Basically Unchanged	15	78.9	8	72.7	7	87.5
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	19	100	11	100	8	100

34. Compared to the end of 2019, how has your bank changed the following terms on loans to borrowers within the stated risk category to purchase autos? In each case assume that all other borrower characteristics are typical for auto loan applications within that risk category. (Please assign each term a number between 1 and 5 using the following scale: 1=tightened considerably, 2=tightened somewhat, 3=remained basically unchanged, 4=eased somewhat, 5=eased considerably.)

A. Prime borrowers (having a FICO score of 720 or above, or the equivalent)

a. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	2	3.7	2	9.1	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	6	11.1	5	22.7	1	3.1
Remained Basically Unchanged	35	64.8	11	50.0	24	75.0
Eased Somewhat	10	18.5	4	18.2	6	18.8
Eased Considerably	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	3.1
Total	54	100	22	100	32	100

b. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	3	5.6	3	13.6	0	0.0
Remained Basically Unchanged	50	92.6	19	86.4	31	96.9
Eased Somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	3.1
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	54	100	22	100	32	100

c. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	2	3.8	0	0.0	2	6.5
Remained Basically Unchanged	51	96.2	22	100.0	29	93.5
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	22	100	31	100

B. Near-prime borrowers (having a FICO score in the 620-719 range, or the equivalent)

a. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	3	6.2	3	15.8	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	10	20.8	4	21.1	6	20.7
Remained Basically Unchanged	30	62.5	11	57.9	19	65.5
Eased Somewhat	4	8.3	1	5.3	3	10.3
Eased Considerably	1	2.1	0	0.0	1	3.4
Total	48	100	19	100	29	100

b. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	2.0	1	5.3	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	6	12.2	3	15.8	3	10.0
Remained Basically Unchanged	42	85.7	15	78.9	27	90.0
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	49	100	19	100	30	100

c. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	3	6.1	3	15.8	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	5	10.2	0	0.0	5	16.7
Remained Basically Unchanged	41	83.7	16	84.2	25	83.3
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	49	100	19	100	30	100

C. Subprime borrowers (having a FICO score of 619 or below, or the equivalent)

a. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	3	14.3	2	40.0	1	6.2
Remained Basically Unchanged	15	71.4	2	40.0	13	81.2
Eased Somewhat	3	14.3	1	20.0	2	12.5
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	21	100	5	100	16	100

b. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	2	9.5	0	0.0	2	12.5
Remained Basically Unchanged	19	90.5	5	100.0	14	87.5
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	21	100	5	100	16	100

c. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	3	14.3	1	20.0	2	12.5
Tightened Somewhat	1	4.8	0	0.0	1	6.2
Remained Basically Unchanged	17	81.0	4	80.0	13	81.2
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	21	100	5	100	16	100

The second set of special questions, Questions 35-37, asks how your bank has changed its lending policies over the past year for three different types of commercial real estate (CRE) loans: construction and land development loans, loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties, and loans secured by multifamily residential properties.

35. Over the past year, how has your bank changed the following policies on construction and land development loans?

A. Maximum loan size

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.7
Tightened Somewhat	10	14.7	3	9.7	7	18.9
Remained Basically Unchanged	55	80.9	27	87.1	28	75.7
Eased Somewhat	2	2.9	1	3.2	1	2.7
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	68	100	31	100	37	100

B. Maximum loan maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	5	7.4	2	6.5	3	8.1
Remained Basically Unchanged	61	89.7	29	93.5	32	86.5
Eased Somewhat	2	2.9	0	0.0	2	5.4
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	68	100	31	100	37	100

C. Spread of loan rates over your bank’s cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.7
Tightened Somewhat	18	26.5	11	35.5	7	18.9
Remained Basically Unchanged	36	52.9	13	41.9	23	62.2
Eased Somewhat	12	17.6	7	22.6	5	13.5
Eased Considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.7
Total	68	100	31	100	37	100

D. Loan-to-value ratios (lower ratios=tightened, higher ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	25	36.8	9	29.0	16	43.2
Remained Basically Unchanged	43	63.2	22	71.0	21	56.8
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	68	100	31	100	37	100

E. Debt service coverage ratios (higher ratios=tightened, lower ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	13	19.1	5	16.1	8	21.6
Remained Basically Unchanged	53	77.9	24	77.4	29	78.4
Eased Somewhat	2	2.9	2	6.5	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	68	100	31	100	37	100

F. Market areas served (reduced market areas=tightened, expanded market areas=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	3	4.4	1	3.2	2	5.4
Tightened Somewhat	10	14.7	7	22.6	3	8.1
Remained Basically Unchanged	50	73.5	22	71.0	28	75.7
Eased Somewhat	5	7.4	1	3.2	4	10.8
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	68	100	31	100	37	100

G. Length of interest-only payment period (shorter interest-only periods=tightened, longer interest-only periods=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	5	7.4	1	3.2	4	10.8
Remained Basically Unchanged	59	86.8	30	96.8	29	78.4
Eased Somewhat	4	5.9	0	0.0	4	10.8
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	68	100	31	100	37	100

For this question, 4 respondents answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans."

36. Over the past year, how has your bank changed the following policies on loans secured by nonfarm-nonresidential properties?

A. Maximum loan size

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.7
Tightened Somewhat	6	8.7	2	6.2	4	10.8
Remained Basically Unchanged	58	84.1	29	90.6	29	78.4
Eased Somewhat	4	5.8	1	3.1	3	8.1
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	69	100	32	100	37	100

B. Maximum loan maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	4	5.8	2	6.2	2	5.4
Remained Basically Unchanged	60	87.0	30	93.8	30	81.1
Eased Somewhat	5	7.2	0	0.0	5	13.5
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	69	100	32	100	37	100

C. Spread of loan rates over your bank’s cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.8
Tightened Somewhat	18	26.5	12	37.5	6	16.7
Remained Basically Unchanged	35	51.5	15	46.9	20	55.6
Eased Somewhat	13	19.1	5	15.6	8	22.2
Eased Considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.8
Total	68	100	32	100	36	100

D. Loan-to-value ratios (lower ratios=tightened, higher ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.7
Tightened Somewhat	16	23.2	6	18.8	10	27.0
Remained Basically Unchanged	51	73.9	26	81.2	25	67.6
Eased Somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.7
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	69	100	32	100	37	100

E. Debt service coverage ratios (higher ratios=tightened, lower ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.7
Tightened Somewhat	13	18.8	6	18.8	7	18.9
Remained Basically Unchanged	55	79.7	26	81.2	29	78.4
Eased Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	69	100	32	100	37	100

F. Market areas served (reduced market areas=tightened, expanded market areas=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.7
Tightened Somewhat	12	17.4	9	28.1	3	8.1
Remained Basically Unchanged	51	73.9	23	71.9	28	75.7
Eased Somewhat	5	7.2	0	0.0	5	13.5
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	69	100	32	100	37	100

G. Length of interest-only payment period (shorter interest-only periods=tightened, longer interest-only periods=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	7	10.1	3	9.4	4	10.8
Remained Basically Unchanged	58	84.1	29	90.6	29	78.4
Eased Somewhat	3	4.3	0	0.0	3	8.1
Eased Considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.7
Total	69	100	32	100	37	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate nonfarm-nonresidential loans."

37. Over the past year, how has your bank changed the following policies on loans secured by multifamily residential properties?

A. Maximum loan size

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.7
Tightened Somewhat	5	7.1	1	3.0	4	10.8
Remained Basically Unchanged	58	82.9	30	90.9	28	75.7
Eased Somewhat	6	8.6	2	6.1	4	10.8
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	33	100	37	100

B. Maximum loan maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained Basically Unchanged	65	92.9	32	97.0	33	89.2
Eased Somewhat	5	7.1	1	3.0	4	10.8
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	33	100	37	100

C. Spread of loan rates over your bank’s cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.7
Tightened Somewhat	17	24.3	11	33.3	6	16.2
Remained Basically Unchanged	37	52.9	16	48.5	21	56.8
Eased Somewhat	14	20.0	6	18.2	8	21.6
Eased Considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.7
Total	70	100	33	100	37	100

D. Loan-to-value ratios (lower ratios=tightened, higher ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	14	20.0	3	9.1	11	29.7
Remained Basically Unchanged	54	77.1	29	87.9	25	67.6
Eased Somewhat	2	2.9	1	3.0	1	2.7
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	33	100	37	100

E. Debt service coverage ratios (higher ratios=tightened, lower ratios=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	11	15.7	4	12.1	7	18.9
Remained Basically Unchanged	54	77.1	27	81.8	27	73.0
Eased Somewhat	5	7.1	2	6.1	3	8.1
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	33	100	37	100

F. Market areas served (reduced market areas=tightened, expanded market areas=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened Somewhat	8	11.4	4	12.1	4	10.8
Remained Basically Unchanged	57	81.4	28	84.8	29	78.4
Eased Somewhat	5	7.1	1	3.0	4	10.8
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	33	100	37	100

G. Length of interest-only payment period (shorter interest-only periods=tightened, longer interest-only periods=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened Considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.7
Tightened Somewhat	5	7.1	2	6.1	3	8.1
Remained Basically Unchanged	59	84.3	30	90.9	29	78.4
Eased Somewhat	5	7.1	1	3.0	4	10.8
Eased Considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	33	100	37	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate multifamliy loans."

1. The sample is selected from among the largest banks in each Federal Reserve District. In the table, large banks are defined as those with total domestic assets of $50 billion or more as of December 31, 2020. The combined assets of the 35 large banks totaled $12.9 trillion, compared to $13.7 trillion for the entire panel of 75 banks, and $18.6 trillion for all domestically chartered, federally insured commercial banks. Return to text

Last Update: May 03, 2021

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

Table 1 PDF RSS DDP

Table 1

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States 1

(Status of Policy as of April 2021)

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States ¹