July 2021 Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, Table 1

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Table 1

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States ¹

(Status of Policy as of July 2021)

Questions 1-6 ask about commercial and industrial (C&I) loans at your bank. Questions 1-3 deal with changes in your bank's lending policies over the past three months. Questions 4-5 deal with changes in demand for C&I loans over the past three months. Question 6 asks about changes in prospective demand for C&I loans at your bank, as indicated by the volume of recent inquiries about the availability of new credit lines or increases in existing lines. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

1. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines—other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions—to large and middle-market firms and to small firms changed? (If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested below, please use your definitions and indicate what they are.)

A. Standards for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	50	67.6	19	54.3	31	79.5
Eased somewhat	24	32.4	16	45.7	8	20.5
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	74	100	35	100	39	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms."

B. Standards for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	52	74.3	19	61.3	33	84.6
Eased somewhat	18	25.7	12	38.7	6	15.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	31	100	39	100

For this question, 4 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to small firms."

2. For applications for C&I loans or credit lines—other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions—from large and middle-market firms and from small firms that your bank currently is willing to approve, how have the terms of those loans changed over the past three months?

A. Terms for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	52	70.3	17	48.6	35	89.7
Eased somewhat	21	28.4	18	51.4	3	7.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	74	100	35	100	39	100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	65	87.8	30	85.7	35	89.7
Eased somewhat	8	10.8	5	14.3	3	7.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	74	100	35	100	39	100

c. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	48	64.9	16	45.7	32	82.1
Eased somewhat	25	33.8	19	54.3	6	15.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	74	100	35	100	39	100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	4.1	1	2.9	2	5.1
Remained basically unchanged	35	47.3	11	31.4	24	61.5
Eased somewhat	36	48.6	23	65.7	13	33.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	74	100	35	100	39	100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	58	79.5	24	68.6	34	89.5
Eased somewhat	15	20.5	11	31.4	4	10.5
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	73	100	35	100	38	100

f. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	56	75.7	21	60.0	35	89.7
Eased somewhat	18	24.3	14	40.0	4	10.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	74	100	35	100	39	100

g. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	68	91.9	33	94.3	35	89.7
Eased somewhat	5	6.8	2	5.7	3	7.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	74	100	35	100	39	100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	5.4	0	0.0	4	10.3
Remained basically unchanged	49	66.2	21	60.0	28	71.8
Eased somewhat	19	25.7	13	37.1	6	15.4
Eased considerably	2	2.7	1	2.9	1	2.6
Total	74	100	35	100	39	100

B. Terms for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	62	88.6	26	83.9	36	92.3
Eased somewhat	7	10.0	5	16.1	2	5.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	31	100	39	100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	61	87.1	26	83.9	35	89.7
Eased somewhat	8	11.4	5	16.1	3	7.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	31	100	39	100

c. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	51	73.9	18	58.1	33	86.8
Eased somewhat	17	24.6	13	41.9	4	10.5
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	69	100	31	100	38	100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	2.9	0	0.0	2	5.1
Remained basically unchanged	41	58.6	16	51.6	25	64.1
Eased somewhat	27	38.6	15	48.4	12	30.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	31	100	39	100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	62	88.6	27	87.1	35	89.7
Eased somewhat	7	10.0	4	12.9	3	7.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	31	100	39	100

f. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	63	90.0	29	93.5	34	87.2
Eased somewhat	6	8.6	2	6.5	4	10.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	31	100	39	100

g. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	63	92.6	28	93.3	35	92.1
Eased somewhat	4	5.9	2	6.7	2	5.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	68	100	30	100	38	100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	5	7.2	0	0.0	5	12.8
Remained basically unchanged	53	76.8	25	83.3	28	71.8
Eased somewhat	9	13.0	4	13.3	5	12.8
Eased considerably	2	2.9	1	3.3	1	2.6
Total	69	100	30	100	39	100

3. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit standards or its terms for C&I loans or credit lines over the past three months (as described in questions 1 and 2), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit standards or loan terms:

a. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected capital position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	66.7	0	NaN	4	66.7
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Very important	2	33.3	0	NaN	2	33.3
Total	6	100	0	100	6	100

b. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	1	16.7	0	NaN	1	16.7
Somewhat important	4	66.7	0	NaN	4	66.7
Very important	1	16.7	0	NaN	1	16.7
Total	6	100	0	100	6	100

c. Worsening of industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	33.3	0	NaN	2	33.3
Somewhat important	1	16.7	0	NaN	1	16.7
Very important	3	50.0	0	NaN	3	50.0
Total	6	100	0	100	6	100

d. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	5	83.3	0	NaN	5	83.3
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Very important	1	16.7	0	NaN	1	16.7
Total	6	100	0	100	6	100

e. Reduced tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	1	20.0	0	NaN	1	20.0
Somewhat important	2	40.0	0	NaN	2	40.0
Very important	2	40.0	0	NaN	2	40.0
Total	5	100	0	100	5	100

f. Decreased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	5	83.3	0	NaN	5	83.3
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Very important	1	16.7	0	NaN	1	16.7
Total	6	100	0	100	6	100

g. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	5	83.3	0	NaN	5	83.3
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Very important	1	16.7	0	NaN	1	16.7
Total	6	100	0	100	6	100

h. Increased concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	5	83.3	0	NaN	5	83.3
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Very important	1	16.7	0	NaN	1	16.7
Total	6	100	0	100	6	100

B. Possible reasons for easing credit standards or loan terms:

a. Improvement in your bank's current or expected capital position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	34	79.1	22	84.6	12	70.6
Somewhat important	9	20.9	4	15.4	5	29.4
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	43	100	26	100	17	100

b. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	5	11.6	2	7.7	3	17.6
Somewhat important	25	58.1	15	57.7	10	58.8
Very important	13	30.2	9	34.6	4	23.5
Total	43	100	26	100	17	100

c. Improvement in industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	15	36.6	11	44.0	4	25.0
Somewhat important	21	51.2	11	44.0	10	62.5
Very important	5	12.2	3	12.0	2	12.5
Total	41	100	25	100	16	100

d. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	5	11.6	2	7.7	3	17.6
Somewhat important	21	48.8	14	53.8	7	41.2
Very important	17	39.5	10	38.5	7	41.2
Total	43	100	26	100	17	100

e. Increased tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	28	65.1	19	73.1	9	52.9
Somewhat important	15	34.9	7	26.9	8	47.1
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	43	100	26	100	17	100

f. Increased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	37	86.0	23	88.5	14	82.4
Somewhat important	5	11.6	3	11.5	2	11.8
Very important	1	2.3	0	0.0	1	5.9
Total	43	100	26	100	17	100

g. Improvement in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	26	61.9	17	68.0	9	52.9
Somewhat important	14	33.3	8	32.0	6	35.3
Very important	2	4.8	0	0.0	2	11.8
Total	42	100	25	100	17	100

h. Reduced concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	43	100.0	26	100.0	17	100.0
Somewhat important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	43	100	26	100	17	100

4. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for C&I loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

A. Demand for C&I loans from large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	22	30.6	12	34.3	10	27.0
About the same	32	44.4	16	45.7	16	43.2
Moderately weaker	17	23.6	7	20.0	10	27.0
Substantially weaker	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.7
Total	72	100	35	100	37	100

B. Demand for C&I loans from small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	21	30.9	13	41.9	8	21.6
About the same	31	45.6	14	45.2	17	45.9
Moderately weaker	16	23.5	4	12.9	12	32.4
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	68	100	31	100	37	100

5. If demand for C&I loans has strengthened or weakened over the past three months (as described in question 4), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. If stronger loan demand (answer 1 or 2 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	14.8	2	13.3	2	16.7
Somewhat important	22	81.5	13	86.7	9	75.0
Very important	1	3.7	0	0.0	1	8.3
Total	27	100	15	100	12	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	6	22.2	2	13.3	4	33.3
Somewhat important	20	74.1	13	86.7	7	58.3
Very important	1	3.7	0	0.0	1	8.3
Total	27	100	15	100	12	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	6	22.2	5	33.3	1	8.3
Somewhat important	20	74.1	10	66.7	10	83.3
Very important	1	3.7	0	0.0	1	8.3
Total	27	100	15	100	12	100

d. Customer internally generated funds decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	25	92.6	15	100.0	10	83.3
Somewhat important	2	7.4	0	0.0	2	16.7
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	27	100	15	100	12	100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	12	44.4	4	26.7	8	66.7
Somewhat important	10	37.0	7	46.7	3	25.0
Very important	5	18.5	4	26.7	1	8.3
Total	27	100	15	100	12	100

f. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became less attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	18	66.7	12	80.0	6	50.0
Somewhat important	8	29.6	2	13.3	6	50.0
Very important	1	3.7	1	6.7	0	0.0
Total	27	100	15	100	12	100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	23	85.2	14	93.3	9	75.0
Somewhat important	3	11.1	1	6.7	2	16.7
Very important	1	3.7	0	0.0	1	8.3
Total	27	100	15	100	12	100

B. If weaker loan demand (answer 4 or 5 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	9	56.2	4	66.7	5	50.0
Somewhat important	5	31.2	2	33.3	3	30.0
Very important	2	12.5	0	0.0	2	20.0
Total	16	100	6	100	10	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	10	62.5	4	66.7	6	60.0
Somewhat important	5	31.2	2	33.3	3	30.0
Very important	1	6.2	0	0.0	1	10.0
Total	16	100	6	100	10	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	9	60.0	4	66.7	5	55.6
Somewhat important	5	33.3	2	33.3	3	33.3
Very important	1	6.7	0	0.0	1	11.1
Total	15	100	6	100	9	100

d. Customer internally generated funds increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	26.7	2	33.3	2	22.2
Somewhat important	7	46.7	4	66.7	3	33.3
Very important	4	26.7	0	0.0	4	44.4
Total	15	100	6	100	9	100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	11	73.3	5	83.3	6	66.7
Somewhat important	4	26.7	1	16.7	3	33.3
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	6	100	9	100

f. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became more attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	12	80.0	4	66.7	8	88.9
Somewhat important	2	13.3	1	16.7	1	11.1
Very important	1	6.7	1	16.7	0	0.0
Total	15	100	6	100	9	100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	8	57.1	3	50.0	5	62.5
Somewhat important	5	35.7	2	33.3	3	37.5
Very important	1	7.1	1	16.7	0	0.0
Total	14	100	6	100	8	100

6. At your bank, apart from seasonal variation, how has the number of inquiries from potential business borrowers regarding the availability and terms of new credit lines or increases in existing lines changed over the past three months? (Please consider only inquiries for additional or increased C&I lines as opposed to the refinancing of existing loans.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
The number of inquiries has increased substantially	1	1.4	1	2.9	0	0.0
The number of inquiries has increased moderately	22	31.0	14	41.2	8	21.6
The number of inquiries has stayed about the same	41	57.7	18	52.9	23	62.2
The number of inquiries has decreased moderately	7	9.9	1	2.9	6	16.2
The number of inquiries has decreased substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	71	100	34	100	37	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I lines of credit."

Questions 7-12 ask about changes in standards and demand over the past three months for three different types of commercial real estate (CRE) loans at your bank: construction and land development loans, loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties, and loans secured by multifamily residential properties. Please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

7. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for construction and land development loans or credit lines changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	2.8	1	3.1	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	62	87.3	27	84.4	35	89.7
Eased somewhat	7	9.9	4	12.5	3	7.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	71	100	32	100	39	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans or credit lines."

8. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	2.7	1	2.9	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	66	90.4	29	85.3	37	94.9
Eased somewhat	5	6.8	4	11.8	1	2.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	73	100	34	100	39	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties."

9. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Tightened somewhat	2	2.8	0	0.0	2	5.3
Remained basically unchanged	53	73.6	26	76.5	27	71.1
Eased somewhat	15	20.8	7	20.6	8	21.1
Eased considerably	1	1.4	1	2.9	0	0.0
Total	72	100	34	100	38	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by multifamily residential properties."

10. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for construction and land development loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Moderately stronger	22	31.0	10	30.3	12	31.6
About the same	41	57.7	20	60.6	21	55.3
Moderately weaker	7	9.9	3	9.1	4	10.5
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	71	100	33	100	38	100

11. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Moderately stronger	15	20.8	9	27.3	6	15.4
About the same	50	69.4	22	66.7	28	71.8
Moderately weaker	6	8.3	2	6.1	4	10.3
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	72	100	33	100	39	100

12. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	4	5.6	1	3.0	3	7.7
Moderately stronger	27	37.5	16	48.5	11	28.2
About the same	37	51.4	15	45.5	22	56.4
Moderately weaker	4	5.6	1	3.0	3	7.7
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	72	100	33	100	39	100

Note: Beginning with the January 2015 survey, the loan categories referred to in the questions regarding changes in credit standards and demand for residential mortgage loans have been revised to reflect the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's qualified mortgage rules.

Questions 13-14 ask about seven categories of residential mortgage loans at your bank: Government-Sponsored Enterprise eligible (GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, government residential mortgages, Qualified Mortgage non-jumbo non-GSE-eligible (QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages, and subprime residential mortgages. For the purposes of this survey, please use the following definitions of these loan categories and include first-lien closed-end loans to purchase homes only. The loan categories have been defined so that every first-lien closed-end residential mortgage loan used for home purchase fits into one of the following seven categories:

The GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that meet the underwriting guidelines, including loan limit amounts, of the GSEs - Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
The government category of residential mortgages includes loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration, guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, or originated under government programs, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture home loan programs.
The QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amounts set by the GSEs but otherwise do not meet the GSE underwriting guidelines.
The QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage but have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
The non-QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
The non-QM non-jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amount set by the GSEs. (Please exclude loans classified by your bank as subprime in this category.)
The subprime category of residential mortgages includes loans classified by your bank as subprime. This category typically includes loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories that include payment delinquencies, charge-offs, judgements, and/or bankruptcies; reduced repayment capacity as measured by credit scores or debt-to-income ratios; or incomplete credit histories.

Question 13 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if the standards are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards. Question 14 deals with changes in demand for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months.

13. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications from individuals for mortgage loans to purchase homes changed? (Please consider only new originations as opposed to the refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.5	1	3.6	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.1	1	3.6	1	2.7
Remained basically unchanged	59	90.8	24	85.7	35	94.6
Eased somewhat	2	3.1	1	3.6	1	2.7
Eased considerably	1	1.5	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	65	100	28	100	37	100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

B. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.7
Remained basically unchanged	57	90.5	22	84.6	35	94.6
Eased somewhat	5	7.9	4	15.4	1	2.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	26	100	37	100

For this question, 10 respondents answered "My bank does not originate government residential mortgages."

C. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	51	81.0	20	69.0	31	91.2
Eased somewhat	12	19.0	9	31.0	3	8.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	29	100	34	100

For this question, 10 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

D. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	45	69.2	16	57.1	29	78.4
Eased somewhat	19	29.2	11	39.3	8	21.6
Eased considerably	1	1.5	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	65	100	28	100	37	100

For this question, 7 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM jumbo residential mortgages."

E. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	3.1
Remained basically unchanged	45	72.6	17	56.7	28	87.5
Eased somewhat	15	24.2	12	40.0	3	9.4
Eased considerably	1	1.6	1	3.3	0	0.0
Total	62	100	30	100	32	100

For this question, 11 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM jumbo residential mortgages."

F. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.3	0	0.0	2	6.2
Remained basically unchanged	50	83.3	21	75.0	29	90.6
Eased somewhat	8	13.3	7	25.0	1	3.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	28	100	32	100

For this question, 12 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages."

G. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	25.0	0	NaN	2	25.0
Remained basically unchanged	6	75.0	0	NaN	6	75.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Total	8	100	0	100	8	100

For this question, 64 respondents answered "My bank does not originate subprime residential mortgages."

14. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for mortgages to purchase homes changed over the past three months? (Please consider only applications for new originations as opposed to applications for refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	2	3.1	0	0.0	2	5.4
Moderately stronger	14	21.5	9	32.1	5	13.5
About the same	41	63.1	17	60.7	24	64.9
Moderately weaker	7	10.8	1	3.6	6	16.2
Substantially weaker	1	1.5	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	65	100	28	100	37	100

B. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	7	11.1	4	15.4	3	8.1
About the same	47	74.6	18	69.2	29	78.4
Moderately weaker	7	11.1	2	7.7	5	13.5
Substantially weaker	2	3.2	2	7.7	0	0.0
Total	63	100	26	100	37	100

C. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.9
Moderately stronger	10	16.1	5	17.9	5	14.7
About the same	45	72.6	20	71.4	25	73.5
Moderately weaker	5	8.1	2	7.1	3	8.8
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	62	100	28	100	34	100

D. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	3	4.8	1	3.6	2	5.7
Moderately stronger	19	30.2	9	32.1	10	28.6
About the same	35	55.6	15	53.6	20	57.1
Moderately weaker	5	7.9	2	7.1	3	8.6
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

E. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	2	3.3	1	3.4	1	3.1
Moderately stronger	16	26.2	8	27.6	8	25.0
About the same	38	62.3	17	58.6	21	65.6
Moderately weaker	4	6.6	2	6.9	2	6.2
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	1	3.4	0	0.0
Total	61	100	29	100	32	100

F. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	3.1
Moderately stronger	10	16.7	5	17.9	5	15.6
About the same	44	73.3	20	71.4	24	75.0
Moderately weaker	4	6.7	2	7.1	2	6.2
Substantially weaker	1	1.7	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	60	100	28	100	32	100

G. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
About the same	5	62.5	0	NaN	5	62.5
Moderately weaker	3	37.5	0	NaN	3	37.5
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	NaN	0	0.0
Total	8	100	0	100	8	100

Questions 15-16 ask about revolving home equity lines of credit at your bank. Question 15 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards over the past three months. Question 16 deals with changes in demand. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if they are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

15. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for revolving home equity lines of credit changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.7
Remained basically unchanged	50	78.1	19	70.4	31	83.8
Eased somewhat	13	20.3	8	29.6	5	13.5
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	27	100	37	100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate revolving home equity lines of credit."

16. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for revolving home equity lines of credit changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.7
Moderately stronger	11	17.2	5	18.5	6	16.2
About the same	42	65.6	16	59.3	26	70.3
Moderately weaker	9	14.1	5	18.5	4	10.8
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	1	3.7	0	0.0
Total	64	100	27	100	37	100

Questions 17-26 ask about consumer lending at your bank. Question 17 deals with changes in your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans over the past three months. Questions 18-23 deal with changes in credit standards and loan terms over the same period. Questions 24-26 deal with changes in demand for consumer loans over the past three months. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

17. Please indicate your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans now as opposed to three months ago.

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Much more willing	2	3.0	1	3.4	1	2.7
Somewhat more willing	17	25.8	12	41.4	5	13.5
About unchanged	44	66.7	14	48.3	30	81.1
Somewhat less willing	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.7
Much less willing	2	3.0	2	6.9	0	0.0
Total	66	100	29	100	37	100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer installment loans."

18. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for credit cards from individuals or households changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	2.0	1	3.6	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	30	58.8	13	46.4	17	73.9
Eased somewhat	19	37.3	13	46.4	6	26.1
Eased considerably	1	2.0	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	51	100	28	100	23	100

For this question, 23 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans to individuals or households."

19. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for auto loans to individuals or households changed? (Please include loans arising from retail sales of passenger cars and other vehicles such as minivans, vans, sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, and similar light trucks for personal use, whether new or used. Please exclude loans to finance fleet sales, personal cash loans secured by automobiles already paid for, loans to finance the purchase of commercial vehicles and farm equipment, and lease financing.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	48	81.4	18	75.0	30	85.7
Eased somewhat	11	18.6	6	25.0	5	14.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	24	100	35	100

For this question, 16 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans to individuals or households."

20. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.5	1	3.4	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.5	1	3.4	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	51	77.3	18	62.1	33	89.2
Eased somewhat	12	18.2	8	27.6	4	10.8
Eased considerably	1	1.5	1	3.4	0	0.0
Total	66	100	29	100	37	100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer loans other than credit card or auto loans."

21. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on new or existing credit card accounts for individuals or households?

a. Credit limits

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	4.1	1	3.6	1	4.8
Remained basically unchanged	34	69.4	19	67.9	15	71.4
Eased somewhat	13	26.5	8	28.6	5	23.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	49	100	28	100	21	100

b. Spreads of interest rates charged on outstanding balances over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	4.1	2	7.1	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	46	93.9	26	92.9	20	95.2
Eased somewhat	1	2.0	0	0.0	1	4.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	49	100	28	100	21	100

c. Minimum percent of outstanding balances required to be repaid each month

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	48	98.0	28	100.0	20	95.2
Eased somewhat	1	2.0	0	0.0	1	4.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	49	100	28	100	21	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	2.0	1	3.6	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	35	71.4	17	60.7	18	85.7
Eased somewhat	12	24.5	9	32.1	3	14.3
Eased considerably	1	2.0	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	49	100	28	100	21	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	44	91.7	27	96.4	17	85.0
Eased somewhat	4	8.3	1	3.6	3	15.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	28	100	20	100

22. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on loans to individuals or households to purchase autos?

a. Maximum maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	54	94.7	24	100.0	30	90.9
Eased somewhat	3	5.3	0	0.0	3	9.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	24	100	33	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.3	2	8.3	1	3.0
Remained basically unchanged	49	86.0	20	83.3	29	87.9
Eased somewhat	5	8.8	2	8.3	3	9.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	24	100	33	100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	52	94.5	22	91.7	30	96.8
Eased somewhat	3	5.5	2	8.3	1	3.2
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	55	100	24	100	31	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.8	1	4.2	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	49	86.0	19	79.2	30	90.9
Eased somewhat	7	12.3	4	16.7	3	9.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	24	100	33	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	3.0
Remained basically unchanged	55	96.5	24	100.0	31	93.9
Eased somewhat	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	3.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	24	100	33	100

23. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans?

a. Maximum maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	60	95.2	27	96.4	33	94.3
Eased somewhat	3	4.8	1	3.6	2	5.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	4.8	2	7.1	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	54	85.7	22	78.6	32	91.4
Eased somewhat	6	9.5	4	14.3	2	5.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	60	95.2	26	92.9	34	97.1
Eased somewhat	3	4.8	2	7.1	1	2.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	53	84.1	20	71.4	33	94.3
Eased somewhat	9	14.3	7	25.0	2	5.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	58	93.5	25	89.3	33	97.1
Eased somewhat	3	4.8	3	10.7	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	28	100	34	100

24. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for credit card loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	17	34.0	12	42.9	5	22.7
About the same	32	64.0	16	57.1	16	72.7
Moderately weaker	1	2.0	0	0.0	1	4.5
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	50	100	28	100	22	100

25. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for auto loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	2	3.4	2	8.3	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	19	32.2	10	41.7	9	25.7
About the same	33	55.9	12	50.0	21	60.0
Moderately weaker	5	8.5	0	0.0	5	14.3
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	24	100	35	100

26. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	9	13.6	5	17.2	4	10.8
About the same	52	78.8	23	79.3	29	78.4
Moderately weaker	5	7.6	1	3.4	4	10.8
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	66	100	29	100	37	100

Question 27 asks you to describe the current level of lending standards at your bank relative to the range of standards that has prevailed between 2005 and the present, a period which likely encompasses a wide range of standards as seen over a credit cycle. For each of the loan categories listed below, please use as reference points the points at which standards at your bank were tightest (most restrictive or least accommodative) and easiest (most accommodative or least restrictive) during this period.

27. Using the range between the tightest and the easiest that lending standards at your bank have been between 2005 and the present, for each of the loan categories listed below, how would you describe your bank's current level of standards relative to that range? If a different time frame (other than between 2005 and the present) would better encompass the most recent period over which your bank's standards have spanned the range of easiest to tightest, please indicate that reference range in the comment box below.

A. C&I loans or credit lines:

a. Syndicated or club loans (large loans originated by a group of relationship lenders) to investment-grade firms (or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	1	1.5	1	3.1	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	8	11.9	5	15.6	3	8.6
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	26	38.8	15	46.9	11	31.4
Near the midpoint	19	28.4	7	21.9	12	34.3
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	11	16.4	4	12.5	7	20.0
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	2	3.0	0	0.0	2	5.7
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	67	100	32	100	35	100

b. Syndicated or club loans to below-investment-grade firms (or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	2	3.1	2	6.7	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	8	12.3	6	20.0	2	5.7
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	18	27.7	9	30.0	9	25.7
Near the midpoint	18	27.7	8	26.7	10	28.6
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	14	21.5	4	13.3	10	28.6
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	3	4.6	1	3.3	2	5.7
Near the tightest level	2	3.1	0	0.0	2	5.7
Total	65	100	30	100	35	100

c. Non-syndicated loans to large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	2	2.8	1	3.0	1	2.6
Significantly easier than the midpoint	5	7.0	3	9.1	2	5.3
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	23	32.4	15	45.5	8	21.1
Near the midpoint	29	40.8	9	27.3	20	52.6
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	12	16.9	5	15.2	7	18.4
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	71	100	33	100	38	100

d. Non-syndicated loans to small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	1	1.4	1	3.2	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	3	4.3	1	3.2	2	5.3
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	20	29.0	11	35.5	9	23.7
Near the midpoint	33	47.8	13	41.9	20	52.6
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	11	15.9	4	12.9	7	18.4
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	1	1.4	1	3.2	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	69	100	31	100	38	100

e. Loans to very small firms (annual sales of less than $5 million)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	5	7.7	3	10.3	2	5.6
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	16	24.6	7	24.1	9	25.0
Near the midpoint	31	47.7	14	48.3	17	47.2
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	13	20.0	5	17.2	8	22.2
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	29	100	36	100

B. Loans or credit lines secured by commercial real estate:

a. For construction and land development purposes

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	14	20.0	6	18.8	8	21.1
Near the midpoint	24	34.3	9	28.1	15	39.5
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	24	34.3	13	40.6	11	28.9
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	6	8.6	3	9.4	3	7.9
Near the tightest level	1	1.4	1	3.1	0	0.0
Total	70	100	32	100	38	100

b. Secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.4	0	0.0	1	2.6
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	13	18.6	6	18.8	7	18.4
Near the midpoint	30	42.9	11	34.4	19	50.0
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	19	27.1	9	28.1	10	26.3
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	7	10.0	6	18.8	1	2.6
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	32	100	38	100

c. Secured by multifamily residential properties

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	3	4.3	1	3.1	2	5.3
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	17	24.3	7	21.9	10	26.3
Near the midpoint	30	42.9	13	40.6	17	44.7
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	18	25.7	10	31.2	8	21.1
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	2	2.9	1	3.1	1	2.6
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	70	100	32	100	38	100

C. Loans or credit lines secured by residential real estate (For the jumbo category, consider residential real estate loans that have balances that are above the conforming loan limits announced by the FHFA. For remaining categories, please refer to the definitions of residential real estate loan categories stated in questions 13-14):

a. GSE-eligible residential mortgage loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.5	1	3.4	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	9	13.8	3	10.3	6	16.7
Near the midpoint of the range	35	53.8	13	44.8	22	61.1
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	17	26.2	9	31.0	8	22.2
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	3	4.6	3	10.3	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	29	100	36	100

b. Government residential mortgage loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	8	12.9	2	7.7	6	16.7
Near the midpoint of the range	37	59.7	15	57.7	22	61.1
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	14	22.6	6	23.1	8	22.2
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	3	4.8	3	11.5	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	26	100	36	100

c. Jumbo residential mortgage loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	13	20.0	3	10.3	10	27.8
Near the midpoint of the range	29	44.6	12	41.4	17	47.2
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	18	27.7	10	34.5	8	22.2
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	4	6.2	4	13.8	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.8
Total	65	100	29	100	36	100

d. Revolving home equity lines of credit

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	7	11.1	0	0.0	7	20.0
Near the midpoint of the range	27	42.9	10	35.7	17	48.6
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	24	38.1	14	50.0	10	28.6
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	4	6.3	3	10.7	1	2.9
Near the tightest level	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	63	100	28	100	35	100

D. Consumer lending (please use your bank's own categorization for credit quality segments):

a. Credit card loans or lines of credit to prime borrowers

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	3.1
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	11	18.3	5	17.9	6	18.8
Near the midpoint	35	58.3	14	50.0	21	65.6
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	12	20.0	8	28.6	4	12.5
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	1	1.7	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	60	100	28	100	32	100

b. Credit card loans or lines of credit to subprime borrowers

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	6	13.0	2	10.5	4	14.8
Near the midpoint	20	43.5	8	42.1	12	44.4
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	11	23.9	4	21.1	7	25.9
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	4	8.7	2	10.5	2	7.4
Near the tightest level	5	10.9	3	15.8	2	7.4
Total	46	100	19	100	27	100

c. Auto loans to prime borrowers

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.9
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	11	19.3	3	13.6	8	22.9
Near the midpoint	35	61.4	14	63.6	21	60.0
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	10	17.5	5	22.7	5	14.3
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	22	100	35	100

d. Auto loans to subprime borrowers

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	3	6.7	1	7.1	2	6.5
Near the midpoint	21	46.7	5	35.7	16	51.6
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	10	22.2	3	21.4	7	22.6
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	6	13.3	2	14.3	4	12.9
Near the tightest level	5	11.1	3	21.4	2	6.5
Total	45	100	14	100	31	100

e. Consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.8
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	7	10.9	1	3.6	6	16.7
Near the midpoint	41	64.1	18	64.3	23	63.9
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	13	20.3	7	25.0	6	16.7
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	1	1.6	1	3.6	0	0.0
Total	64	100	28	100	36	100

Questions 28 and 29 ask you to report the interval in which standards at your bank reached their tightest and easiest level between 2005 and the present.
28. For each of the loan categories listed below, please select the range in which standards at your bank reached their tightest (most restrictive or least accommodative) level.

A. C&I loans or credit lines:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
2005-2007	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2008-2010	54	79.4	27	84.4	27	75.0
2011-2015	11	16.2	3	9.4	8	22.2
2016-2019	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.8
2020-present	2	2.9	2	6.2	0	0.0
Total	68	100	32	100	36	100

B. Commercial real estate loans:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
2005-2007	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2008-2010	54	80.6	26	83.9	28	77.8
2011-2015	9	13.4	3	9.7	6	16.7
2016-2019	3	4.5	1	3.2	2	5.6
2020-present	1	1.5	1	3.2	0	0.0
Total	67	100	31	100	36	100

C. Residential real estate loans:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
2005-2007	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2008-2010	48	72.7	21	70.0	27	75.0
2011-2015	15	22.7	8	26.7	7	19.4
2016-2019	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.8
2020-present	2	3.0	1	3.3	1	2.8
Total	66	100	30	100	36	100

D. Consumer loans:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
2005-2007	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2008-2010	47	71.2	18	58.1	29	82.9
2011-2015	12	18.2	6	19.4	6	17.1
2016-2019	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2020-present	7	10.6	7	22.6	0	0.0
Total	66	100	31	100	35	100

29. For each of the loan categories listed below, please select the range in which standards at your bank reached their easiest (least restrictive or most accommodative) level.

A. C&I loans or credit lines:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
2005-2007	42	63.6	19	61.3	23	65.7
2008-2010	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2011-2015	4	6.1	1	3.2	3	8.6
2016-2019	15	22.7	7	22.6	8	22.9
2020-present	5	7.6	4	12.9	1	2.9
Total	66	100	31	100	35	100

B. Commercial real estate loans:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
2005-2007	47	72.3	24	80.0	23	65.7
2008-2010	1	1.5	1	3.3	0	0.0
2011-2015	3	4.6	1	3.3	2	5.7
2016-2019	13	20.0	4	13.3	9	25.7
2020-present	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.9
Total	65	100	30	100	35	100

C. Residential real estate loans:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
2005-2007	50	78.1	24	82.8	26	74.3
2008-2010	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2011-2015	2	3.1	0	0.0	2	5.7
2016-2019	12	18.8	5	17.2	7	20.0
2020-present	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	29	100	35	100

D. Consumer loans:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
2005-2007	44	67.7	22	73.3	22	62.9
2008-2010	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2011-2015	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.9
2016-2019	19	29.2	8	26.7	11	31.4
2020-present	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.9
Total	65	100	30	100	35	100

1. The sample is selected from among the largest banks in each Federal Reserve District. In the table, large banks are defined as those with total domestic assets of $50 billion or more as of March 31, 2021. The combined assets of the 36 large banks totaled $13.3 trillion, compared to $14.1 trillion for the entire panel of 76 banks, and $19.2 trillion for all domestically chartered, federally insured commercial banks. Return to text

Last Update: August 02, 2021

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

Table 1 PDF RSS DDP

Table 1

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States 1

(Status of Policy as of July 2021)

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States ¹