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  4. The January 2024 Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

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Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States 1

(Status of Policy as of January 2024)

Questions 1-6 ask about commercial and industrial (C&I) loans at your bank. Questions 1-3 deal with changes in your bank's lending policies over the past three months. Questions 4-5 deal with changes in demand for C&I loans over the past three months. Question 6 asks about changes in prospective demand for C&I loans at your bank, as indicated by the volume of recent inquiries about the availability of new credit lines or increases in existing lines. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

1. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines - other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions - to large and middle-market firms and to small firms changed? (If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested below, please use your definitions and indicate what they are.)

A. Standards for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.5
Tightened somewhat 8 12.9 0 0.0 8 20.0
Remained basically unchanged 53 85.5 22 100.0 31 77.5
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 22 100 40 100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms."

B. Standards for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.5
Tightened somewhat 10 16.9 2 10.5 8 20.0
Remained basically unchanged 48 81.4 17 89.5 31 77.5
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 19 100 40 100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to small firms."

2. For applications for C&I loans or credit lines-other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions-from large and middle-market firms and from small firms that your bank currently is willing to approve, how have the terms of those loans changed over the past three months?

A. Terms for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.2 0 0.0 2 5.0
Tightened somewhat 9 14.5 1 4.5 8 20.0
Remained basically unchanged 50 80.6 20 90.9 30 75.0
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 1 4.5 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 22 100 40 100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Tightened somewhat 2 3.3 0 0.0 2 5.3
Remained basically unchanged 56 93.3 21 95.5 35 92.1
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 1 4.5 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

c. Costs of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.5
Tightened somewhat 13 21.0 2 9.1 11 27.5
Remained basically unchanged 48 77.4 20 90.9 28 70.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 22 100 40 100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened,narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 22 35.5 7 31.8 15 37.5
Remained basically unchanged 37 59.7 13 59.1 24 60.0
Eased somewhat 3 4.8 2 9.1 1 2.5
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 22 100 40 100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 4 6.5 0 0.0 4 10.0
Tightened somewhat 19 30.6 7 31.8 12 30.0
Remained basically unchanged 38 61.3 14 63.6 24 60.0
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 1 4.5 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 22 100 40 100

f. Loan covenants

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.6 1 4.5 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 11 17.7 1 4.5 10 25.0
Remained basically unchanged 50 80.6 20 90.9 30 75.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 22 100 40 100

g. Collateralization requirements

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 13 21.3 3 13.6 10 25.6
Remained basically unchanged 48 78.7 19 86.4 29 74.4
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 61 100 22 100 39 100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 3 4.8 0 0.0 3 7.5
Tightened somewhat 9 14.5 1 4.5 8 20.0
Remained basically unchanged 49 79.0 20 90.9 29 72.5
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 1 4.5 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 22 100 40 100

B. Terms for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 9 15.5 1 5.6 8 20.0
Remained basically unchanged 49 84.5 17 94.4 32 80.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 18 100 40 100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 7 12.1 2 11.1 5 12.5
Remained basically unchanged 51 87.9 16 88.9 35 87.5
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 18 100 40 100

c. Costs of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.5
Tightened somewhat 13 22.4 2 11.1 11 27.5
Remained basically unchanged 44 75.9 16 88.9 28 70.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 18 100 40 100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened,narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 21 36.2 6 33.3 15 37.5
Remained basically unchanged 36 62.1 12 66.7 24 60.0
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.5
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 18 100 40 100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.4 0 0.0 2 5.0
Tightened somewhat 18 31.0 6 33.3 12 30.0
Remained basically unchanged 38 65.5 12 66.7 26 65.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 18 100 40 100

f. Loan covenants

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.8 0 0.0 1 2.6
Tightened somewhat 11 19.3 2 11.1 9 23.1
Remained basically unchanged 45 78.9 16 88.9 29 74.4
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 57 100 18 100 39 100

g. Collateralization requirements

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 12 22.6 1 5.6 11 31.4
Remained basically unchanged 41 77.4 17 94.4 24 68.6
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 53 100 18 100 35 100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.6 0 0.0 2 5.3
Tightened somewhat 7 12.7 0 0.0 7 18.4
Remained basically unchanged 46 83.6 17 100.0 29 76.3
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 17 100 38 100

3. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit standards or its terms for C&I loans or credit lines over the past three months (as described in questions 1 and 2), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit standards or loan terms:

a. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected capital position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 18 64.3 6 66.7 12 63.2
Somewhat Important 8 28.6 3 33.3 5 26.3
Very Important 2 7.1 0 0.0 2 10.5
Total 28 100 9 100 19 100

b. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 6 21.4 2 22.2 4 21.1
Somewhat Important 14 50.0 5 55.6 9 47.4
Very Important 8 28.6 2 22.2 6 31.6
Total 28 100 9 100 19 100

c. Worsening of industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 15 55.6 6 66.7 9 50.0
Somewhat Important 9 33.3 1 11.1 8 44.4
Very Important 3 11.1 2 22.2 1 5.6
Total 27 100 9 100 18 100

d. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 11 39.3 3 33.3 8 42.1
Somewhat Important 17 60.7 6 66.7 11 57.9
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 28 100 9 100 19 100

e. Reduced tolerance for risk

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 9 32.1 2 22.2 7 36.8
Somewhat Important 16 57.1 6 66.7 10 52.6
Very Important 3 10.7 1 11.1 2 10.5
Total 28 100 9 100 19 100

f. Decreased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 16 57.1 6 66.7 10 52.6
Somewhat Important 11 39.3 3 33.3 8 42.1
Very Important 1 3.6 0 0.0 1 5.3
Total 28 100 9 100 19 100

g. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 14 50.0 8 88.9 6 31.6
Somewhat Important 10 35.7 1 11.1 9 47.4
Very Important 4 14.3 0 0.0 4 21.1
Total 28 100 9 100 19 100

h. Increased concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 16 57.1 4 44.4 12 63.2
Somewhat Important 10 35.7 4 44.4 6 31.6
Very Important 2 7.1 1 11.1 1 5.3
Total 28 100 9 100 19 100

B. Possible reasons for easing credit standards or loan terms:

a. Improvement in your bank's current or expected capital position

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

b. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

c. Improvement in industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

d. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

e. Increased tolerance for risk

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

f. Increased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

g. Improvement in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

h. Reduced concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

4. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for C&I loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

A. Demand for C&I loans from large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 5 8.3 1 4.5 4 10.5
About the same 35 58.3 14 63.6 21 55.3
Moderately weaker 19 31.7 7 31.8 12 31.6
Substantially weaker 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

B. Demand for C&I loans from small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 5 8.6 1 5.3 4 10.3
About the same 35 60.3 13 68.4 22 56.4
Moderately weaker 17 29.3 5 26.3 12 30.8
Substantially weaker 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Total 58 100 19 100 39 100

5. If demand for C&I loans has strengthened or weakened over the past three months (as described in question 4), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. If stronger loan demand (answer 1 or 2 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 4 66.7 1 100.0 3 60.0
Somewhat Important 2 33.3 0 0.0 2 40.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 6 100 1 100 5 100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 1 16.7 0 0.0 1 20.0
Somewhat Important 5 83.3 1 100.0 4 80.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 6 100 1 100 5 100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 3 50.0 1 100.0 2 40.0
Somewhat Important 3 50.0 0 0.0 3 60.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 6 100 1 100 5 100

d. Customer internally generated funds decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 1 16.7 0 0.0 1 20.0
Somewhat Important 4 66.7 1 100.0 3 60.0
Very Important 1 16.7 0 0.0 1 20.0
Total 6 100 1 100 5 100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 4 66.7 1 100.0 3 60.0
Somewhat Important 1 16.7 0 0.0 1 20.0
Very Important 1 16.7 0 0.0 1 20.0
Total 6 100 1 100 5 100

f. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became less attractive

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 3 50.0 1 100.0 2 40.0
Somewhat Important 3 50.0 0 0.0 3 60.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 6 100 1 100 5 100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 3 50.0 1 100.0 2 40.0
Somewhat Important 2 33.3 0 0.0 2 40.0
Very Important 1 16.7 0 0.0 1 20.0
Total 6 100 1 100 5 100

B. If weaker loan demand (answer 4 or 5 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 4 20.0 1 16.7 3 21.4
Somewhat Important 16 80.0 5 83.3 11 78.6
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 20 100 6 100 14 100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 5 25.0 2 33.3 3 21.4
Somewhat Important 15 75.0 4 66.7 11 78.6
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 20 100 6 100 14 100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 1 5.0 0 0.0 1 7.1
Somewhat Important 13 65.0 4 66.7 9 64.3
Very Important 6 30.0 2 33.3 4 28.6
Total 20 100 6 100 14 100

d. Customer internally generated funds increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 15 75.0 4 66.7 11 78.6
Somewhat Important 5 25.0 2 33.3 3 21.4
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 20 100 6 100 14 100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 9 45.0 2 33.3 7 50.0
Somewhat Important 7 35.0 2 33.3 5 35.7
Very Important 4 20.0 2 33.3 2 14.3
Total 20 100 6 100 14 100

f. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became more attractive

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 12 60.0 3 50.0 9 64.3
Somewhat Important 8 40.0 3 50.0 5 35.7
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 20 100 6 100 14 100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 16 80.0 5 83.3 11 78.6
Somewhat Important 3 15.0 0 0.0 3 21.4
Very Important 1 5.0 1 16.7 0 0.0
Total 20 100 6 100 14 100

6. At your bank, apart from seasonal variation, how has the number of inquiries from potential business borrowers regarding the availability and terms of new credit lines or increases in existing lines changed over the past three months? (Please consider only inquiries for additional or increased C&I lines as opposed to the refinancing of existing loans.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
The number of inquiries has increased substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
The number of inquiries has increased moderately 4 6.8 2 9.1 2 5.4
The number of inquiries has stayed about the same 34 57.6 12 54.5 22 59.5
The number of inquiries has decreased moderately 19 32.2 6 27.3 13 35.1
The number of inquiries has decreased substantially 2 3.4 2 9.1 0 0.0
Total 59 100 22 100 37 100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I lines of credit."

Questions 7-12 ask about changes in standards and demand over the past three months for three different types of commercial real estate (CRE) loans at your bank: construction and land development loans, loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties, and loans secured by multifamily residential properties. Please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

7. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for construction and land development loans or credit lines changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 8 13.8 1 5.0 7 18.4
Tightened somewhat 16 27.6 4 20.0 12 31.6
Remained basically unchanged 33 56.9 15 75.0 18 47.4
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 20 100 38 100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans or credit lines."

8. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 4 6.8 1 4.8 3 7.9
Tightened somewhat 21 35.6 6 28.6 15 39.5
Remained basically unchanged 34 57.6 14 66.7 20 52.6
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties."

9. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 6 10.2 1 4.8 5 13.2
Tightened somewhat 20 33.9 4 19.0 16 42.1
Remained basically unchanged 31 52.5 16 76.2 15 39.5
Eased somewhat 2 3.4 0 0.0 2 5.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by multifamily residential properties."

10. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for construction and land development loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Moderately stronger 4 6.9 1 5.0 3 7.9
About the same 21 36.2 9 45.0 12 31.6
Moderately weaker 28 48.3 8 40.0 20 52.6
Substantially weaker 4 6.9 2 10.0 2 5.3
Total 58 100 20 100 38 100

11. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Moderately stronger 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
About the same 24 40.7 10 47.6 14 36.8
Moderately weaker 30 50.8 10 47.6 20 52.6
Substantially weaker 3 5.1 1 4.8 2 5.3
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

12. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.7
Moderately stronger 3 5.2 1 4.8 2 5.4
About the same 21 36.2 8 38.1 13 35.1
Moderately weaker 28 48.3 11 52.4 17 45.9
Substantially weaker 5 8.6 1 4.8 4 10.8
Total 58 100 21 100 37 100

Note: Beginning with the January 2015 survey, the loan categories referred to in the questions regarding changes in credit standards and demand for residential mortgage loans have been revised to reflect the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's qualified mortgage rules.

Questions 13-14 ask about seven categories of residential mortgage loans at your bank: Government-Sponsored Enterprise eligible (GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, government residential mortgages, Qualified Mortgage non-jumbo non-GSE-eligible (QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages, and subprime residential mortgages. For the purposes of this survey, please use the following definitions of these loan categories and include first-lien closed-end loans to purchase homes only. The loan categories have been defined so that every first-lien closed-end residential mortgage loan used for home purchase fits into one of the following seven categories:
  • The GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that meet the underwriting guidelines, including loan limit amounts, of the GSEs - Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
  • The government category of residential mortgages includes loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration, guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, or originated under government programs, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture home loan programs.
  • The QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amounts set by the GSEs but otherwise do not meet the GSE underwriting guidelines.
  • The QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage but have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
  • The non-QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
  • The non-QM non-jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.(Please exclude loans classified by your bank as subprime in this category.)
  • The subprime category of residential mortgages includes loans classified by your bank as subprime. This category typically includes loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories that include payment delinquencies, charge-offs, judgements, and/or bankruptcies; reduced repayment capacity as measured by credit scores or debt-to-income ratios; or incomplete credit histories.
 
Question 13 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if the standards are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

Question 14 deals with changes in demand for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months.

 

13. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications from individuals for mortgage loans to purchase homes changed? (Please consider only new originations as opposed to the refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 3 5.6 0 0.0 3 8.1
Remained basically unchanged 49 90.7 15 88.2 34 91.9
Eased somewhat 2 3.7 2 11.8 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 54 100 17 100 37 100

For this question, 7 respondents answered "My bank does not originate GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

B. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 3.8 0 0.0 2 5.6
Remained basically unchanged 49 94.2 15 93.8 34 94.4
Eased somewhat 1 1.9 1 6.2 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 52 100 16 100 36 100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate government residential mortgages."

C. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.9 0 0.0 1 2.9
Tightened somewhat 5 9.6 0 0.0 5 14.3
Remained basically unchanged 46 88.5 17 100.0 29 82.9
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 52 100 17 100 35 100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

D. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.9 0 0.0 1 2.9
Tightened somewhat 7 13.5 1 5.6 6 17.6
Remained basically unchanged 44 84.6 17 94.4 27 79.4
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 52 100 18 100 34 100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM jumbo residential mortgages."

E. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 4.2 0 0.0 2 6.5
Tightened somewhat 5 10.4 1 5.9 4 12.9
Remained basically unchanged 41 85.4 16 94.1 25 80.6
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 48 100 17 100 31 100

For this question, 13 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM jumbo residential mortgages."

F. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 2.1 0 0.0 1 3.0
Tightened somewhat 5 10.4 0 0.0 5 15.2
Remained basically unchanged 42 87.5 15 100.0 27 81.8
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 48 100 15 100 33 100

For this question, 13 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages."

G. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 9.1 0 0.0 1 9.1
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 10 90.9 0 0.0 10 90.9
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 11 100 0 0 11 100

For this question, 49 respondents answered "My bank does not originate subprime residential mortgages."

14. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for mortgages to purchase homes changed over the past three months? (Please consider only applications for new originations as opposed to applications for refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 2 3.8 0 0.0 2 5.6
About the same 22 41.5 8 47.1 14 38.9
Moderately weaker 22 41.5 8 47.1 14 38.9
Substantially weaker 7 13.2 1 5.9 6 16.7
Total 53 100 17 100 36 100

B. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 1 1.9 1 6.2 0 0.0
About the same 27 51.9 9 56.2 18 50.0
Moderately weaker 17 32.7 4 25.0 13 36.1
Substantially weaker 7 13.5 2 12.5 5 13.9
Total 52 100 16 100 36 100

C. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 1 1.9 0 0.0 1 2.9
About the same 23 44.2 9 50.0 14 41.2
Moderately weaker 25 48.1 9 50.0 16 47.1
Substantially weaker 3 5.8 0 0.0 3 8.8
Total 52 100 18 100 34 100

D. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 2 3.9 0 0.0 2 6.1
About the same 23 45.1 9 50.0 14 42.4
Moderately weaker 21 41.2 8 44.4 13 39.4
Substantially weaker 5 9.8 1 5.6 4 12.1
Total 51 100 18 100 33 100

E. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 1 2.1 0 0.0 1 3.2
About the same 20 41.7 8 47.1 12 38.7
Moderately weaker 21 43.8 7 41.2 14 45.2
Substantially weaker 6 12.5 2 11.8 4 12.9
Total 48 100 17 100 31 100

F. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
About the same 22 46.8 8 53.3 14 43.8
Moderately weaker 23 48.9 7 46.7 16 50.0
Substantially weaker 2 4.3 0 0.0 2 6.2
Total 47 100 15 100 32 100

G. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
About the same 7 58.3 0 0.0 7 58.3
Moderately weaker 4 33.3 0 0.0 4 33.3
Substantially weaker 1 8.3 0 0.0 1 8.3
Total 12 100 0 0 12 100

Questions 15-16 ask about revolving home equity lines of credit at your bank. Question 15 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards over the past three months. Question 16 deals with changes in demand. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if they are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

15. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for revolving home equity lines of credit changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 7 13.7 1 6.7 6 16.7
Remained basically unchanged 44 86.3 14 93.3 30 83.3
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 15 100 36 100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate revolving home equity lines of credit."

16. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for revolving home equity lines of credit changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 3 5.9 0 0.0 3 8.3
About the same 35 68.6 13 86.7 22 61.1
Moderately weaker 12 23.5 2 13.3 10 27.8
Substantially weaker 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 2.8
Total 51 100 15 100 36 100

Questions 17-26 ask about consumer lending at your bank. Question 17 deals with changes in your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans over the past three months. Questions 18-23 deal with changes in credit standards and loan terms over the same period. Questions 24-26 deal with changes in demand for consumer loans over the past three months. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

17. Please indicate your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans now as opposed to three months ago. (This question covers the range of consumer installment loans defined as consumer loans with a set number of scheduled payments, such as auto loans, student loans, and personal loans. It does not cover credit cards and other types of revolving credit, nor mortgages, which are included under the residential real estate questions.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Much more willing 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Somewhat more willing 2 3.6 1 5.3 1 2.7
About unchanged 42 75.0 12 63.2 30 81.1
Somewhat less willing 12 21.4 6 31.6 6 16.2
Much less willing 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 56 100 19 100 37 100

For this question, 7 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer installment loans."

18. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for credit cards from individuals or households changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 12 25.0 8 40.0 4 14.3
Remained basically unchanged 35 72.9 11 55.0 24 85.7
Eased somewhat 1 2.1 1 5.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 48 100 20 100 28 100

For this question, 14 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans to individuals or households."

19. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for auto loans to individuals or households changed? (Please include loans arising from retail sales of passenger cars and other vehicles such as minivans, vans, sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, and similar light trucks for personal use, whether new or used. Please exclude loans to finance fleet sales, personal cash loans secured by automobiles already paid for, loans to finance the purchase of commercial vehicles and farm equipment, and lease financing.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 5 10.4 3 21.4 2 5.9
Remained basically unchanged 41 85.4 9 64.3 32 94.1
Eased somewhat 2 4.2 2 14.3 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 48 100 14 100 34 100

For this question, 15 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans to individuals or households."

20. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.9 1 6.2 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 11 20.8 7 43.8 4 10.8
Remained basically unchanged 41 77.4 8 50.0 33 89.2
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 53 100 16 100 37 100

For this question, 10 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer loans other than credit card or auto loans."

21. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on new or existing credit card accounts for individuals or households?

 

a. Credit limits

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 9 19.1 4 20.0 5 18.5
Remained basically unchanged 38 80.9 16 80.0 22 81.5
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 47 100 20 100 27 100

b. Spreads of interest rates charged on outstanding balances over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 12.8 3 15.0 3 11.1
Remained basically unchanged 41 87.2 17 85.0 24 88.9
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 47 100 20 100 27 100

c. Minimum percent of outstanding balances required to be repaid each month

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 2.1 0 0.0 1 3.7
Remained basically unchanged 46 97.9 20 100.0 26 96.3
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 47 100 20 100 27 100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 8 17.0 4 20.0 4 14.8
Remained basically unchanged 38 80.9 15 75.0 23 85.2
Eased somewhat 1 2.1 1 5.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 47 100 20 100 27 100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 5 10.6 1 5.0 4 14.8
Remained basically unchanged 42 89.4 19 95.0 23 85.2
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 47 100 20 100 27 100

22. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on loans to individuals or households to purchase autos?

 

a. Maximum maturity

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 2.2 0 0.0 1 3.1
Remained basically unchanged 44 95.7 13 92.9 31 96.9
Eased somewhat 1 2.2 1 7.1 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 46 100 14 100 32 100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 14 30.4 4 28.6 10 31.2
Remained basically unchanged 30 65.2 8 57.1 22 68.8
Eased somewhat 2 4.3 2 14.3 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 46 100 14 100 32 100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 4 8.7 1 7.1 3 9.4
Remained basically unchanged 42 91.3 13 92.9 29 90.6
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 46 100 14 100 32 100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 4.3 1 7.1 1 3.1
Remained basically unchanged 43 93.5 12 85.7 31 96.9
Eased somewhat 1 2.2 1 7.1 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 46 100 14 100 32 100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 4 8.7 0 0.0 4 12.5
Remained basically unchanged 42 91.3 14 100.0 28 87.5
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 46 100 14 100 32 100

23. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans?

 

a. Maximum maturity

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 2.9
Remained basically unchanged 48 94.1 15 93.8 33 94.3
Eased somewhat 2 3.9 1 6.2 1 2.9
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 16 100 35 100

b.Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 2.9
Tightened somewhat 9 17.6 1 6.2 8 22.9
Remained basically unchanged 41 80.4 15 93.8 26 74.3
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 16 100 35 100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 3 5.9 0 0.0 3 8.6
Remained basically unchanged 48 94.1 16 100.0 32 91.4
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 16 100 35 100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 2.0 1 6.2 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 8 15.7 3 18.8 5 14.3
Remained basically unchanged 42 82.4 12 75.0 30 85.7
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 16 100 35 100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 8 15.7 2 12.5 6 17.1
Remained basically unchanged 43 84.3 14 87.5 29 82.9
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 16 100 35 100

24. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for credit card loans changed over the past three months?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 3 6.4 2 10.0 1 3.7
About the same 38 80.9 16 80.0 22 81.5
Moderately weaker 5 10.6 2 10.0 3 11.1
Substantially weaker 1 2.1 0 0.0 1 3.7
Total 47 100 20 100 27 100

25. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for auto loans changed over the past three months?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 2 4.2 0 0.0 2 5.9
About the same 36 75.0 11 78.6 25 73.5
Moderately weaker 10 20.8 3 21.4 7 20.6
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 48 100 14 100 34 100

26. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed over the past three months?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 3 5.7 1 6.2 2 5.4
About the same 42 79.2 13 81.2 29 78.4
Moderately weaker 8 15.1 2 12.5 6 16.2
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 53 100 16 100 37 100

Questions 27-30 ask how your bank expects its lending standards for select categories of C&I, commercial real estate, residential real estate, and consumer loans to change over 2024. Question 31 asks about the reasons why your bank expects lending standards to change.

27. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect its lending standards for the following C&I loan categories to change over 2024 compared to its current standards, apart from normal seasonal variation? (Please refer to the definitions of large and middle-market firms suggested in question 1. If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested in question 1, please use your definitions.)

A. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2024, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tighten considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tighten somewhat 6 10.0 1 4.5 5 13.2
Remain basically unchanged 50 83.3 20 90.9 30 78.9
Ease somewhat 4 6.7 1 4.5 3 7.9
Ease considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms"

B. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2024, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines to small firms to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tighten considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tighten somewhat 5 8.9 1 5.3 4 10.8
Remain basically unchanged 47 83.9 17 89.5 30 81.1
Ease somewhat 4 7.1 1 5.3 3 8.1
Ease considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 56 100 19 100 37 100

For this question, 4 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to small firms"

28. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect its lending standards for the following commercial real estate loan categories to change over 2024 compared to its current standards, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2024, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for construction and land development loans or credit lines to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tighten considerably 2 3.4 1 5.0 1 2.6
Tighten somewhat 14 24.1 3 15.0 11 28.9
Remain basically unchanged 38 65.5 16 80.0 22 57.9
Ease somewhat 4 6.9 0 0.0 4 10.5
Ease considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 20 100 38 100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans or credit lines"

B. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2024, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tighten considerably 2 3.3 1 4.8 1 2.6
Tighten somewhat 13 21.7 4 19.0 9 23.1
Remain basically unchanged 42 70.0 16 76.2 26 66.7
Ease somewhat 3 5.0 0 0.0 3 7.7
Ease considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 21 100 39 100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties"

C. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2024, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for loans secured by multifamily residential properties to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tighten considerably 3 5.1 1 4.8 2 5.3
Tighten somewhat 11 18.6 2 9.5 9 23.7
Remain basically unchanged 42 71.2 18 85.7 24 63.2
Ease somewhat 3 5.1 0 0.0 3 7.9
Ease considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by multifamily residential properties"

29. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect its lending standards for the following residential real estate loan categories to change over 2024 compared to its current standards, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2024, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for GSE-eligible residential mortgage loans to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tighten considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tighten somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remain basically unchanged 54 100.0 17 100.0 37 100.0
Ease somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Ease considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 54 100 17 100 37 100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate GSE-eligible residential mortgage loans"

B. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2024, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for nonconforming jumbo residential mortgage loans to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tighten considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tighten somewhat 2 3.6 0 0.0 2 5.4
Remain basically unchanged 51 92.7 17 94.4 34 91.9
Ease somewhat 2 3.6 1 5.6 1 2.7
Ease considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 18 100 37 100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate nonconforming jumbo residential mortgage loans"

30. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect its lending standards for the following consumer loan categories to change over 2024 compared to its current standards, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2024, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for credit card loans to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tighten considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tighten somewhat 12 23.5 8 40.0 4 12.9
Remain basically unchanged 39 76.5 12 60.0 27 87.1
Ease somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Ease considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 20 100 31 100

For this question, 11 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans"

B. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2024, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for auto loans to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tighten considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tighten somewhat 5 10.4 1 7.1 4 11.8
Remain basically unchanged 41 85.4 11 78.6 30 88.2
Ease somewhat 2 4.2 2 14.3 0 0.0
Ease considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 48 100 14 100 34 100

For this question, 14 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans"

31. If your bank expects to tighten or ease its lending standards for any of the loan categories reported in questions 27-30, how important are the following possible reasons for the expected change in standards? (Please respond to either A, B or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for expecting to tighten lending standards:

a. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 14.3 1 9.1 3 17.6
Somewhat important 11 39.3 3 27.3 8 47.1
Very important 13 46.4 7 63.6 6 35.3
Total 28 100 11 100 17 100

b. Expected deterioration in, or desire to improve, your bank's capital position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 15 53.6 5 45.5 10 58.8
Somewhat important 9 32.1 4 36.4 5 29.4
Very important 4 14.3 2 18.2 2 11.8
Total 28 100 11 100 17 100

c. Expected deterioration in, or desire to improve, your bank's liquidity position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 13 46.4 8 72.7 5 29.4
Somewhat important 12 42.9 3 27.3 9 52.9
Very important 3 10.7 0 0.0 3 17.6
Total 28 100 11 100 17 100

d. Expected deterioration in customers' collateral values

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 3 10.7 2 18.2 1 5.9
Somewhat important 18 64.3 5 45.5 13 76.5
Very important 7 25.0 4 36.4 3 17.6
Total 28 100 11 100 17 100

e. Expected reduction in competition from other banks or nonbank lenders

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 17 60.7 7 63.6 10 58.8
Somewhat important 11 39.3 4 36.4 7 41.2
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 28 100 11 100 17 100

f. Expected reduction in risk tolerance

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 7 24.1 1 8.3 6 35.3
Somewhat important 18 62.1 8 66.7 10 58.8
Very important 4 13.8 3 25.0 1 5.9
Total 29 100 12 100 17 100

g. Expected reduction in ease of selling loans in the secondary market

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 19 70.4 8 80.0 11 64.7
Somewhat important 7 25.9 1 10.0 6 35.3
Very important 1 3.7 1 10.0 0 0.0
Total 27 100 10 100 17 100

h. Expected deterioration in credit quality of commercial real estate loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 14.8 3 30.0 1 5.9
Somewhat important 11 40.7 2 20.0 9 52.9
Very important 12 44.4 5 50.0 7 41.2
Total 27 100 10 100 17 100

i. Expected deterioration in credit quality of loans other than commercial real estate loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 9 32.1 4 36.4 5 29.4
Somewhat important 12 42.9 4 36.4 8 47.1
Very important 7 25.0 3 27.3 4 23.5
Total 28 100 11 100 17 100

j. Increased concerns about deposit outflows at your bank

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 16 57.1 9 81.8 7 41.2
Somewhat important 8 28.6 1 9.1 7 41.2
Very important 4 14.3 1 9.1 3 17.6
Total 28 100 11 100 17 100

k. Increased concerns about declines in the market value of your bank's fixed-income assets

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 21 77.8 8 80.0 13 76.5
Somewhat important 6 22.2 2 20.0 4 23.5
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 27 100 10 100 17 100

l. Increased concerns about your bank's funding costs

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 13 48.1 7 70.0 6 35.3
Somewhat important 11 40.7 2 20.0 9 52.9
Very important 3 11.1 1 10.0 2 11.8
Total 27 100 10 100 17 100

m. Increased concerns about the adverse effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 14 50.0 4 36.4 10 58.8
Somewhat important 13 46.4 6 54.5 7 41.2
Very important 1 3.6 1 9.1 0 0.0
Total 28 100 11 100 17 100

B. Possible reasons for expecting to ease lending standards:

a. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 1 14.3 0 0.0 1 20.0
Somewhat important 2 28.6 0 0.0 2 40.0
Very important 4 57.1 2 100.0 2 40.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

b. Expected improvement in your bank's capital position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 3 42.9 1 50.0 2 40.0
Somewhat important 3 42.9 1 50.0 2 40.0
Very important 1 14.3 0 0.0 1 20.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

c. Expected improvement in your bank's liquidity position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 57.1 2 100.0 2 40.0
Somewhat important 2 28.6 0 0.0 2 40.0
Very important 1 14.3 0 0.0 1 20.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

d. Expected improvement in customers' collateral values

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 2 28.6 1 50.0 1 20.0
Somewhat important 4 57.1 0 0.0 4 80.0
Very important 1 14.3 1 50.0 0 0.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

e. Expected increase in competition from other banks or nonbank lenders

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 57.1 2 100.0 2 40.0
Somewhat important 2 28.6 0 0.0 2 40.0
Very important 1 14.3 0 0.0 1 20.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

f. Expected increase in risk tolerance

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 5 71.4 2 100.0 3 60.0
Somewhat important 2 28.6 0 0.0 2 40.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

g. Expected increase in ease of selling loans in the secondary market

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 57.1 2 100.0 2 40.0
Somewhat important 3 42.9 0 0.0 3 60.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

h. Expected improvement in credit quality of commercial real estate loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 2 28.6 1 50.0 1 20.0
Somewhat important 4 57.1 1 50.0 3 60.0
Very important 1 14.3 0 0.0 1 20.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

i. Expected improvement in credit quality of loans other than commercial real estate loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 2 28.6 1 50.0 1 20.0
Somewhat important 3 42.9 0 0.0 3 60.0
Very important 2 28.6 1 50.0 1 20.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

j. Reduced concerns about deposit outflows at your bank

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 57.1 2 100.0 2 40.0
Somewhat important 2 28.6 0 0.0 2 40.0
Very important 1 14.3 0 0.0 1 20.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

k. Reduced concerns about declines in the market value of your bank's fixed-income assets

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 5 71.4 2 100.0 3 60.0
Somewhat important 2 28.6 0 0.0 2 40.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

l. Reduced concerns about your bank's funding costs

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 57.1 2 100.0 2 40.0
Somewhat important 1 14.3 0 0.0 1 20.0
Very important 2 28.6 0 0.0 2 40.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

m. Reduced concerns about the adverse effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 5 71.4 2 100.0 3 60.0
Somewhat important 2 28.6 0 0.0 2 40.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 7 100 2 100 5 100

Questions 32-35 ask how your bank expects demand for select categories of C&I, commercial real estate, residential real estate, and consumer loans from your bank to change over 2024. Question 36 asks about the reasons why your bank expects demand from your bank to change.

32. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect demand for the following categories of C&I loans from your bank to change over 2024 compared to its current level, apart from normal seasonal variation? (Please refer to the definitions of large and middle-market firms suggested in question 1. If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested in question 1, please use your definitions.)

A. Compared to its current level, over 2024, my bank expects demand for C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms from my bank to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Strengthen substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Strengthen somewhat 29 49.2 14 63.6 15 40.5
Remain basically unchanged 22 37.3 7 31.8 15 40.5
Weaken somewhat 8 13.6 1 4.5 7 18.9
Weaken substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 22 100 37 100

B. Compared to its current level, over 2024, my bank expects demand for C&I loans or credit lines to small firms from my bank to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Strengthen substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Strengthen somewhat 22 40.0 9 47.4 13 36.1
Remain basically unchanged 24 43.6 9 47.4 15 41.7
Weaken somewhat 9 16.4 1 5.3 8 22.2
Weaken substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 19 100 36 100

33. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect demand for the following categories of commercial real estate loans from your bank to change over 2024 compared to its current level, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to its current level, over 2024, my bank expects demand for construction and land development loans or credit lines from my bank to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Strengthen substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Strengthen somewhat 14 25.0 7 35.0 7 19.4
Remain basically unchanged 31 55.4 11 55.0 20 55.6
Weaken somewhat 10 17.9 2 10.0 8 22.2
Weaken substantially 1 1.8 0 0.0 1 2.8
Total 56 100 20 100 36 100

B. Compared to its current level, over 2024, my bank expects demand for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties from my bank to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Strengthen substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Strengthen somewhat 16 27.6 9 42.9 7 18.9
Remain basically unchanged 34 58.6 9 42.9 25 67.6
Weaken somewhat 8 13.8 3 14.3 5 13.5
Weaken substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 21 100 37 100

C. Compared to its current level, over 2024, my bank expects demand for loans secured by multifamily residential properties from my bank to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Strengthen substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Strengthen somewhat 16 27.6 8 38.1 8 21.6
Remain basically unchanged 30 51.7 12 57.1 18 48.6
Weaken somewhat 12 20.7 1 4.8 11 29.7
Weaken substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 21 100 37 100

34. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect demand for the following categories of residential real estate loans from your bank to change over 2024 compared to its current level, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to its current level, over 2024, my bank expects demand for GSE-eligible residential mortgage loans from my bank to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Strengthen substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Strengthen somewhat 24 45.3 12 70.6 12 33.3
Remain basically unchanged 24 45.3 5 29.4 19 52.8
Weaken somewhat 5 9.4 0 0.0 5 13.9
Weaken substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 53 100 17 100 36 100

B. Compared to its current level, over 2024, my bank expects demand for nonconforming jumbo residential mortgage loans from my bank to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Strengthen substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Strengthen somewhat 27 51.9 14 77.8 13 38.2
Remain basically unchanged 20 38.5 4 22.2 16 47.1
Weaken somewhat 5 9.6 0 0.0 5 14.7
Weaken substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 52 100 18 100 34 100

35. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect demand for the following categories of consumer loans from your bank to change over 2024 compared to its current level, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to its current level, over 2024, my bank expects demand for credit card loans from my bank to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Strengthen substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Strengthen somewhat 9 18.8 4 21.1 5 17.2
Remain basically unchanged 36 75.0 15 78.9 21 72.4
Weaken somewhat 3 6.2 0 0.0 3 10.3
Weaken substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 48 100 19 100 29 100

B. Compared to its current level, over 2024, my bank expects demand for auto loans from my bank to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Strengthen substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Strengthen somewhat 10 21.7 3 21.4 7 21.9
Remain basically unchanged 30 65.2 11 78.6 19 59.4
Weaken somewhat 6 13.0 0 0.0 6 18.8
Weaken substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 46 100 14 100 32 100

36. If your bank expects demand from your bank to change over 2024 compared to its current level and apart from normal seasonal variation for any of the loan categories reported in questions 32-35, how important are the following possible reasons for the expected change in demand? (Please respond to either A, B or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for expecting stronger loan demand:

a. Customers are expected to face higher spending or investment needs due to more favorable or less uncertain income prospects

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 20 51.3 7 38.9 13 61.9
Somewhat important 13 33.3 8 44.4 5 23.8
Very important 6 15.4 3 16.7 3 14.3
Total 39 100 18 100 21 100

b. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity is expected to increase

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 30 76.9 15 83.3 15 71.4
Somewhat important 8 20.5 3 16.7 5 23.8
Very important 1 2.6 0 0.0 1 4.8
Total 39 100 18 100 21 100

c. Interest rates are expected to decline, strengthening loan demand

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 3 7.7 1 5.6 2 9.5
Somewhat important 13 33.3 7 38.9 6 28.6
Very important 23 59.0 10 55.6 13 61.9
Total 39 100 18 100 21 100

d. More favorable terms other than interest rates are expected to increase loan demand

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 33 84.6 16 88.9 17 81.0
Somewhat important 6 15.4 2 11.1 4 19.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 39 100 18 100 21 100

e. Customer spending or investment needs are expected to increase for reasons not listed above

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 26 68.4 11 64.7 15 71.4
Somewhat important 12 31.6 6 35.3 6 28.6
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 38 100 17 100 21 100

f. Customer borrowing is expected to shift to your bank from other bank sources because these other sources become less attractive

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 25 64.1 12 66.7 13 61.9
Somewhat important 11 28.2 6 33.3 5 23.8
Very important 3 7.7 0 0.0 3 14.3
Total 39 100 18 100 21 100

g. Customer borrowing is expected to shift to your bank from other nonbank sources because these other sources become less attractive

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 28 71.8 14 77.8 14 66.7
Somewhat important 9 23.1 4 22.2 5 23.8
Very important 2 5.1 0 0.0 2 9.5
Total 39 100 18 100 21 100

B. Possible reasons for expecting weaker loan demand:

a. Customers are expected to face lower spending or investment needs due to less favorable or more uncertain income prospects

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 1 7.1 0 0.0 1 8.3
Somewhat important 12 85.7 2 100.0 10 83.3
Very important 1 7.1 0 0.0 1 8.3
Total 14 100 2 100 12 100

b. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity is expected to decrease

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 10 71.4 1 50.0 9 75.0
Somewhat important 4 28.6 1 50.0 3 25.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 14 100 2 100 12 100

c. Interest rates are expected to increase, weakening loan demand

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 9 56.2 2 66.7 7 53.8
Somewhat important 7 43.8 1 33.3 6 46.2
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 16 100 3 100 13 100

d. Less favorable terms other than interest rates are expected to reduce loan demand

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 6 37.5 0 0.0 6 46.2
Somewhat important 9 56.2 2 66.7 7 53.8
Very important 1 6.2 1 33.3 0 0.0
Total 16 100 3 100 13 100

e. Customer spending or investment needs are expected to decrease for reasons not listed above

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 7 50.0 1 50.0 6 50.0
Somewhat important 5 35.7 0 0.0 5 41.7
Very important 2 14.3 1 50.0 1 8.3
Total 14 100 2 100 12 100

f. Customer borrowing is expected to shift from your bank to other bank sources because these other sources become more attractive

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 12 85.7 2 100.0 10 83.3
Somewhat important 2 14.3 0 0.0 2 16.7
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 14 100 2 100 12 100

g. Customer borrowing is expected to shift from your bank to other nonbank sources because these other sources become more attractive

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 8 57.1 0 0.0 8 66.7
Somewhat important 6 42.9 2 100.0 4 33.3
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 14 100 2 100 12 100

Questions 37-40 ask about your bank's expectations for the behavior of loan delinquencies and charge-offs on selected categories of C&I, commercial real estate, residential real estate, and consumer loans in 2024.

37. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, what is your outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on your bank's C&I loans in the following categories in 2024? (Please refer to the definitions of large and middle-market firms and of small firms suggested in question 1. If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested in question 1, please use your definitions.)

A. The quality of my bank's syndicated nonleveraged C&I loans to large and middle-market firms over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 5 8.6 4 18.2 1 2.8
Remain around current levels 46 79.3 17 77.3 29 80.6
Deteriorate somewhat 7 12.1 1 4.5 6 16.7
Deteriorate substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 22 100 36 100

B. The quality of my bank's syndicated leveraged C&I loans to large and middle-market firms over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 5 8.9 4 19.0 1 2.9
Remain around current levels 37 66.1 13 61.9 24 68.6
Deteriorate somewhat 14 25.0 4 19.0 10 28.6
Deteriorate substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 56 100 21 100 35 100

C. The quality of my bank's nonsyndicated C&I loans to large and middle-market firms over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 5 8.5 4 18.2 1 2.7
Remain around current levels 43 72.9 16 72.7 27 73.0
Deteriorate somewhat 11 18.6 2 9.1 9 24.3
Deteriorate substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 22 100 37 100

D. The quality of my bank's C&I loans to small firms over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 2 3.5 2 10.5 0 0.0
Remain around current levels 31 54.4 9 47.4 22 57.9
Deteriorate somewhat 24 42.1 8 42.1 16 42.1
Deteriorate substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 57 100 19 100 38 100

38. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, what is your outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on your bank's commercial real estate loans in the following categories in 2024?

A. The quality of my bank's construction and land development loans over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 2 3.4 1 5.0 1 2.6
Remain around current levels 33 56.9 10 50.0 23 60.5
Deteriorate somewhat 23 39.7 9 45.0 14 36.8
Deteriorate substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 20 100 38 100

B. The quality of my bank's loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 3 5.0 1 4.8 2 5.1
Remain around current levels 30 50.0 5 23.8 25 64.1
Deteriorate somewhat 24 40.0 14 66.7 10 25.6
Deteriorate substantially 3 5.0 1 4.8 2 5.1
Total 60 100 21 100 39 100

C. The quality of my bank's loans secured by multifamily residential properties over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 2 3.4 1 4.8 1 2.6
Remain around current levels 38 64.4 11 52.4 27 71.1
Deteriorate somewhat 19 32.2 9 42.9 10 26.3
Deteriorate substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

39. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, what is your outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on your bank's residential real estate loans in the following categories in 2024?

A. The quality of my bank's GSE-eligible residential mortgage loans over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 1 1.8 1 5.9 0 0.0
Remain around current levels 42 76.4 11 64.7 31 81.6
Deteriorate somewhat 12 21.8 5 29.4 7 18.4
Deteriorate substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 17 100 38 100

B. The quality of my bank's nonconforming jumbo residential mortgage loans over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 1 1.8 1 5.6 0 0.0
Remain around current levels 43 78.2 12 66.7 31 83.8
Deteriorate somewhat 11 20.0 5 27.8 6 16.2
Deteriorate substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 18 100 37 100

40. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, what is your outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on your bank's consumer loans in the following categories in 2024?*

A. The quality of my bank's credit card loans to prime borrowers over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 1 1.8 1 5.0 0 0.0
Remain around current levels 33 60.0 5 25.0 28 80.0
Deteriorate somewhat 21 38.2 14 70.0 7 20.0
Deteriorate substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 20 100 35 100

B. The quality of my bank's credit card loans to nonprime borrowers over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remain around current levels 28 54.9 6 30.0 22 71.0
Deteriorate somewhat 23 45.1 14 70.0 9 29.0
Deteriorate substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 20 100 31 100

C. The quality of my bank's auto loans to prime borrowers over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 2 3.8 1 5.9 1 2.8
Remain around current levels 33 62.3 8 47.1 25 69.4
Deteriorate somewhat 18 34.0 8 47.1 10 27.8
Deteriorate substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 53 100 17 100 36 100

D. The quality of my bank's auto loans to nonprime borrowers over 2024, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Improve substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Improve somewhat 1 2.2 1 6.2 0 0.0
Remain around current levels 27 58.7 8 50.0 19 63.3
Deteriorate somewhat 16 34.8 7 43.8 9 30.0
Deteriorate substantially 2 4.3 0 0.0 2 6.7
Total 46 100 16 100 30 100

*Note: On February 5, 2024, the HTML version of Table 1 of the January 2024 SLOOS omitted Question 40, while the PDF version of the January 2024 SLOOS included Question 40. Question 40 has now been added to the HTML version of Table 1.

1. The sample is selected from among the largest banks in each Federal Reserve District. In the table, large banks are defined as those with total domestic assets of $100 billion or more as of September 30, 2023. The combined assets of the 23 large banks totaled $13.2 trillion, compared to $14.6 trillion for the entire panel of 64 banks, and $20.3 trillion for all domestically chartered, federally insured commercial banks. Return to text

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Last Update: February 13, 2024