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  4. The April 2024 Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

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Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States 1

(Status of Policy as of April 2024)

Questions 1-6 ask about commercial and industrial (C&I) loans at your bank. Questions 1-3 deal with changes in your bank's lending policies over the past three months. Questions 4-5 deal with changes in demand for C&I loans over the past three months. Question 6 asks about changes in prospective demand for C&I loans at your bank, as indicated by the volume of recent inquiries about the availability of new credit lines or increases in existing lines. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

1. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines - other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions - to large and middle-market firms and to small firms changed? (If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested below, please use your definitions and indicate what they are.)

A. Standards for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.1 0 0.0 2 5.0
Tightened somewhat 10 15.6 2 8.3 8 20.0
Remained basically unchanged 50 78.1 21 87.5 29 72.5
Eased somewhat 2 3.1 1 4.2 1 2.5
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 64 100 24 100 40 100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms."

B. Standards for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.5
Tightened somewhat 12 19.7 1 4.8 11 27.5
Remained basically unchanged 47 77.0 20 95.2 27 67.5
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.5
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 61 100 21 100 40 100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to small firms."

2. For applications for C&I loans or credit lines-other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions-from large and middle-market firms and from small firms that your bank currently is willing to approve, how have the terms of those loans changed over the past three months?

A. Terms for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.5
Tightened somewhat 10 15.6 0 0.0 10 25.0
Remained basically unchanged 49 76.6 22 91.7 27 67.5
Eased somewhat 4 6.2 2 8.3 2 5.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 64 100 24 100 40 100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.6
Tightened somewhat 7 11.5 1 4.5 6 15.4
Remained basically unchanged 52 85.2 21 95.5 31 79.5
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 61 100 22 100 39 100

c. Costs of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 11 17.2 1 4.2 10 25.0
Remained basically unchanged 52 81.2 22 91.7 30 75.0
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 1 4.2 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 64 100 24 100 40 100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened,narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.2 0 0.0 2 5.1
Tightened somewhat 13 20.6 2 8.3 11 28.2
Remained basically unchanged 42 66.7 19 79.2 23 59.0
Eased somewhat 6 9.5 3 12.5 3 7.7
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 63 100 24 100 39 100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.2 0 0.0 2 5.3
Tightened somewhat 10 16.1 3 12.5 7 18.4
Remained basically unchanged 49 79.0 20 83.3 29 76.3
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 1 4.2 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 24 100 38 100

f. Loan covenants

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 10 15.9 1 4.2 9 23.1
Remained basically unchanged 49 77.8 21 87.5 28 71.8
Eased somewhat 4 6.3 2 8.3 2 5.1
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 63 100 24 100 39 100

g. Collateralization requirements

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 9.7 0 0.0 6 15.4
Remained basically unchanged 54 87.1 22 95.7 32 82.1
Eased somewhat 2 3.2 1 4.3 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 23 100 39 100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.6
Tightened somewhat 7 11.3 0 0.0 7 18.4
Remained basically unchanged 53 85.5 23 95.8 30 78.9
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 1 4.2 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 24 100 38 100

B. Terms for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 8 13.1 1 4.8 7 17.5
Remained basically unchanged 52 85.2 20 95.2 32 80.0
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.5
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 61 100 21 100 40 100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Tightened somewhat 5 8.3 0 0.0 5 12.8
Remained basically unchanged 54 90.0 21 100.0 33 84.6
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 21 100 39 100

c. Costs of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 10 16.7 0 0.0 10 25.0
Remained basically unchanged 48 80.0 18 90.0 30 75.0
Eased somewhat 2 3.3 2 10.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 20 100 40 100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened,narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.3 0 0.0 2 5.1
Tightened somewhat 12 20.0 1 4.8 11 28.2
Remained basically unchanged 44 73.3 19 90.5 25 64.1
Eased somewhat 2 3.3 1 4.8 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 21 100 39 100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.3 0 0.0 2 5.1
Tightened somewhat 8 13.3 2 9.5 6 15.4
Remained basically unchanged 50 83.3 19 90.5 31 79.5
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 21 100 39 100

f. Loan covenants

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 9 14.8 1 4.8 8 20.0
Remained basically unchanged 51 83.6 20 95.2 31 77.5
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.5
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 61 100 21 100 40 100

g. Collateralization requirements

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 10.5 0 0.0 6 16.2
Remained basically unchanged 50 87.7 20 100.0 30 81.1
Eased somewhat 1 1.8 0 0.0 1 2.7
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 57 100 20 100 37 100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Tightened somewhat 4 6.8 0 0.0 4 10.5
Remained basically unchanged 54 91.5 21 100.0 33 86.8
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

3. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit standards or its terms for C&I loans or credit lines over the past three months (as described in questions 1 and 2), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit standards or loan terms:

a. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected capital position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 21 80.8 6 100.0 15 75.0
Somewhat Important 5 19.2 0 0.0 5 25.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 26 100 6 100 20 100

b. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 4 15.4 1 16.7 3 15.0
Somewhat Important 13 50.0 5 83.3 8 40.0
Very Important 9 34.6 0 0.0 9 45.0
Total 26 100 6 100 20 100

c. Worsening of industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 12 48.0 2 33.3 10 52.6
Somewhat Important 9 36.0 4 66.7 5 26.3
Very Important 4 16.0 0 0.0 4 21.1
Total 25 100 6 100 19 100

d. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 18 72.0 4 80.0 14 70.0
Somewhat Important 7 28.0 1 20.0 6 30.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 25 100 5 100 20 100

e. Reduced tolerance for risk

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 8 32.0 2 40.0 6 30.0
Somewhat Important 14 56.0 2 40.0 12 60.0
Very Important 3 12.0 1 20.0 2 10.0
Total 25 100 5 100 20 100

f. Decreased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 19 73.1 6 100.0 13 65.0
Somewhat Important 6 23.1 0 0.0 6 30.0
Very Important 1 3.8 0 0.0 1 5.0
Total 26 100 6 100 20 100

g. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 18 69.2 6 100.0 12 60.0
Somewhat Important 5 19.2 0 0.0 5 25.0
Very Important 3 11.5 0 0.0 3 15.0
Total 26 100 6 100 20 100

h. Increased concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 14 53.8 4 66.7 10 50.0
Somewhat Important 10 38.5 2 33.3 8 40.0
Very Important 2 7.7 0 0.0 2 10.0
Total 26 100 6 100 20 100

B. Possible reasons for easing credit standards or loan terms:

a. Improvement in your bank's current or expected capital position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 8 66.7 4 57.1 4 80.0
Somewhat Important 3 25.0 2 28.6 1 20.0
Very Important 1 8.3 1 14.3 0 0.0
Total 12 100 7 100 5 100

b. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 3 25.0 2 28.6 1 20.0
Somewhat Important 9 75.0 5 71.4 4 80.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 12 100 7 100 5 100

c. Improvement in industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 9 75.0 6 85.7 3 60.0
Somewhat Important 3 25.0 1 14.3 2 40.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 12 100 7 100 5 100

d. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 4 33.3 2 28.6 2 40.0
Somewhat Important 7 58.3 4 57.1 3 60.0
Very Important 1 8.3 1 14.3 0 0.0
Total 12 100 7 100 5 100

e. Increased tolerance for risk

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 12 100.0 7 100.0 5 100.0
Somewhat Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 12 100 7 100 5 100

f. Increased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 10 83.3 5 71.4 5 100.0
Somewhat Important 2 16.7 2 28.6 0 0.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 12 100 7 100 5 100

g. Improvement in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 9 75.0 6 85.7 3 60.0
Somewhat Important 2 16.7 0 0.0 2 40.0
Very Important 1 8.3 1 14.3 0 0.0
Total 12 100 7 100 5 100

h. Reduced concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 12 100.0 7 100.0 5 100.0
Somewhat Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 12 100 7 100 5 100

4. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for C&I loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

A. Demand for C&I loans from large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 6 9.4 4 16.7 2 5.0
About the same 35 54.7 16 66.7 19 47.5
Moderately weaker 22 34.4 4 16.7 18 45.0
Substantially weaker 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.5
Total 64 100 24 100 40 100

B. Demand for C&I loans from small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 5 8.2 1 4.8 4 10.0
About the same 37 60.7 16 76.2 21 52.5
Moderately weaker 18 29.5 4 19.0 14 35.0
Substantially weaker 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.5
Total 61 100 21 100 40 100

5. If demand for C&I loans has strengthened or weakened over the past three months (as described in question 4), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. If stronger loan demand (answer 1 or 2 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 4 50.0 3 75.0 1 25.0
Somewhat Important 3 37.5 1 25.0 2 50.0
Very Important 1 12.5 0 0.0 1 25.0
Total 8 100 4 100 4 100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 4 50.0 3 75.0 1 25.0
Somewhat Important 3 37.5 1 25.0 2 50.0
Very Important 1 12.5 0 0.0 1 25.0
Total 8 100 4 100 4 100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 3 37.5 1 25.0 2 50.0
Somewhat Important 5 62.5 3 75.0 2 50.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 8 100 4 100 4 100

d. Customer internally generated funds decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 4 50.0 2 50.0 2 50.0
Somewhat Important 4 50.0 2 50.0 2 50.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 8 100 4 100 4 100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 1 12.5 0 0.0 1 25.0
Somewhat Important 6 75.0 3 75.0 3 75.0
Very Important 1 12.5 1 25.0 0 0.0
Total 8 100 4 100 4 100

f. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became less attractive

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 6 75.0 3 75.0 3 75.0
Somewhat Important 1 12.5 0 0.0 1 25.0
Very Important 1 12.5 1 25.0 0 0.0
Total 8 100 4 100 4 100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 5 62.5 3 75.0 2 50.0
Somewhat Important 3 37.5 1 25.0 2 50.0
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 8 100 4 100 4 100

B. If weaker loan demand (answer 4 or 5 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 9 36.0 2 33.3 7 36.8
Somewhat Important 16 64.0 4 66.7 12 63.2
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 25 100 6 100 19 100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 13 52.0 5 83.3 8 42.1
Somewhat Important 12 48.0 1 16.7 11 57.9
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 25 100 6 100 19 100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 3 12.0 1 16.7 2 10.5
Somewhat Important 18 72.0 4 66.7 14 73.7
Very Important 4 16.0 1 16.7 3 15.8
Total 25 100 6 100 19 100

d. Customer internally generated funds increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 17 73.9 6 100.0 11 64.7
Somewhat Important 6 26.1 0 0.0 6 35.3
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 23 100 6 100 17 100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 11 45.8 2 33.3 9 50.0
Somewhat Important 12 50.0 4 66.7 8 44.4
Very Important 1 4.2 0 0.0 1 5.6
Total 24 100 6 100 18 100

f. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became more attractive

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 14 58.3 3 50.0 11 61.1
Somewhat Important 10 41.7 3 50.0 7 38.9
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 24 100 6 100 18 100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not Important 13 54.2 5 83.3 8 44.4
Somewhat Important 11 45.8 1 16.7 10 55.6
Very Important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 24 100 6 100 18 100

6. At your bank, apart from seasonal variation, how has the number of inquiries from potential business borrowers regarding the availability and terms of new credit lines or increases in existing lines changed over the past three months? (Please consider only inquiries for additional or increased C&I lines as opposed to the refinancing of existing loans.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
The number of inquiries has increased substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
The number of inquiries has increased moderately 10 15.9 2 8.7 8 20.0
The number of inquiries has stayed about the same 36 57.1 18 78.3 18 45.0
The number of inquiries has decreased moderately 17 27.0 3 13.0 14 35.0
The number of inquiries has decreased substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 63 100 23 100 40 100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I lines of credit."

Questions 7-12 ask about changes in standards and demand over the past three months for three different types of commercial real estate (CRE) loans at your bank: construction and land development loans, loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties, and loans secured by multifamily residential properties. Please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

7. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for construction and land development loans or credit lines changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 5 8.2 1 4.5 4 10.3
Tightened somewhat 11 18.0 1 4.5 10 25.6
Remained basically unchanged 44 72.1 19 86.4 25 64.1
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 1 4.5 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 61 100 22 100 39 100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans or credit lines."

8. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 4 6.5 1 4.3 3 7.7
Tightened somewhat 15 24.2 3 13.0 12 30.8
Remained basically unchanged 43 69.4 19 82.6 24 61.5
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 23 100 39 100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties."

9. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 5 8.1 1 4.3 4 10.3
Tightened somewhat 16 25.8 4 17.4 12 30.8
Remained basically unchanged 41 66.1 18 78.3 23 59.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 62 100 23 100 39 100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by multifamily residential properties."

10. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for construction and land development loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 9 15.0 3 13.6 6 15.8
About the same 32 53.3 12 54.5 20 52.6
Moderately weaker 16 26.7 7 31.8 9 23.7
Substantially weaker 3 5.0 0 0.0 3 7.9
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

11. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 4 6.5 2 8.7 2 5.1
About the same 36 58.1 13 56.5 23 59.0
Moderately weaker 20 32.3 8 34.8 12 30.8
Substantially weaker 2 3.2 0 0.0 2 5.1
Total 62 100 23 100 39 100

12. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 4 6.5 1 4.3 3 7.7
About the same 33 53.2 15 65.2 18 46.2
Moderately weaker 22 35.5 7 30.4 15 38.5
Substantially weaker 3 4.8 0 0.0 3 7.7
Total 62 100 23 100 39 100

Note: Beginning with the January 2015 survey, the loan categories referred to in the questions regarding changes in credit standards and demand for residential mortgage loans have been revised to reflect the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's qualified mortgage rules.

Questions 13-14 ask about seven categories of residential mortgage loans at your bank: Government-Sponsored Enterprise eligible (GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, government residential mortgages, Qualified Mortgage non-jumbo non-GSE-eligible (QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages, and subprime residential mortgages. For the purposes of this survey, please use the following definitions of these loan categories and include first-lien closed-end loans to purchase homes only. The loan categories have been defined so that every first-lien closed-end residential mortgage loan used for home purchase fits into one of the following seven categories:
  • The GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that meet the underwriting guidelines, including loan limit amounts, of the GSEs - Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
  • The government category of residential mortgages includes loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration, guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, or originated under government programs, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture home loan programs.
  • The QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amounts set by the GSEs but otherwise do not meet the GSE underwriting guidelines.
  • The QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage but have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
  • The non-QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
  • The non-QM non-jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.(Please exclude loans classified by your bank as subprime in this category.)
  • The subprime category of residential mortgages includes loans classified by your bank as subprime. This category typically includes loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories that include payment delinquencies, charge-offs, judgements, and/or bankruptcies; reduced repayment capacity as measured by credit scores or debt-to-income ratios; or incomplete credit histories.
 
Question 13 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if the standards are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

Question 14 deals with changes in demand for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months.

 

13. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications from individuals for mortgage loans to purchase homes changed? (Please consider only new originations as opposed to the refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 1.8 0 0.0 1 2.6
Remained basically unchanged 54 94.7 17 89.5 37 97.4
Eased somewhat 2 3.5 2 10.5 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 57 100 19 100 38 100

For this question, 7 respondents answered "My bank does not originate GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

B. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 1.9 0 0.0 1 2.6
Remained basically unchanged 52 96.3 15 93.8 37 97.4
Eased somewhat 1 1.9 1 6.2 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 54 100 16 100 38 100

For this question, 10 respondents answered "My bank does not originate government residential mortgages."

C. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 10.7 1 5.6 5 13.2
Remained basically unchanged 47 83.9 14 77.8 33 86.8
Eased somewhat 3 5.4 3 16.7 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 56 100 18 100 38 100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

D. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 10.7 1 5.0 5 13.9
Remained basically unchanged 46 82.1 17 85.0 29 80.6
Eased somewhat 4 7.1 2 10.0 2 5.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 56 100 20 100 36 100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM jumbo residential mortgages."

E. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 3.0
Tightened somewhat 7 13.7 1 5.6 6 18.2
Remained basically unchanged 40 78.4 15 83.3 25 75.8
Eased somewhat 3 5.9 2 11.1 1 3.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 18 100 33 100

For this question, 13 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM jumbo residential mortgages."

F. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 7 14.6 1 6.7 6 18.2
Remained basically unchanged 38 79.2 12 80.0 26 78.8
Eased somewhat 3 6.2 2 13.3 1 3.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 48 100 15 100 33 100

For this question, 16 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages."

G. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 6.2 0 0.0 1 6.7
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 15 93.8 1 100.0 14 93.3
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 16 100 1 100 15 100

For this question, 48 respondents answered "My bank does not originate subprime residential mortgages."

14. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for mortgages to purchase homes changed over the past three months? (Please consider only applications for new originations as opposed to applications for refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 1 1.8 1 5.3 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 10 17.5 4 21.1 6 15.8
About the same 30 52.6 10 52.6 20 52.6
Moderately weaker 13 22.8 4 21.1 9 23.7
Substantially weaker 3 5.3 0 0.0 3 7.9
Total 57 100 19 100 38 100

B. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 6 11.1 1 6.2 5 13.2
About the same 32 59.3 11 68.8 21 55.3
Moderately weaker 12 22.2 3 18.8 9 23.7
Substantially weaker 4 7.4 1 6.2 3 7.9
Total 54 100 16 100 38 100

C. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 7 12.7 3 16.7 4 10.8
About the same 31 56.4 12 66.7 19 51.4
Moderately weaker 13 23.6 2 11.1 11 29.7
Substantially weaker 4 7.3 1 5.6 3 8.1
Total 55 100 18 100 37 100

D. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 1 1.7 1 5.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 6 10.3 4 20.0 2 5.3
About the same 34 58.6 11 55.0 23 60.5
Moderately weaker 14 24.1 4 20.0 10 26.3
Substantially weaker 3 5.2 0 0.0 3 7.9
Total 58 100 20 100 38 100

E. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 4 7.8 3 16.7 1 3.0
About the same 29 56.9 12 66.7 17 51.5
Moderately weaker 15 29.4 2 11.1 13 39.4
Substantially weaker 3 5.9 1 5.6 2 6.1
Total 51 100 18 100 33 100

F. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 4 8.5 3 20.0 1 3.1
About the same 26 55.3 10 66.7 16 50.0
Moderately weaker 15 31.9 2 13.3 13 40.6
Substantially weaker 2 4.3 0 0.0 2 6.2
Total 47 100 15 100 32 100

G. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
About the same 10 66.7 1 100.0 9 64.3
Moderately weaker 4 26.7 0 0.0 4 28.6
Substantially weaker 1 6.7 0 0.0 1 7.1
Total 15 100 1 100 14 100

Questions 15-16 ask about revolving home equity lines of credit at your bank. Question 15 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards over the past three months. Question 16 deals with changes in demand. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if they are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

15. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for revolving home equity lines of credit changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 12.0 0 0.0 6 17.1
Remained basically unchanged 44 88.0 15 100.0 29 82.9
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 15 100 35 100

For this question, 13 respondents answered "My bank does not originate revolving home equity lines of credit."

16. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for revolving home equity lines of credit changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 2.9
Moderately stronger 4 7.8 2 12.5 2 5.7
About the same 34 66.7 11 68.8 23 65.7
Moderately weaker 12 23.5 3 18.8 9 25.7
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 16 100 35 100

Questions 17-26 ask about consumer lending at your bank. Question 17 deals with changes in your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans over the past three months. Questions 18-23 deal with changes in credit standards and loan terms over the same period. Questions 24-26 deal with changes in demand for consumer loans over the past three months. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

17. Please indicate your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans now as opposed to three months ago. (This question covers the range of consumer installment loans defined as consumer loans with a set number of scheduled payments, such as auto loans, student loans, and personal loans. It does not cover credit cards and other types of revolving credit, nor mortgages, which are included under the residential real estate questions.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Much more willing 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Somewhat more willing 3 5.3 2 9.1 1 2.9
About unchanged 48 84.2 16 72.7 32 91.4
Somewhat less willing 6 10.5 4 18.2 2 5.7
Much less willing 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 57 100 22 100 35 100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer installment loans."

18. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for credit cards from individuals or households changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 11 21.2 7 31.8 4 13.3
Remained basically unchanged 41 78.8 15 68.2 26 86.7
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 52 100 22 100 30 100

For this question, 13 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans to individuals or households."

19. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for auto loans to individuals or households changed? (Please include loans arising from retail sales of passenger cars and other vehicles such as minivans, vans, sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, and similar light trucks for personal use, whether new or used. Please exclude loans to finance fleet sales, personal cash loans secured by automobiles already paid for, loans to finance the purchase of commercial vehicles and farm equipment, and lease financing.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 2.9
Tightened somewhat 5 9.8 2 11.8 3 8.8
Remained basically unchanged 44 86.3 14 82.4 30 88.2
Eased somewhat 1 2.0 1 5.9 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 17 100 34 100

For this question, 14 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans to individuals or households."

20. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 8 15.7 3 18.8 5 14.3
Remained basically unchanged 42 82.4 13 81.2 29 82.9
Eased somewhat 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 2.9
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 16 100 35 100

For this question, 14 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer loans other than credit card or auto loans."

21. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on new or existing credit card accounts for individuals or households?

 

a. Credit limits

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 11 22.0 5 22.7 6 21.4
Remained basically unchanged 39 78.0 17 77.3 22 78.6
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 22 100 28 100

b. Spreads of interest rates charged on outstanding balances over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 12.0 3 13.6 3 10.7
Remained basically unchanged 44 88.0 19 86.4 25 89.3
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 22 100 28 100

c. Minimum percent of outstanding balances required to be repaid each month

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 50 100.0 22 100.0 28 100.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 22 100 28 100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 12 24.0 7 31.8 5 17.9
Remained basically unchanged 38 76.0 15 68.2 23 82.1
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 22 100 28 100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 7 14.0 2 9.1 5 17.9
Remained basically unchanged 43 86.0 20 90.9 23 82.1
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 22 100 28 100

22. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on loans to individuals or households to purchase autos?

 

a. Maximum maturity

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 3 6.2 0 0.0 3 9.7
Remained basically unchanged 43 89.6 15 88.2 28 90.3
Eased somewhat 1 2.1 1 5.9 0 0.0
Eased considerably 1 2.1 1 5.9 0 0.0
Total 48 100 17 100 31 100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 4.1 0 0.0 2 6.2
Tightened somewhat 8 16.3 4 23.5 4 12.5
Remained basically unchanged 37 75.5 12 70.6 25 78.1
Eased somewhat 2 4.1 1 5.9 1 3.1
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 49 100 17 100 32 100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 3.1
Tightened somewhat 2 4.1 1 5.9 1 3.1
Remained basically unchanged 45 91.8 15 88.2 30 93.8
Eased somewhat 1 2.0 1 5.9 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 49 100 17 100 32 100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 3.1
Tightened somewhat 5 10.2 0 0.0 5 15.6
Remained basically unchanged 43 87.8 17 100.0 26 81.2
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 49 100 17 100 32 100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 3.1
Tightened somewhat 3 6.1 0 0.0 3 9.4
Remained basically unchanged 45 91.8 17 100.0 28 87.5
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 49 100 17 100 32 100

23. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans?

 

a. Maximum maturity

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 4.0 0 0.0 2 5.9
Remained basically unchanged 48 96.0 16 100.0 32 94.1
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 16 100 34 100

b.Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 4 8.0 1 6.2 3 8.8
Remained basically unchanged 45 90.0 15 93.8 30 88.2
Eased somewhat 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 2.9
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 16 100 34 100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 49 100.0 15 100.0 34 100.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 49 100 15 100 34 100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 7 14.0 1 6.2 6 17.6
Remained basically unchanged 43 86.0 15 93.8 28 82.4
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 16 100 34 100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 2.0 0 0.0 1 2.9
Tightened somewhat 4 8.0 1 6.2 3 8.8
Remained basically unchanged 45 90.0 15 93.8 30 88.2
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 16 100 34 100

24. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for credit card loans changed over the past three months?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 5 10.0 2 9.1 3 10.7
About the same 34 68.0 17 77.3 17 60.7
Moderately weaker 11 22.0 3 13.6 8 28.6
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 22 100 28 100

25. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for auto loans changed over the past three months?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 1 2.0 1 5.9 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 2 4.0 0 0.0 2 6.1
About the same 31 62.0 14 82.4 17 51.5
Moderately weaker 16 32.0 2 11.8 14 42.4
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 50 100 17 100 33 100

26. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed over the past three months?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 2 3.9 0 0.0 2 5.7
About the same 39 76.5 14 87.5 25 71.4
Moderately weaker 10 19.6 2 12.5 8 22.9
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 51 100 16 100 35 100

Questions 27-30 ask how your bank has changed its lending policies over the past year for three different types of commercial real estate (CRE) loans: construction and land development loans, loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties, and loans secured by multifamily residential properties. Question 31 asks about changes in demand for CRE loans over the past year.

27. Over the past year, how has your bank changed the following policies on construction and land development loans?

 

a. Maximum loan size

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 5 8.3 2 9.1 3 7.9
Tightened somewhat 17 28.3 2 9.1 15 39.5
Remained basically unchanged 35 58.3 17 77.3 18 47.4
Eased somewhat 3 5.0 1 4.5 2 5.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

b. Maximum loan maturity

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 4 6.7 1 4.5 3 7.9
Tightened somewhat 9 15.0 2 9.1 7 18.4
Remained basically unchanged 46 76.7 19 86.4 27 71.1
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

c. Spread of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 6 10.2 1 4.8 5 13.2
Tightened somewhat 36 61.0 13 61.9 23 60.5
Remained basically unchanged 16 27.1 7 33.3 9 23.7
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

d. Loan-to-value ratios (lower ratios=tightened, higher ratios=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 3 5.0 1 4.5 2 5.3
Tightened somewhat 24 40.0 5 22.7 19 50.0
Remained basically unchanged 33 55.0 16 72.7 17 44.7
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

e. Debt service coverage ratios (higher ratios=tightened, lower ratios=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 4 6.9 2 9.1 2 5.6
Tightened somewhat 15 25.9 5 22.7 10 27.8
Remained basically unchanged 37 63.8 15 68.2 22 61.1
Eased somewhat 2 3.4 0 0.0 2 5.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 22 100 36 100

f. Market areas served (reduced market areas=tightened, expanded market areas=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 3 5.1 0 0.0 3 7.9
Tightened somewhat 12 20.3 3 14.3 9 23.7
Remained basically unchanged 41 69.5 17 81.0 24 63.2
Eased somewhat 3 5.1 1 4.8 2 5.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

g. Length of interest-only payment period (shorter interest-only periods=tightened, longer interest-only periods=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.7 1 4.8 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 12 20.3 2 9.5 10 26.3
Remained basically unchanged 45 76.3 18 85.7 27 71.1
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans"

28. Over the past year, how has your bank changed the following policies on loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties?

 

a. Maximum loan size

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.3 1 4.5 1 2.6
Tightened somewhat 17 28.3 3 13.6 14 36.8
Remained basically unchanged 39 65.0 18 81.8 21 55.3
Eased somewhat 2 3.3 0 0.0 2 5.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

b. Maximum loan maturity

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 3 5.1 1 4.8 2 5.3
Tightened somewhat 12 20.3 2 9.5 10 26.3
Remained basically unchanged 43 72.9 18 85.7 25 65.8
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

c. Spread of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 4 6.8 1 4.5 3 8.1
Tightened somewhat 34 57.6 12 54.5 22 59.5
Remained basically unchanged 19 32.2 9 40.9 10 27.0
Eased somewhat 2 3.4 0 0.0 2 5.4
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 22 100 37 100

d. Loan-to-value ratios (lower ratios=tightened, higher ratios=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.7 1 4.5 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 24 40.0 5 22.7 19 50.0
Remained basically unchanged 34 56.7 16 72.7 18 47.4
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

e. Debt service coverage ratios (higher ratios=tightened, lower ratios=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.4 2 9.1 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 18 30.5 4 18.2 14 37.8
Remained basically unchanged 36 61.0 16 72.7 20 54.1
Eased somewhat 3 5.1 0 0.0 3 8.1
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 22 100 37 100

f. Market areas served (reduced market areas=tightened, expanded market areas=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 3 5.0 0 0.0 3 7.9
Tightened somewhat 12 20.0 4 18.2 8 21.1
Remained basically unchanged 43 71.7 17 77.3 26 68.4
Eased somewhat 2 3.3 1 4.5 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

g. Length of interest-only payment period (shorter interest-only periods=tightened, longer interest-only periods=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.3 1 4.5 1 2.6
Tightened somewhat 15 25.0 4 18.2 11 28.9
Remained basically unchanged 42 70.0 17 77.3 25 65.8
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate nonfarm-nonresidential loans"

29. Over the past year, how has your bank changed the following policies on loans secured by multifamily residential properties?

 

a. Maximum loan size

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.3 1 4.5 1 2.6
Tightened somewhat 17 28.3 3 13.6 14 36.8
Remained basically unchanged 39 65.0 18 81.8 21 55.3
Eased somewhat 2 3.3 0 0.0 2 5.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

b. Maximum loan maturity

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.4 0 0.0 2 5.4
Tightened somewhat 11 18.6 2 9.1 9 24.3
Remained basically unchanged 46 78.0 20 90.9 26 70.3
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 22 100 37 100

c. Spread of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 4 6.7 1 4.5 3 7.9
Tightened somewhat 33 55.0 12 54.5 21 55.3
Remained basically unchanged 21 35.0 9 40.9 12 31.6
Eased somewhat 2 3.3 0 0.0 2 5.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

d. Loan-to-value ratios (lower ratios=tightened, higher ratios=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.7 1 4.5 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 25 42.4 7 31.8 18 48.6
Remained basically unchanged 33 55.9 14 63.6 19 51.4
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 22 100 37 100

e. Debt service coverage ratios (higher ratios=tightened, lower ratios=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.3 2 9.1 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 20 33.3 5 22.7 15 39.5
Remained basically unchanged 36 60.0 15 68.2 21 55.3
Eased somewhat 2 3.3 0 0.0 2 5.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

f. Market areas served (reduced market areas=tightened, expanded market areas=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 3.4 0 0.0 2 5.4
Tightened somewhat 11 19.0 3 14.3 8 21.6
Remained basically unchanged 42 72.4 17 81.0 25 67.6
Eased somewhat 3 5.2 1 4.8 2 5.4
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 21 100 37 100

g. Length of interest-only payment period (shorter interest-only periods=tightened, longer interest-only periods=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.7 1 4.5 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 15 25.0 4 18.2 11 28.9
Remained basically unchanged 43 71.7 17 77.3 26 68.4
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate multifamily loans"

30. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit policies for CRE loans over the past year (as described in questions 27-29 above), how important have the following possible reasons been for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit policies on CRE loans over the past year:

a. Less favorable or more uncertain outlook for CRE property prices

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 3 6.8 0 0.0 3 10.0
Somewhat important 20 45.5 9 64.3 11 36.7
Very important 21 47.7 5 35.7 16 53.3
Total 44 100 14 100 30 100

b. Less favorable or more uncertain outlook for market rents on CRE properties

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 1 2.3 0 0.0 1 3.3
Somewhat important 26 59.1 9 64.3 17 56.7
Very important 17 38.6 5 35.7 12 40.0
Total 44 100 14 100 30 100

c. Less favorable or more uncertain outlook for vacancy rates on CRE properties

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 1 2.3 0 0.0 1 3.3
Somewhat important 24 54.5 9 64.3 15 50.0
Very important 19 43.2 5 35.7 14 46.7
Total 44 100 14 100 30 100

d. Less favorable or more uncertain outlook for delinquency rates on mortgages backed by CRE properties

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 17 38.6 4 28.6 13 43.3
Somewhat important 24 54.5 9 64.3 15 50.0
Very important 3 6.8 1 7.1 2 6.7
Total 44 100 14 100 30 100

e. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank financial institutions (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 25 56.8 9 64.3 16 53.3
Somewhat important 17 38.6 5 35.7 12 40.0
Very important 2 4.5 0 0.0 2 6.7
Total 44 100 14 100 30 100

f. Reduced tolerance for risk

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 11 25.0 2 14.3 9 30.0
Somewhat important 25 56.8 8 57.1 17 56.7
Very important 8 18.2 4 28.6 4 13.3
Total 44 100 14 100 30 100

g. Decreased ability to securitize CRE loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 32 74.4 9 64.3 23 79.3
Somewhat important 10 23.3 4 28.6 6 20.7
Very important 1 2.3 1 7.1 0 0.0
Total 43 100 14 100 29 100

h. Increased concerns about my bank's capital adequacy or liquidity position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 33 76.7 13 92.9 20 69.0
Somewhat important 6 14.0 1 7.1 5 17.2
Very important 4 9.3 0 0.0 4 13.8
Total 43 100 14 100 29 100

i. Increased concerns about the effects of regulatory changes or supervisory actions

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 15 35.7 5 35.7 10 35.7
Somewhat important 21 50.0 6 42.9 15 53.6
Very important 6 14.3 3 21.4 3 10.7
Total 42 100 14 100 28 100

B. Possible reasons for easing credit policies on CRE loans over the past year:

a. More favorable or less uncertain outlook for CRE property prices

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 80.0 1 100.0 3 75.0
Somewhat important 1 20.0 0 0.0 1 25.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 5 100 1 100 4 100

b. More favorable or less uncertain outlook for market rents on CRE properties

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 80.0 1 100.0 3 75.0
Somewhat important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Very important 1 20.0 0 0.0 1 25.0
Total 5 100 1 100 4 100

c. More favorable or less uncertain outlook for vacancy rates on CRE properties

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 80.0 1 100.0 3 75.0
Somewhat important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Very important 1 20.0 0 0.0 1 25.0
Total 5 100 1 100 4 100

d. More favorable or less uncertain outlook for delinquency rates on mortgages backed by CRE properties

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 80.0 1 100.0 3 75.0
Somewhat important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Very important 1 20.0 0 0.0 1 25.0
Total 5 100 1 100 4 100

e. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank financial institutions (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 3 60.0 1 100.0 2 50.0
Somewhat important 2 40.0 0 0.0 2 50.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 5 100 1 100 4 100

f. Increased tolerance for risk

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 80.0 1 100.0 3 75.0
Somewhat important 1 20.0 0 0.0 1 25.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 5 100 1 100 4 100

g. Increased ability to securitize CRE loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 5 100.0 1 100.0 4 100.0
Somewhat important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 5 100 1 100 4 100

h. Reduced concerns about my bank's capital adequacy or liquidity position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 5 100.0 1 100.0 4 100.0
Somewhat important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 5 100 1 100 4 100

i. Reduced concerns about the effects of regulatory changes or supervisory actions

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 3 60.0 1 100.0 2 50.0
Somewhat important 2 40.0 0 0.0 2 50.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 5 100 1 100 4 100

31. If demand for CRE loans from your bank has strengthened or weakened over the past year, how important have the following possible reasons been for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for stronger CRE loan demand over the past year:

a. Customer acquisition or development of properties increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 15 55.6 2 40.0 13 59.1
Somewhat important 11 40.7 3 60.0 8 36.4
Very important 1 3.7 0 0.0 1 4.5
Total 27 100 5 100 22 100

b. Customer outlook for rental demand became more favorable or less uncertain

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 17 63.0 3 60.0 14 63.6
Somewhat important 7 25.9 1 20.0 6 27.3
Very important 3 11.1 1 20.0 2 9.1
Total 27 100 5 100 22 100

c. General level of interest rates decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 18 66.7 4 80.0 14 63.6
Somewhat important 6 22.2 1 20.0 5 22.7
Very important 3 11.1 0 0.0 3 13.6
Total 27 100 5 100 22 100

d. Customer internally generated funds decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 16 59.3 4 80.0 12 54.5
Somewhat important 9 33.3 1 20.0 8 36.4
Very important 2 7.4 0 0.0 2 9.1
Total 27 100 5 100 22 100

e. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other banks

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 16 57.1 3 60.0 13 56.5
Somewhat important 9 32.1 2 40.0 7 30.4
Very important 3 10.7 0 0.0 3 13.0
Total 28 100 5 100 23 100

f. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from nonbank sources (e.g., CMBS, insurers, or debt funds)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 16 59.3 4 80.0 12 54.5
Somewhat important 10 37.0 1 20.0 9 40.9
Very important 1 3.7 0 0.0 1 4.5
Total 27 100 5 100 22 100

g. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from alternatives to CRE-backed funding (e.g., unsecured debt or internal funding)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 17 63.0 4 80.0 13 59.1
Somewhat important 10 37.0 1 20.0 9 40.9
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 27 100 5 100 22 100

h. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 15 62.5 4 100.0 11 55.0
Somewhat important 9 37.5 0 0.0 9 45.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 24 100 4 100 20 100

B. Possible reasons for weaker CRE loan demand over the past year:

a. Customer acquisition or development of properties decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 6 12.2 2 13.3 4 11.8
Somewhat important 29 59.2 6 40.0 23 67.6
Very important 14 28.6 7 46.7 7 20.6
Total 49 100 15 100 34 100

b. Customer outlook for rental demand became less favorable or more uncertain

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 7 14.6 2 13.3 5 15.2
Somewhat important 32 66.7 10 66.7 22 66.7
Very important 9 18.8 3 20.0 6 18.2
Total 48 100 15 100 33 100

c. General level of interest rates increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 3 6.1 0 0.0 3 8.8
Somewhat important 12 24.5 3 20.0 9 26.5
Very important 34 69.4 12 80.0 22 64.7
Total 49 100 15 100 34 100

d. Customer internally generated funds increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 34 73.9 10 71.4 24 75.0
Somewhat important 11 23.9 3 21.4 8 25.0
Very important 1 2.2 1 7.1 0 0.0
Total 46 100 14 100 32 100

e. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other banks

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 37 77.1 12 80.0 25 75.8
Somewhat important 9 18.8 2 13.3 7 21.2
Very important 2 4.2 1 6.7 1 3.0
Total 48 100 15 100 33 100

f. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to nonbank sources (e.g., CMBS, insurers, or debt funds)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 31 66.0 9 60.0 22 68.8
Somewhat important 14 29.8 4 26.7 10 31.2
Very important 2 4.3 2 13.3 0 0.0
Total 47 100 15 100 32 100

g. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to alternatives to CRE-backed funding (e.g., unsecured debt or internal funding)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 32 66.7 11 73.3 21 63.6
Somewhat important 15 31.2 3 20.0 12 36.4
Very important 1 2.1 1 6.7 0 0.0
Total 48 100 15 100 33 100

h. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 29 61.7 9 60.0 20 62.5
Somewhat important 15 31.9 5 33.3 10 31.2
Very important 3 6.4 1 6.7 2 6.2
Total 47 100 15 100 32 100

1. The sample is selected from among the largest banks in each Federal Reserve District. In the table, large banks are defined as those with total domestic assets of $100 billion or more as of December 31, 2023. The combined assets of the 26 large banks totaled $13.8 trillion, compared to $15.1 trillion for the entire panel of 66 banks, and $20.5 trillion for all domestically chartered, federally insured commercial banks. Return to text

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Last Update: May 06, 2024