The January 2025 Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, Table 1

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Table 1

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States ¹

(Status of Policy as of January 2025)

Questions 1-6 ask about commercial and industrial (C&I) loans at your bank. Questions 1-3 deal with changes in your bank's lending policies over the past three months. Questions 4-5 deal with changes in demand for C&I loans over the past three months. Question 6 asks about changes in prospective demand for C&I loans at your bank, as indicated by the volume of recent inquiries about the availability of new credit lines or increases in existing lines. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

1. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines - other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions - to large and middle-market firms and to small firms changed? (If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested below, please use your definitions and indicate what they are.)

A. Standards for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	4	6.2	1	4.3	3	7.1
Remained basically unchanged	59	90.8	22	95.7	37	88.1
Eased somewhat	1	1.5	0	0.0	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	100	23	100	42	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms."

B. Standards for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	2	3.2	0	0.0	2	4.8
Tightened somewhat	7	11.1	0	0.0	7	16.7
Remained basically unchanged	52	82.5	20	95.2	32	76.2
Eased somewhat	2	3.2	1	4.8	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	21	100	42	100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to small firms."

2. For applications for C&I loans or credit lines-other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions-from large and middle-market firms and from small firms that your bank currently is willing to approve, how have the terms of those loans changed over the past three months?

A. Terms for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	8	12.5	2	9.1	6	14.3
Remained basically unchanged	51	79.7	18	81.8	33	78.6
Eased somewhat	5	7.8	2	9.1	3	7.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	22	100	42	100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	6.3	0	0.0	4	9.8
Remained basically unchanged	57	90.5	22	100.0	35	85.4
Eased somewhat	2	3.2	0	0.0	2	4.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	22	100	41	100

c. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	6.5	0	0.0	4	9.5
Remained basically unchanged	50	80.6	17	85.0	33	78.6
Eased somewhat	8	12.9	3	15.0	5	11.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	20	100	42	100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened,narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	6	9.4	0	0.0	6	14.3
Remained basically unchanged	46	71.9	16	72.7	30	71.4
Eased somewhat	12	18.8	6	27.3	6	14.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	22	100	42	100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	11	17.2	0	0.0	11	26.2
Remained basically unchanged	51	79.7	21	95.5	30	71.4
Eased somewhat	2	3.1	1	4.5	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	22	100	42	100

f. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	6.3	0	0.0	4	9.5
Remained basically unchanged	56	88.9	19	90.5	37	88.1
Eased somewhat	3	4.8	2	9.5	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	21	100	42	100

g. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	5	8.1	0	0.0	5	12.5
Remained basically unchanged	56	90.3	21	95.5	35	87.5
Eased somewhat	1	1.6	1	4.5	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	22	100	40	100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	8	12.5	0	0.0	8	19.0
Remained basically unchanged	51	79.7	21	95.5	30	71.4
Eased somewhat	4	6.2	1	4.5	3	7.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	22	100	42	100

B. Terms for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	2	3.2	0	0.0	2	4.8
Remained basically unchanged	58	93.5	19	95.0	39	92.9
Eased somewhat	1	1.6	1	5.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	20	100	42	100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.4
Remained basically unchanged	55	91.7	18	94.7	37	90.2
Eased somewhat	4	6.7	1	5.3	3	7.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	19	100	41	100

c. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.1	0	0.0	3	7.7
Remained basically unchanged	50	84.7	17	85.0	33	84.6
Eased somewhat	6	10.2	3	15.0	3	7.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	20	100	39	100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened,narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	6.6	0	0.0	4	9.5
Remained basically unchanged	48	78.7	16	84.2	32	76.2
Eased somewhat	9	14.8	3	15.8	6	14.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	19	100	42	100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	8	13.1	0	0.0	8	19.5
Remained basically unchanged	51	83.6	18	90.0	33	80.5
Eased somewhat	2	3.3	2	10.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

f. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.5
Tightened somewhat	4	6.8	1	5.3	3	7.5
Remained basically unchanged	51	86.4	17	89.5	34	85.0
Eased somewhat	3	5.1	1	5.3	2	5.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	19	100	40	100

g. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	3	5.0	0	0.0	3	7.3
Remained basically unchanged	56	93.3	19	100.0	37	90.2
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	19	100	41	100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	6	10.2	0	0.0	6	14.3
Remained basically unchanged	49	83.1	17	100.0	32	76.2
Eased somewhat	3	5.1	0	0.0	3	7.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	17	100	42	100

3. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit standards or its terms for C&I loans or credit lines over the past three months (as described in questions 1 and 2), how important have the following possible reasons been for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit standards or loan terms:

a. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected capital position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	17	85.0	1	50.0	16	88.9
Somewhat Important	3	15.0	1	50.0	2	11.1
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	20	100	2	100	18	100

b. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	6	31.6	0	0.0	6	35.3
Somewhat Important	11	57.9	2	100.0	9	52.9
Very Important	2	10.5	0	0.0	2	11.8
Total	19	100	2	100	17	100

c. Worsening of industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	7	36.8	1	50.0	6	35.3
Somewhat Important	9	47.4	1	50.0	8	47.1
Very Important	3	15.8	0	0.0	3	17.6
Total	19	100	2	100	17	100

d. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	15	75.0	2	100.0	13	72.2
Somewhat Important	5	25.0	0	0.0	5	27.8
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	20	100	2	100	18	100

e. Reduced tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	9	45.0	0	0.0	9	50.0
Somewhat Important	9	45.0	2	100.0	7	38.9
Very Important	2	10.0	0	0.0	2	11.1
Total	20	100	2	100	18	100

f. Decreased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	17	85.0	2	100.0	15	83.3
Somewhat Important	2	10.0	0	0.0	2	11.1
Very Important	1	5.0	0	0.0	1	5.6
Total	20	100	2	100	18	100

g. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	16	84.2	1	50.0	15	88.2
Somewhat Important	3	15.8	1	50.0	2	11.8
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	19	100	2	100	17	100

h. Increased concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	11	55.0	0	0.0	11	61.1
Somewhat Important	6	30.0	2	100.0	4	22.2
Very Important	3	15.0	0	0.0	3	16.7
Total	20	100	2	100	18	100

B. Possible reasons for easing credit standards or loan terms:

a. Improvement in your bank's current or expected capital position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	14	77.8	6	85.7	8	72.7
Somewhat Important	3	16.7	0	0.0	3	27.3
Very Important	1	5.6	1	14.3	0	0.0
Total	18	100	7	100	11	100

b. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	9	50.0	2	28.6	7	63.6
Somewhat Important	7	38.9	4	57.1	3	27.3
Very Important	2	11.1	1	14.3	1	9.1
Total	18	100	7	100	11	100

c. Improvement in industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	13	76.5	4	57.1	9	90.0
Somewhat Important	3	17.6	3	42.9	0	0.0
Very Important	1	5.9	0	0.0	1	10.0
Total	17	100	7	100	10	100

d. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat Important	12	63.2	3	37.5	9	81.8
Very Important	7	36.8	5	62.5	2	18.2
Total	19	100	8	100	11	100

e. Increased tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	14	77.8	4	57.1	10	90.9
Somewhat Important	4	22.2	3	42.9	1	9.1
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	18	100	7	100	11	100

f. Increased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	17	94.4	6	85.7	11	100.0
Somewhat Important	1	5.6	1	14.3	0	0.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	18	100	7	100	11	100

g. Improvement in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	14	77.8	7	100.0	7	63.6
Somewhat Important	4	22.2	0	0.0	4	36.4
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	18	100	7	100	11	100

h. Reduced concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	15	83.3	7	100.0	8	72.7
Somewhat Important	3	16.7	0	0.0	3	27.3
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	18	100	7	100	11	100

4. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for C&I loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

A. Demand for C&I loans from large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	17	26.6	8	34.8	9	22.0
About the same	36	56.2	12	52.2	24	58.5
Moderately weaker	10	15.6	3	13.0	7	17.1
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Total	64	100	23	100	41	100

B. Demand for C&I loans from small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	12	19.0	5	23.8	7	16.7
About the same	41	65.1	13	61.9	28	66.7
Moderately weaker	9	14.3	3	14.3	6	14.3
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Total	63	100	21	100	42	100

5. If demand for C&I loans has strengthened or weakened over the past three months (as described in question 4), how important have the following possible reasons been for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. If stronger loan demand (answer 1 or 2 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	5	27.8	3	37.5	2	20.0
Somewhat Important	12	66.7	5	62.5	7	70.0
Very Important	1	5.6	0	0.0	1	10.0
Total	18	100	8	100	10	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	7	38.9	4	50.0	3	30.0
Somewhat Important	11	61.1	4	50.0	7	70.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	18	100	8	100	10	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	5	27.8	4	50.0	1	10.0
Somewhat Important	12	66.7	4	50.0	8	80.0
Very Important	1	5.6	0	0.0	1	10.0
Total	18	100	8	100	10	100

d. Customer internally generated funds decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	14	82.4	7	87.5	7	77.8
Somewhat Important	3	17.6	1	12.5	2	22.2
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	17	100	8	100	9	100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	7	41.2	1	12.5	6	66.7
Somewhat Important	10	58.8	7	87.5	3	33.3
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	17	100	8	100	9	100

f. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became less attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	13	76.5	6	75.0	7	77.8
Somewhat Important	4	23.5	2	25.0	2	22.2
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	17	100	8	100	9	100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	15	88.2	7	87.5	8	88.9
Somewhat Important	2	11.8	1	12.5	1	11.1
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	17	100	8	100	9	100

B. If weaker loan demand (answer 4 or 5 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	7	50.0	2	50.0	5	50.0
Somewhat Important	6	42.9	2	50.0	4	40.0
Very Important	1	7.1	0	0.0	1	10.0
Total	14	100	4	100	10	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	8	57.1	2	50.0	6	60.0
Somewhat Important	5	35.7	2	50.0	3	30.0
Very Important	1	7.1	0	0.0	1	10.0
Total	14	100	4	100	10	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	1	7.1	1	25.0	0	0.0
Somewhat Important	12	85.7	3	75.0	9	90.0
Very Important	1	7.1	0	0.0	1	10.0
Total	14	100	4	100	10	100

d. Customer internally generated funds increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	9	64.3	4	100.0	5	50.0
Somewhat Important	5	35.7	0	0.0	5	50.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	14	100	4	100	10	100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	7	50.0	2	50.0	5	50.0
Somewhat Important	5	35.7	1	25.0	4	40.0
Very Important	2	14.3	1	25.0	1	10.0
Total	14	100	4	100	10	100

f. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became more attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	10	71.4	2	50.0	8	80.0
Somewhat Important	4	28.6	2	50.0	2	20.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	14	100	4	100	10	100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	9	64.3	3	75.0	6	60.0
Somewhat Important	5	35.7	1	25.0	4	40.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	14	100	4	100	10	100

6. At your bank, apart from seasonal variation, how has the number of inquiries from potential business borrowers regarding the availability and terms of new credit lines or increases in existing lines changed over the past three months? (Please consider only inquiries for additional or increased C&I lines as opposed to the refinancing of existing loans.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
The number of inquiries has increased substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
The number of inquiries has increased moderately	19	29.7	10	43.5	9	22.0
The number of inquiries has stayed about the same	33	51.6	10	43.5	23	56.1
The number of inquiries has decreased moderately	11	17.2	3	13.0	8	19.5
The number of inquiries has decreased substantially	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Total	64	100	23	100	41	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I lines of credit."

Questions 7-12 ask about changes in standards and demand over the past three months for three different types of commercial real estate (CRE) loans at your bank: construction and land development loans, loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties, and loans secured by multifamily residential properties. Please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

7. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for construction and land development loans or credit lines changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	2	3.2	0	0.0	2	4.8
Tightened somewhat	7	11.1	3	14.3	4	9.5
Remained basically unchanged	51	81.0	17	81.0	34	81.0
Eased somewhat	3	4.8	1	4.8	2	4.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	21	100	42	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans or credit lines."

8. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	7	11.3	2	9.5	5	12.2
Remained basically unchanged	53	85.5	19	90.5	34	82.9
Eased somewhat	2	3.2	0	0.0	2	4.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	21	100	41	100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties."

9. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	7	11.3	2	9.5	5	12.2
Remained basically unchanged	48	77.4	17	81.0	31	75.6
Eased somewhat	6	9.7	2	9.5	4	9.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	21	100	41	100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by multifamily residential properties."

10. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for construction and land development loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	10	15.9	4	19.0	6	14.3
About the same	39	61.9	14	66.7	25	59.5
Moderately weaker	13	20.6	3	14.3	10	23.8
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Total	63	100	21	100	42	100

11. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	8	12.9	4	19.0	4	9.8
About the same	44	71.0	15	71.4	29	70.7
Moderately weaker	9	14.5	2	9.5	7	17.1
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Total	62	100	21	100	41	100

12. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	8	12.9	4	19.0	4	9.8
About the same	43	69.4	15	71.4	28	68.3
Moderately weaker	10	16.1	2	9.5	8	19.5
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Total	62	100	21	100	41	100

Note: Beginning with the January 2015 survey, the loan categories referred to in the questions regarding changes in credit standards and demand for residential mortgage loans have been revised to reflect the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's qualified mortgage rules.

Questions 13-14 ask about seven categories of residential mortgage loans at your bank: Government-Sponsored Enterprise eligible (GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, government residential mortgages, Qualified Mortgage non-jumbo non-GSE-eligible (QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages, and subprime residential mortgages. For the purposes of this survey, please use the following definitions of these loan categories and include first-lien closed-end loans to purchase homes only. The loan categories have been defined so that every first-lien closed-end residential mortgage loan used for home purchase fits into one of the following seven categories:

The GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that meet the underwriting guidelines, including loan limit amounts, of the GSEs - Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
The government category of residential mortgages includes loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration, guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, or originated under government programs, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture home loan programs.
The QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amounts set by the GSEs but otherwise do not meet the GSE underwriting guidelines.
The QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage but have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
The non-QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
The non-QM non-jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.(Please exclude loans classified by your bank as subprime in this category.)
The subprime category of residential mortgages includes loans classified by your bank as subprime. This category typically includes loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories that include payment delinquencies, charge-offs, judgements, and/or bankruptcies; reduced repayment capacity as measured by credit scores or debt-to-income ratios; or incomplete credit histories.

Question 13 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if the standards are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

Question 14 deals with changes in demand for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months.

13. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications from individuals for mortgage loans to purchase homes changed? (Please consider only new originations as opposed to the refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	55	98.2	18	94.7	37	100.0
Eased somewhat	1	1.8	1	5.3	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	56	100	19	100	37	100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

B. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	52	98.1	15	93.8	37	100.0
Eased somewhat	1	1.9	1	6.2	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	16	100	37	100

For this question, 12 respondents answered "My bank does not originate government residential mortgages."

C. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.5	0	0.0	2	5.3
Remained basically unchanged	52	91.2	17	89.5	35	92.1
Eased somewhat	3	5.3	2	10.5	1	2.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	19	100	38	100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

D. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.6	0	0.0	2	5.6
Remained basically unchanged	50	89.3	17	85.0	33	91.7
Eased somewhat	4	7.1	3	15.0	1	2.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	56	100	20	100	36	100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM jumbo residential mortgages."

E. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	5	9.8	1	5.6	4	12.1
Remained basically unchanged	44	86.3	15	83.3	29	87.9
Eased somewhat	2	3.9	2	11.1	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	51	100	18	100	33	100

For this question, 13 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM jumbo residential mortgages."

F. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	4.0	0	0.0	2	5.7
Remained basically unchanged	44	88.0	14	93.3	30	85.7
Eased somewhat	4	8.0	1	6.7	3	8.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	50	100	15	100	35	100

For this question, 15 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages."

G. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	9.1	0	0.0	1	10.0
Remained basically unchanged	10	90.9	1	100.0	9	90.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	11	100	1	100	10	100

For this question, 53 respondents answered "My bank does not originate subprime residential mortgages."

14. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for mortgages to purchase homes changed over the past three months? (Please consider only applications for new originations as opposed to applications for refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	6	10.5	3	15.8	3	7.9
About the same	36	63.2	13	68.4	23	60.5
Moderately weaker	14	24.6	3	15.8	11	28.9
Substantially weaker	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	57	100	19	100	38	100

B. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	5	9.4	3	18.8	2	5.4
About the same	36	67.9	10	62.5	26	70.3
Moderately weaker	12	22.6	3	18.8	9	24.3
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	16	100	37	100

C. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	5	8.8	2	10.5	3	7.9
About the same	40	70.2	13	68.4	27	71.1
Moderately weaker	11	19.3	4	21.1	7	18.4
Substantially weaker	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	57	100	19	100	38	100

D. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	2	3.5	2	10.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	7	12.3	3	15.0	4	10.8
About the same	34	59.6	11	55.0	23	62.2
Moderately weaker	13	22.8	4	20.0	9	24.3
Substantially weaker	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.7
Total	57	100	20	100	37	100

E. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	2.0	1	5.6	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	8	15.7	3	16.7	5	15.2
About the same	32	62.7	11	61.1	21	63.6
Moderately weaker	10	19.6	3	16.7	7	21.2
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	51	100	18	100	33	100

F. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	4	8.2	1	6.7	3	8.8
About the same	33	67.3	11	73.3	22	64.7
Moderately weaker	12	24.5	3	20.0	9	26.5
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	49	100	15	100	34	100

G. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
About the same	6	54.5	1	100.0	5	50.0
Moderately weaker	5	45.5	0	0.0	5	50.0
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	11	100	1	100	10	100

Questions 15-16 ask about revolving home equity lines of credit at your bank. Question 15 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards over the past three months. Question 16 deals with changes in demand. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if they are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

15. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for revolving home equity lines of credit changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.6	0	0.0	2	5.1
Remained basically unchanged	53	94.6	16	94.1	37	94.9
Eased somewhat	1	1.8	1	5.9	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	56	100	17	100	39	100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate revolving home equity lines of credit."

16. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for revolving home equity lines of credit changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	7	12.5	2	11.8	5	12.8
About the same	42	75.0	13	76.5	29	74.4
Moderately weaker	7	12.5	2	11.8	5	12.8
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	56	100	17	100	39	100

Questions 17-26 ask about consumer lending at your bank. Question 17 deals with changes in your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans over the past three months. Questions 18-23 deal with changes in credit standards and loan terms over the same period. Questions 24-26 deal with changes in demand for consumer loans over the past three months. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

17. Please indicate your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans now as opposed to three months ago. (This question covers the range of consumer installment loans defined as consumer loans with a set number of scheduled payments, such as auto loans, student loans, and personal loans. It does not cover credit cards and other types of revolving credit, nor mortgages, which are included under the residential real estate questions.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Much more willing	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat more willing	5	8.5	4	19.0	1	2.6
About unchanged	52	88.1	16	76.2	36	94.7
Somewhat less willing	2	3.4	1	4.8	1	2.6
Much less willing	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	21	100	38	100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer installment loans."

18. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for credit cards from individuals or households changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.9	1	4.8	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	7	13.2	2	9.5	5	15.6
Remained basically unchanged	42	79.2	15	71.4	27	84.4
Eased somewhat	3	5.7	3	14.3	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	21	100	32	100

For this question, 12 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans to individuals or households."

19. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for auto loans to individuals or households changed? (Please include loans arising from retail sales of passenger cars and other vehicles such as minivans, vans, sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, and similar light trucks for personal use, whether new or used. Please exclude loans to finance fleet sales, personal cash loans secured by automobiles already paid for, loans to finance the purchase of commercial vehicles and farm equipment, and lease financing.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.8	1	5.9	2	5.7
Remained basically unchanged	44	84.6	12	70.6	32	91.4
Eased somewhat	5	9.6	4	23.5	1	2.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

For this question, 12 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans to individuals or households."

20. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	5	8.9	3	17.6	2	5.1
Remained basically unchanged	48	85.7	11	64.7	37	94.9
Eased somewhat	3	5.4	3	17.6	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	56	100	17	100	39	100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer loans other than credit card or auto loans."

21. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on new or existing credit card accounts for individuals or households?

a. Credit limits

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	5	9.4	3	14.3	2	6.2
Remained basically unchanged	48	90.6	18	85.7	30	93.8
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	21	100	32	100

b. Spreads of interest rates charged on outstanding balances over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	3.1
Remained basically unchanged	52	98.1	21	100.0	31	96.9
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	21	100	32	100

c. Minimum percent of outstanding balances required to be repaid each month

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	53	100.0	21	100.0	32	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	21	100	32	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	6	11.3	4	19.0	2	6.2
Remained basically unchanged	47	88.7	17	81.0	30	93.8
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	21	100	32	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.9	1	4.8	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.8	2	9.5	1	3.2
Remained basically unchanged	48	92.3	18	85.7	30	96.8
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	21	100	31	100

22. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on loans to individuals or households to purchase autos?

a. Maximum maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	50	96.2	16	94.1	34	97.1
Eased somewhat	2	3.8	1	5.9	1	2.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.8	1	5.9	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	44	84.6	12	70.6	32	91.4
Eased somewhat	6	11.5	4	23.5	2	5.7
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.8	0	0.0	2	5.7
Remained basically unchanged	49	94.2	16	94.1	33	94.3
Eased somewhat	1	1.9	1	5.9	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.8	0	0.0	3	8.6
Remained basically unchanged	47	90.4	15	88.2	32	91.4
Eased somewhat	2	3.8	2	11.8	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.8	0	0.0	2	5.7
Remained basically unchanged	49	94.2	16	94.1	33	94.3
Eased somewhat	1	1.9	1	5.9	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

23. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans?

a. Maximum maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	54	98.2	17	100.0	37	97.4
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	55	100	17	100	38	100

b.Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.5	1	5.9	2	5.3
Remained basically unchanged	51	92.7	15	88.2	36	94.7
Eased somewhat	1	1.8	1	5.9	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	55	100	17	100	38	100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	53	98.1	16	100.0	37	97.4
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	54	100	16	100	38	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	6	10.9	2	11.8	4	10.5
Remained basically unchanged	48	87.3	14	82.4	34	89.5
Eased somewhat	1	1.8	1	5.9	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	55	100	17	100	38	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.5	1	5.9	2	5.3
Remained basically unchanged	52	94.5	16	94.1	36	94.7
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	55	100	17	100	38	100

24. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for credit card loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	4	7.5	3	14.3	1	3.1
About the same	40	75.5	14	66.7	26	81.2
Moderately weaker	8	15.1	4	19.0	4	12.5
Substantially weaker	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	3.1
Total	53	100	21	100	32	100

25. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for auto loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	4	7.7	2	11.8	2	5.7
About the same	42	80.8	15	88.2	27	77.1
Moderately weaker	4	7.7	0	0.0	4	11.4
Substantially weaker	2	3.8	0	0.0	2	5.7
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

26. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	4	7.1	1	5.9	3	7.7
About the same	45	80.4	14	82.4	31	79.5
Moderately weaker	5	8.9	2	11.8	3	7.7
Substantially weaker	2	3.6	0	0.0	2	5.1
Total	56	100	17	100	39	100

Questions 27-30 ask how your bank expects its lending standards for select categories of C&I, commercial real estate, residential real estate, and consumer loans to change over 2025. Question 31 asks about the reasons why your bank expects lending standards to change.

27. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect its lending standards for the following C&I loan categories to change over 2025 compared to its current standards, apart from normal seasonal variation? (Please refer to the definitions of large and middle-market firms suggested in question 1. If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested in question 1, please use your definitions.)

A. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2025, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tighten considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tighten somewhat	5	7.8	0	0.0	5	12.2
Remain basically unchanged	52	81.2	21	91.3	31	75.6
Ease somewhat	7	10.9	2	8.7	5	12.2
Ease considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	23	100	41	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms"

B. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2025, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines to small firms to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tighten considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tighten somewhat	6	10.0	1	5.0	5	12.5
Remain basically unchanged	48	80.0	18	90.0	30	75.0
Ease somewhat	6	10.0	1	5.0	5	12.5
Ease considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	20	100	40	100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to small firms"

28. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect its lending standards for the following commercial real estate loan categories to change over 2025 compared to its current standards, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2025, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for construction and land development loans or credit lines to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tighten considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tighten somewhat	5	8.2	1	5.0	4	9.8
Remain basically unchanged	49	80.3	16	80.0	33	80.5
Ease somewhat	6	9.8	3	15.0	3	7.3
Ease considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans or credit lines"

B. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2025, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tighten considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tighten somewhat	4	6.6	0	0.0	4	9.8
Remain basically unchanged	49	80.3	16	80.0	33	80.5
Ease somewhat	7	11.5	4	20.0	3	7.3
Ease considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties"

C. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2025, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for loans secured by multifamily residential properties to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tighten considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.5
Tighten somewhat	4	6.6	1	4.8	3	7.5
Remain basically unchanged	46	75.4	14	66.7	32	80.0
Ease somewhat	10	16.4	6	28.6	4	10.0
Ease considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	21	100	40	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by multifamily residential properties"

29. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect its lending standards for the following residential real estate loan categories to change over 2025 compared to its current standards, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2025, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for GSE-eligible residential mortgage loans to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tighten considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tighten somewhat	1	1.7	1	5.3	0	0.0
Remain basically unchanged	54	91.5	17	89.5	37	92.5
Ease somewhat	4	6.8	1	5.3	3	7.5
Ease considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	19	100	40	100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate GSE-eligible residential mortgage loans"

B. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2025, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for nonconforming jumbo residential mortgage loans to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tighten considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tighten somewhat	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.5
Remain basically unchanged	55	93.2	18	94.7	37	92.5
Ease somewhat	3	5.1	1	5.3	2	5.0
Ease considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	19	100	40	100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate nonconforming jumbo residential mortgage loans"

30. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect its lending standards for the following consumer loan categories to change over 2025 compared to its current standards, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2025, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for credit card loans to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tighten considerably	1	1.9	1	4.8	0	0.0
Tighten somewhat	4	7.5	3	14.3	1	3.1
Remain basically unchanged	43	81.1	13	61.9	30	93.8
Ease somewhat	5	9.4	4	19.0	1	3.1
Ease considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	21	100	32	100

For this question, 12 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans"

B. Compared to my bank's current lending standards, over 2025, my bank expects its lending standards for approving applications for auto loans to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tighten considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tighten somewhat	2	3.9	1	5.9	1	2.9
Remain basically unchanged	42	82.4	10	58.8	32	94.1
Ease somewhat	6	11.8	5	29.4	1	2.9
Ease considerably	1	2.0	1	5.9	0	0.0
Total	51	100	17	100	34	100

For this question, 13 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans"

31. If your bank expects to tighten or ease its lending standards for any of the loan categories reported in questions 27-30, how important are the following possible reasons for the expected change in standards? (Please respond to either A, B or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for expecting to tighten lending standards:

a. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	26.7	2	33.3	2	22.2
Somewhat important	10	66.7	3	50.0	7	77.8
Very important	1	6.7	1	16.7	0	0.0
Total	15	100	6	100	9	100

b. Expected deterioration in, or desire to improve, your bank's capital or liquidity positions

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	11	73.3	4	66.7	7	77.8
Somewhat important	3	20.0	1	16.7	2	22.2
Very important	1	6.7	1	16.7	0	0.0
Total	15	100	6	100	9	100

c. Expected deterioration in customers' collateral values

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	3	20.0	2	33.3	1	11.1
Somewhat important	10	66.7	3	50.0	7	77.8
Very important	2	13.3	1	16.7	1	11.1
Total	15	100	6	100	9	100

d. Expected reduction in competition from other banks or nonbank lenders

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	12	80.0	5	83.3	7	77.8
Somewhat important	3	20.0	1	16.7	2	22.2
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	6	100	9	100

e. Expected reduction in risk tolerance

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	6	40.0	2	33.3	4	44.4
Somewhat important	6	40.0	2	33.3	4	44.4
Very important	3	20.0	2	33.3	1	11.1
Total	15	100	6	100	9	100

f. Expected reduction in ease of selling loans in the secondary market

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	13	86.7	5	83.3	8	88.9
Somewhat important	2	13.3	1	16.7	1	11.1
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	6	100	9	100

g. Expected deterioration in credit quality of loan portfolio

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	6	40.0	1	16.7	5	55.6
Somewhat important	4	26.7	1	16.7	3	33.3
Very important	5	33.3	4	66.7	1	11.1
Total	15	100	6	100	9	100

h. Increased concerns about your bank's funding costs

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	12	85.7	5	83.3	7	87.5
Somewhat important	2	14.3	1	16.7	1	12.5
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	14	100	6	100	8	100

i. Increased concerns about the adverse effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	9	64.3	4	66.7	5	62.5
Somewhat important	4	28.6	2	33.3	2	25.0
Very important	1	7.1	0	0.0	1	12.5
Total	14	100	6	100	8	100

B. Possible reasons for expecting to ease lending standards:

a. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	12.5	0	0.0	2	25.0
Somewhat important	9	56.2	5	62.5	4	50.0
Very important	5	31.2	3	37.5	2	25.0
Total	16	100	8	100	8	100

b. Expected improvement in your bank's capital or liquidity positions

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	9	60.0	6	85.7	3	37.5
Somewhat important	6	40.0	1	14.3	5	62.5
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	7	100	8	100

c. Expected improvement in customers' collateral values

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	8	53.3	4	57.1	4	50.0
Somewhat important	6	40.0	2	28.6	4	50.0
Very important	1	6.7	1	14.3	0	0.0
Total	15	100	7	100	8	100

d. Expected increase in competition from other banks or nonbank lenders

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	26.7	2	28.6	2	25.0
Somewhat important	9	60.0	4	57.1	5	62.5
Very important	2	13.3	1	14.3	1	12.5
Total	15	100	7	100	8	100

e. Expected increase in risk tolerance

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	4	26.7	2	28.6	2	25.0
Somewhat important	10	66.7	4	57.1	6	75.0
Very important	1	6.7	1	14.3	0	0.0
Total	15	100	7	100	8	100

f. Expected increase in ease of selling loans in the secondary market

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	10	66.7	5	71.4	5	62.5
Somewhat important	3	20.0	1	14.3	2	25.0
Very important	2	13.3	1	14.3	1	12.5
Total	15	100	7	100	8	100

g. Expected improvement in credit quality of loan portfolio

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	8	50.0	2	25.0	6	75.0
Somewhat important	6	37.5	4	50.0	2	25.0
Very important	2	12.5	2	25.0	0	0.0
Total	16	100	8	100	8	100

h. Reduced concerns about your bank's funding costs

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	11	73.3	6	85.7	5	62.5
Somewhat important	4	26.7	1	14.3	3	37.5
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	7	100	8	100

i. Reduced concerns about the adverse effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	9	60.0	4	57.1	5	62.5
Somewhat important	5	33.3	2	28.6	3	37.5
Very important	1	6.7	1	14.3	0	0.0
Total	15	100	7	100	8	100

Questions 32-35 ask how your bank expects demand for select categories of C&I, commercial real estate, residential real estate, and consumer loans from your bank to change over 2025. Question 36 asks about the reasons why your bank expects demand from your bank to change.

32. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect demand for the following categories of C&I loans from your bank to change over 2025 compared to its current level, apart from normal seasonal variation? (Please refer to the definitions of large and middle-market firms suggested in question 1. If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested in question 1, please use your definitions.)

A. Compared to its current level, over 2025, my bank expects demand for C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms from my bank to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Strengthen substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Strengthen somewhat	39	60.9	17	73.9	22	53.7
Remain basically unchanged	23	35.9	6	26.1	17	41.5
Weaken somewhat	2	3.1	0	0.0	2	4.9
Weaken substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	23	100	41	100

B. Compared to its current level, over 2025, my bank expects demand for C&I loans or credit lines to small firms from my bank to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Strengthen substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Strengthen somewhat	36	58.1	14	66.7	22	53.7
Remain basically unchanged	24	38.7	7	33.3	17	41.5
Weaken somewhat	2	3.2	0	0.0	2	4.9
Weaken substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	21	100	41	100

33. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect demand for the following categories of commercial real estate loans from your bank to change over 2025 compared to its current level, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to its current level, over 2025, my bank expects demand for construction and land development loans or credit lines from my bank to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Strengthen substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Strengthen somewhat	29	47.5	14	70.0	15	36.6
Remain basically unchanged	28	45.9	6	30.0	22	53.7
Weaken somewhat	4	6.6	0	0.0	4	9.8
Weaken substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

B. Compared to its current level, over 2025, my bank expects demand for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties from my bank to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Strengthen substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Strengthen somewhat	25	41.0	14	70.0	11	26.8
Remain basically unchanged	32	52.5	6	30.0	26	63.4
Weaken somewhat	4	6.6	0	0.0	4	9.8
Weaken substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

C. Compared to its current level, over 2025, my bank expects demand for loans secured by multifamily residential properties from my bank to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Strengthen substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Strengthen somewhat	23	38.3	14	70.0	9	22.5
Remain basically unchanged	33	55.0	6	30.0	27	67.5
Weaken somewhat	4	6.7	0	0.0	4	10.0
Weaken substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	20	100	40	100

34. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect demand for the following categories of residential real estate loans from your bank to change over 2025 compared to its current level, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to its current level, over 2025, my bank expects demand for GSE-eligible residential mortgage loans from my bank to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Strengthen substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Strengthen somewhat	26	44.8	11	61.1	15	37.5
Remain basically unchanged	30	51.7	7	38.9	23	57.5
Weaken somewhat	2	3.4	0	0.0	2	5.0
Weaken substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	58	100	18	100	40	100

B. Compared to its current level, over 2025, my bank expects demand for nonconforming jumbo residential mortgage loans from my bank to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Strengthen substantially	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.5
Strengthen somewhat	21	36.2	10	55.6	11	27.5
Remain basically unchanged	33	56.9	7	38.9	26	65.0
Weaken somewhat	3	5.2	1	5.6	2	5.0
Weaken substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	58	100	18	100	40	100

35. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, how does your bank expect demand for the following categories of consumer loans from your bank to change over 2025 compared to its current level, apart from normal seasonal variation?

A. Compared to its current level, over 2025, my bank expects demand for credit card loans from my bank to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Strengthen substantially	1	2.0	1	5.0	0	0.0
Strengthen somewhat	9	17.6	5	25.0	4	12.9
Remain basically unchanged	40	78.4	14	70.0	26	83.9
Weaken somewhat	1	2.0	0	0.0	1	3.2
Weaken substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	51	100	20	100	31	100

B. Compared to its current level, over 2025, my bank expects demand for auto loans from my bank to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Strengthen substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Strengthen somewhat	15	30.0	5	31.2	10	29.4
Remain basically unchanged	34	68.0	11	68.8	23	67.6
Weaken somewhat	1	2.0	0	0.0	1	2.9
Weaken substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	50	100	16	100	34	100

36. If your bank expects demand from your bank to change over 2025 compared to its current level and apart from normal seasonal variation for any of the loan categories reported in questions 32-35, how important are the following possible reasons for the expected change in demand? (Please respond to either A, B or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for expecting stronger loan demand:

a. Customers are expected to face higher spending or investment needs due to more favorable or less uncertain income prospects

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	21	45.7	7	35.0	14	53.8
Somewhat important	23	50.0	11	55.0	12	46.2
Very important	2	4.3	2	10.0	0	0.0
Total	46	100	20	100	26	100

b. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity is expected to increase

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	30	65.2	13	65.0	17	65.4
Somewhat important	16	34.8	7	35.0	9	34.6
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	46	100	20	100	26	100

c. Interest rates are expected to decline, strengthening loan demand

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	3	6.5	2	10.0	1	3.8
Somewhat important	19	41.3	7	35.0	12	46.2
Very important	24	52.2	11	55.0	13	50.0
Total	46	100	20	100	26	100

d. More favorable terms other than interest rates are expected to increase loan demand

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	28	60.9	12	60.0	16	61.5
Somewhat important	14	30.4	7	35.0	7	26.9
Very important	4	8.7	1	5.0	3	11.5
Total	46	100	20	100	26	100

e. Customer spending or investment needs are expected to increase for reasons not listed above

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	27	58.7	13	65.0	14	53.8
Somewhat important	16	34.8	5	25.0	11	42.3
Very important	3	6.5	2	10.0	1	3.8
Total	46	100	20	100	26	100

f. Customer borrowing is expected to shift to your bank from other bank sources because these other sources become less attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	37	80.4	16	80.0	21	80.8
Somewhat important	9	19.6	4	20.0	5	19.2
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	46	100	20	100	26	100

g. Customer borrowing is expected to shift to your bank from other nonbank sources because these other sources become less attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	35	76.1	15	75.0	20	76.9
Somewhat important	11	23.9	5	25.0	6	23.1
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	46	100	20	100	26	100

B. Possible reasons for expecting weaker loan demand:

a. Customers are expected to face lower spending or investment needs due to less favorable or more uncertain income prospects

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	50.0	0	0.0	2	50.0
Somewhat important	2	50.0	0	0.0	2	50.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	4	100	0	0	4	100

b. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity is expected to decrease

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	3	75.0	0	0.0	3	75.0
Somewhat important	1	25.0	0	0.0	1	25.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	4	100	0	0	4	100

c. Interest rates are expected to increase, weakening loan demand

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	50.0	0	0.0	2	50.0
Somewhat important	1	25.0	0	0.0	1	25.0
Very important	1	25.0	0	0.0	1	25.0
Total	4	100	0	0	4	100

d. Less favorable terms other than interest rates are expected to reduce loan demand

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	1	25.0	0	0.0	1	25.0
Somewhat important	3	75.0	0	0.0	3	75.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	4	100	0	0	4	100

e. Customer spending or investment needs are expected to decrease for reasons not listed above

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	50.0	0	0.0	2	50.0
Somewhat important	2	50.0	0	0.0	2	50.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	4	100	0	0	4	100

f. Customer borrowing is expected to shift from your bank to other bank sources because these other sources become more attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	3	75.0	0	0.0	3	75.0
Somewhat important	1	25.0	0	0.0	1	25.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	4	100	0	0	4	100

g. Customer borrowing is expected to shift from your bank to other nonbank sources because these other sources become more attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not important	2	50.0	0	0.0	2	50.0
Somewhat important	2	50.0	0	0.0	2	50.0
Very important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	4	100	0	0	4	100

Questions 37-40 ask about your bank's expectations for the behavior of loan delinquencies and charge-offs on selected categories of C&I, commercial real estate, residential real estate, and consumer loans in 2025.

37. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, what is your outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on your bank's C&I loans in the following categories in 2025? (Please refer to the definitions of large and middle-market firms and of small firms suggested in question 1. If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested in question 1, please use your definitions.)

A. The quality of my bank's C&I loans to large and middle-market firms over 2025, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Improve substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Improve somewhat	13	20.3	10	43.5	3	7.3
Remain around current levels	42	65.6	10	43.5	32	78.0
Deteriorate somewhat	9	14.1	3	13.0	6	14.6
Deteriorate substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	100	23	100	41	100

B. The quality of my bank's C&I loans to small firms over 2025, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Improve substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Improve somewhat	12	19.4	8	38.1	4	9.8
Remain around current levels	40	64.5	10	47.6	30	73.2
Deteriorate somewhat	10	16.1	3	14.3	7	17.1
Deteriorate substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	21	100	41	100

38. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, what is your outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on your bank's commercial real estate loans in the following categories in 2025?

A. The quality of my bank's construction and land development loans over 2025, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Improve substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Improve somewhat	8	13.1	4	20.0	4	9.8
Remain around current levels	52	85.2	16	80.0	36	87.8
Deteriorate somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Deteriorate substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

B. The quality of my bank's loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties over 2025, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Improve substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Improve somewhat	11	18.0	7	35.0	4	9.8
Remain around current levels	43	70.5	10	50.0	33	80.5
Deteriorate somewhat	7	11.5	3	15.0	4	9.8
Deteriorate substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

C. The quality of my bank's loans secured by multifamily residential properties over 2025, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Improve substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Improve somewhat	15	24.6	10	50.0	5	12.2
Remain around current levels	40	65.6	10	50.0	30	73.2
Deteriorate somewhat	6	9.8	0	0.0	6	14.6
Deteriorate substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

39. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, what is your outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on your bank's residential real estate loans in the following categories in 2025?

A. The quality of my bank's GSE-eligible residential mortgage loans over 2025, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Improve substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Improve somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Remain around current levels	53	86.9	16	80.0	37	90.2
Deteriorate somewhat	7	11.5	4	20.0	3	7.3
Deteriorate substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

B. The quality of my bank's nonconforming jumbo residential mortgage loans over 2025, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Improve substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Improve somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Remain around current levels	56	91.8	17	85.0	39	95.1
Deteriorate somewhat	4	6.6	3	15.0	1	2.4
Deteriorate substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

40. Assuming that economic activity progresses in line with consensus forecasts, what is your outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on your bank's consumer loans in the following categories in 2025?

A. The quality of my bank's credit card loans to prime borrowers over 2025, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Improve substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Improve somewhat	5	8.8	4	19.0	1	2.8
Remain around current levels	46	80.7	13	61.9	33	91.7
Deteriorate somewhat	6	10.5	4	19.0	2	5.6
Deteriorate substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	21	100	36	100

B. The quality of my bank's credit card loans to nonprime borrowers over 2025, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Improve substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Improve somewhat	6	11.5	5	25.0	1	3.1
Remain around current levels	35	67.3	10	50.0	25	78.1
Deteriorate somewhat	11	21.2	5	25.0	6	18.8
Deteriorate substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	20	100	32	100

C. The quality of my bank's auto loans to prime borrowers over 2025, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Improve substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Improve somewhat	6	10.9	4	22.2	2	5.4
Remain around current levels	47	85.5	13	72.2	34	91.9
Deteriorate somewhat	2	3.6	1	5.6	1	2.7
Deteriorate substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	55	100	18	100	37	100

D. The quality of my bank's auto loans to nonprime borrowers over 2025, as measured by my bank's outlook for delinquencies and charge-offs on these loans, is likely to:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Improve substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Improve somewhat	6	12.2	5	31.2	1	3.0
Remain around current levels	33	67.3	8	50.0	25	75.8
Deteriorate somewhat	9	18.4	3	18.8	6	18.2
Deteriorate substantially	1	2.0	0	0.0	1	3.0
Total	49	100	16	100	33	100

1. The sample is selected from among the largest banks in each Federal Reserve District. In the table, large banks are defined as those with total domestic assets of $100 billion or more as of September 30, 2024. The combined assets of the 25 large banks totaled $13.8 trillion, compared to $15.2 trillion for the entire panel of 67 banks, and $20.9 trillion for all domestically chartered, federally insured commercial banks. Return to text

Last Update: February 03, 2025

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

Table 1 PDF RSS DDP

Table 1

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States 1

(Status of Policy as of January 2025)

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States ¹